Molecular complexity

Spermatogenesis is a complex process involving mitotic cell division, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Panax ginseng in improving spermatogenesis, using a systematic network pharmacology approach and molecular docking.

14p viharuno 03-01-2025 3 1   Download

Is a branch of polymer science dealing with analysis and characterisation of polymers. üThe complication of macromolecular chains, the dispersion in molecular weight, tacticity, crystallinity, orientation, composition of polymers etc. and complex morphological systems ⇒ analysis of polymer ≠ the small organic materials ⇒ Focus on viscoelastic properties, dynamic mechanical testing.

114p buitiendung87 06-01-2011 340 154   Download

The thesis is structured as follows: In Chapter 1, the scientific literature is summarized within the scope of this study. Chapter 2 provides a comprehensive overview of the principles of the applied computational approaches in this study. Chapter 3 identifies the important residues of the LsIA/α7 nAChR complex that affect the interactions between the toxin and the membrane protein due to C-terminal carboxylation of LsIA. The effects of C-terminal modification of LsIA on interactions with α3β2 nAChR, involved in cardiovascular diseases, were also investigated in Chapter 4.

234p runthenight04 02-02-2023 11 3   Download

The selective effects of these inhibitors are governed by substituent at position 5. Kinetic studies and molecular docking simulation were performed for elucidating mechanisms of enzyme-inhibitor complex formation.

12p tocectocec 25-05-2020 7 0   Download

Understanding the genetic complexity of traits is an important objective of small grain temperate cereals yield and adaptation improvements. Bi-parental quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage mapping is a powerful method to identify genetic regions that co-segregate in the trait of interest within the research population. However, recently, association or linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) became an approach for unraveling the molecular genetic basis underlying the natural phenotypic variation.

17p partimesinhvien 08-05-2020 17 1   Download

General approaches to the analysis of complex synthetic problems, general approaches to the analysis of complex, synthetic problems,... as the main contents of the document "The logic of chemical synthesis". Invite you to consult for additional documents for the academic needs and research.

5p hdaothi8 11-11-2015 75 5   Download

Trehalose metabolism is an essential component of the stress response in yeast cells. In this work we show that the products of the principal genes involved in trehalose metabolism in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, tps1+ (coding for trehalose6-P synthase, Tps1p), ntp1+ (encoding neutral trehalase, Ntp1p) and tpp1+ (that codes for trehalose-6-P phosphatase, Tpp1p), interact in vitro with each other and with themselves to form protein complexes. Disruption of the gene tps1+ blocks the activation of the neutral trehalase induced by heat shock but not by osmotic stress.

9p system191 01-06-2013 28 4   Download

The design of b-glycosidases with planed substrate specificity for biotechnological application has received little attention. This is mostly a consequence of the lack of data on the molecular basis of the b-glycosidase specificity, namely data on the energy of the noncovalent interactions in the enzymetransition state complex. In an attempt to fill this gap, sitedirected mutagenesis and enzyme steady-state kinetic experiments with different substrates were conducted, using as model a digestive b-glycosidase (glycoside hydrolase family 1) from Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera) (Sfbgly50).

10p system191 01-06-2013 45 4   Download

Many groups of proteins play important roles in the cell’s response to various stresses. The molecular chaperone GroEL of Escherichia coli represents one such highly conserved family of stress proteins. We have observed that isolated GroEL complexes from stationary cultures contain various polypeptides that can be released from the chaperonin by GroES and/or ATP, and identified two such polypeptides as the proteins GatY and UP12.

9p system191 01-06-2013 31 3   Download

Laboratory for Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; 2Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, UMR-CNRS 5089, Toulouse Cedex, France; 3Rega Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Fruits of elderberry (Sambucus nigra) express small quantities of a type-2 ribosome-inactivating protein with an exclusive specificity towards the NeuAc(a2,6)Gal/GalNAc disaccharide and a unique molecular structure typified by the occurrence of a disulfide bridge between the B-chains of two adjacent protomers....

10p system191 01-06-2013 43 3   Download

Oligomerization into multimeric complexes is a prerequisite for the chaperone function of almost all a-crystallin type heat shock proteins (a-Hsp), but the molecular details of complex assembly are poorly understood. The a-Hsp proteins from Bradyrhizobium japonicum are suitable bacterial models for structure-function studies of these ubiquitous stress proteins. They fall into two distinct classes, A and B, display chaperone activity in vitro and form oligomers of  24 subunits.

9p research12 01-06-2013 50 6   Download

A comparative study of thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of Cu(II) and Ni(II) binding at the N-terminal binding site of human and bovine serum albumins (HSA and BSA, respectively) and short peptide analogues was performed using potentiometry and spectroscopic techniques. It was found that while qualitative aspects of interaction (spectra and structures of complexes, order of reactions) could be reproduced, the quantitative parameters (stability and rate constants) could not.

9p research12 01-06-2013 38 4   Download

Subunits (a, b and c) of the interleukin-2 receptor complex (IL-2R) are involved in both proliferative and activationinduced cell death (AICD) signaling of T cells. In addition, the signaling b and c chains are shared by other cytokines (e.g. IL-7, IL-9, IL-15). However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for recruiting/sorting the a chains to the signaling chains at the cell surface are not clear.

10p research12 01-06-2013 30 5   Download

Tripeptidyl-peptidase II (TPP II) is a large (Mr106 ) tripeptide-releasing enzyme with an active site of the subtil-isin-type. Compared with other subtilases, TPP II has a 200 amino-acid insertion between the catalytic Asp44 and His264 residues, and is active as anoligomeric complex. This study demonstrates that the insert is important for the formation of the active high-molecular mass complex.

6p research12 29-04-2013 37 3   Download

Hepatopoietin (HPO) is a novel human hepatotrophic growth factor. Recently, we demonstrated that the extra-cellular ligand form of HPO can stimulate proliferation of hepatic cells via its specific receptor, which is on the surface of these cells.Also, the intracellular formofHPOpotentiates the transcriptional factor AP-1. Intriguingly, a variety of HPO complexes with different molecular masses were detected in hepatocytes.

6p research12 23-04-2013 25 5   Download

Soluble methane mono-oxygenase (sMMO) ofMethylo-coccus capsulatus (Bath) catalyses the O2-dependent and NAD(P)H-dependent oxygenation of methane and numer-ous other substrates. During puri®cation, the sMMO enzyme complex, which comprises three components and has a molecular mass in excess of 300 kDa, becomes inac-tivated because of cleavage of just 12 amino acids from the N-terminus of proteinB, which is the smallest component of sMMOand theonlyonewithout prosthetic groups.

9p research12 23-04-2013 24 3   Download

DNA ligases are the enzymes responsible for the repair of single-strandedanddouble-strandednicks indsDNA.DNA ligases are structurally similar, possibly sharing a common molecular mechanism of nick recognition and ligation catalysis. This mechanism remains unclear, in part because the structure of ligase in complex with dsDNAhas yet to be solved.DNA ligases share common structural elementswith DNA polymerases, which have been cocrystallized with dsDNA. Based on the observed DNA polymerase–dsDNA interactions, we propose a mechanism for recognition of a single-stranded nick by DNA ligase....

7p tumor12 22-04-2013 40 2   Download

This paper describes the cloning of the genes coding for each component of the complex of toluene/o-xylene monooxy-genase fromPseudomonas stutzeriOX1, their expression, purification and characterization. Moreover, the reconsti-tution of the active complex from the recombinant subunits has been obtained, and the functional role of each compo-nent in the electron transfer from the electron donor to molecular oxygen has been determined.

11p tumor12 22-04-2013 45 3   Download

Previous results have shown that theoncoembryonicmarker a-fetoprotein (AFP) is able to induce apoptosis in tumor cells through activation of caspase 3, bypassing Fas-dependent and tumor necrosis factor receptor-dependent signaling. In this study we further investigate the molecular interactions involvedin the AFP-mediatedsignaling of apoptosis. We show that AFP treatment of tumor cells is accompaniedby cytosolic translocation of mitochondrial cytochromec.

12p tumor12 20-04-2013 46 2   Download

a2 -Macroglobulin (a2M) is an abundant glycoprotein with the intrinsic capacity for capturing diverse proteins for rapid delivery into cells. After internalization by the receptor-mediated endocytosis,a2M-protein complexes were rapidly degraded in the endolysosome system. Although this is an importantpathway for clearanceofbotha2Mandbiological targets, little is known about the nature ofa2M degradation in the endolysosome system.

10p tumor12 20-04-2013 36 3   Download