Mrna processing

The multifaceted control of gene expression requires tight coordination of regulatory mechanisms at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Here, we studied the interdependence of transcription initiation, splicing and polyadenylation events on single mRNA molecules by full-length mRNA sequencing.

18p vimichaelfaraday 25-03-2022 16 2   Download

Chapter 15 - RNA Processing II: Capping and Polyadenylation. Besides splicing, eukaryotic cells perform several other kinds of processing on their RNAs. Messenger RNAs are subject to two kinds of processing, known as capping and polyadenylation. In capping, a special blocking nucleotide (a cap) is added to the 59-end of a pre-mRNA. In polyadenylation, a string of AMPs (poly[A]) is added to the 39-end of the pre-mRNA. These steps are essential for the proper function of mRNAs and will be topics in this chapter.

31p tangtuy05 30-03-2016 54 3   Download

A number of antibiotics have been reported to disturb the decoding process in prokaryotic translation and to inhibit the function of various natural ribozymes. We investigated the e€ect of several antibiotics on in vitro splicing of a eukaryotic nuclear pre-mRNA (b-globin). Of the eight antibiotics studied, erythromycin, Cl-tetracycline and streptomycinwere identi®ed as splicing inhibitors in nuclear HeLa cell extract. TheKi values were 160, 180 and 230lM, respectively.

9p research12 29-04-2013 31 3   Download

important regulators of biological processes in animals and plants. MiRNAs regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by binding to mRNAs and either inhibit translation or modify the stability of the mRNA. Due to the important biological role of miRNAs it is of great interest to study their expression level in the cells. Furthermore, miRNAs have been associated with cancer and other diseases [1] and miRNA expression can help in the diagnosis and prognostic of human disease [2,3].

11p zingzing09 24-04-2013 51 3   Download

We have developed a simple reporter assay useful for detection and analysis of mutations and agents influencing mRNA biogenesis in a gene length-dependent manner. We have shown that two transcription units sharing the same promoter, terminator and open reading frame, but differing in the length of their 3¢-untranslated regions, are differentially influenced by muta-

14p dell39 27-03-2013 32 3   Download

In eukaryotes, two heteroheptameric Sm-like (Lsm) complexes that differ by a single subunit localize to different cellular compartments and have dis-tinct functions in RNA metabolism. The cytoplasmic Lsm1–7p complex promotes mRNA decapping and localizes to processing bodies, whereas the Lsm2–8p complex takes part in a variety of nuclear RNA processing events.

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The synthesis of ribosomal proteins (RPs) has long been known to be a process strongly linked to the growth status of the cell. In vertebrates, this coordination is dependent on RP mRNA translational efficiency, which changes according to physiological circumstances.

12p viettel02 22-02-2013 35 2   Download

Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) specifically catalyzes the degradation of the poly(A) tails of single-stranded mRNAs in a highly processive mode. PARN participates in diverse and important intracellular processes by act-ing as a regulator of mRNA stability and translational efficiency. In this article, the equilibrium unfolding of PARN was studied using both guani-dine hydrochloride and urea as chemical denaturants.

12p viettel02 22-02-2013 41 4   Download

Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) is a widely expressed RNA-binding protein with multiple roles in RNA processing, including the splic-ing of alternative exons, mRNA stability, mRNA localization, and internal ribosome entry site-dependent translation. Although it has been reported that increased expression of PTB is correlated with cancer cell growth, the role of PTB in mammalian development is still unclear.

11p viettel02 20-02-2013 35 3   Download

PUF proteins regulate both stability and translation through sequence-spe-cific binding to the 3¢ UTR of target mRNA transcripts. Binding is medi-ated by a conserved PUF domain, which contains eight repeats of approximately 36 amino acids each. Found in all eukaryotes, they have been related to several developmental processes.

15p viettel02 20-02-2013 30 1   Download

The RNA degradosome is built on the C-terminal half of ribonuclease E (RNase E) which shows high sequence variation, even amongst closely related species. This is intriguing given its central role in RNA processing and mRNA decay. Previously, we have identified RhlB (ATP-dependent DEAD-box RNA helicase)-binding

13p viettel02 19-02-2013 26 1   Download

In trypanosomatids, the regulation of gene expression occurs mainly at the post-transcriptional level. Previous studies have revealed nontranslated mRNA in theTrypanosoma cruzicytoplasm. Previously, we have identified and cloned the TcDHH1 protein, a DEAD box RNA helicase. It has been reported that Dhh1 is involved in multiple RNA-related processes in vari-ous eukaryotes.

12p viettel02 19-02-2013 34 3   Download

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs of 18–25 nucleotides that are generally believed to either block the translation or induce the deg-radation of target mRNA. miRNAs have been shown to play fundamental roles in diverse biological and pathological processes, including cell prolif-eration, differentiation, apoptosis and carcinogenesis.

7p mobifone23 21-01-2013 41 5   Download

Mixed lineage leukemias(MLLs) are an evolutionarily conserved trithorax family of human genes that play critical roles in HOXgene regulation and embryonic development.MLL1is well known to be rearranged in myeloid and lymphoid leukemias in children and adults. There are several MLL family proteins such as MLL1, MLL2, MLL3, MLL4, MLL5, Set1A and Set1B, and each possesses histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4)-specific methyltrans-ferase activity and has critical roles in gene activation and epigenetics.

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Flow of genetic information. Multiple extracellular signals activate intracellular signal cascades that result in altered regulation of gene expression through the interaction of transcription factors with regulatory regions of genes. RNA polymerase transcribes DNA into RNA that is processed to mRNA by excision of intronic sequences. The mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain to form the mature protein after undergoing posttranslational processing.

5p konheokonmummim 03-12-2010 64 3   Download