Normal immune systems

Part 1 book "Diagnostic pathology normal histology" includes content: Introduction to normal histology and basic histological techniques, nervous system, integument, musculoskeletal system, hematopoietic and immune systems, head and neck, circulatory system.

209p dianmotminh01 17-05-2024 1 1   Download

Ebook Essential pediatrics (8th edition): Part 1 includes contents: Introduction to pediatrics, normal growth and its disorders, newborn infants, normal growth and its disorders, immunization and immunodeficiency, fluid and electrolyte disturbances.

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This study developed a gene signature associated with a malignant and common tumor of the urinary system, the Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (BLCA). Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was searched to obtain 414 BLCA samples and the expression spectra of 19 normal samples. Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) was conducted to determine the enrichment levels in the BLCA samples of the 29 immune genes.

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Toxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), which is one of the most widespread zoonotic pathogens known today. It is a global health hazard as they infect 30-50% of the world’s human population.

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Endocrine Disruptors (ED) are substances that impede the normal performance of the endocrine system. It leads to several adverse effects on health such as abnormalities of the reproductive, skeletal, immune, metabolic, neurological, cardiovascular system as well as several types of carcinomas. These could be either naturally occurring organic substances such as phytoestrogens or artificially synthesised chemicals employed in the manufacture of plastics, plasticizers, pesticides, synthetic hormones, pharma compounds etc.

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The causal association between persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer has been established, but the mechanisms that favor HPV persistence in cervical cells are still unknown. The diminished capability of the immune system to control and resolve HPV infection is one of several hypotheses.

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Ventilator-associated pneumonia is defined as nosocomial pneumonia occurring more than 48 hours after patients have received mechanical ventilation. VAP in a critically ill patient significantly increases risk of mortality, ventilator time, length of stay and cost of care. The Endotracheal tube is a favourable site for biofilm formation. They are adherent cells which are embedded within a self-produced matrix of This EPS matrix impedes the normal functions of antibodies and the phagocytic cells of the immune system and leads to increased resistance to antibiotics.

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Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a leading cause of infectious morbidity in childhood. Clinical studies have implicated caesarean section, early birth and formula feeding in modifying normal gut microbiota development and immune system homeostasis in early life. Rates of early birth and cesarean delivery are also increasing worldwide.

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By WHO forecasts, a further increase in the prevalence and mortality of COPD among people of working age is predicted, due to uncontrolled environmental pollution, a tobacco pandemic, an increase in the level of allergens and a genetic predisposition. In chronization and progression of COPD, there is a violation of cellular and humoral immunity, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines of phagocytic cell activity that contribute to the persistence of the inflammatory process in the lungs.

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Iron plays an important role in body defense and essential for normal immune system development where its deficiency may result in an inadequate immune response. We aimed to assess the lymphocyte subsets in childhood iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with their laboratory correlations.

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K. pneumoniae is responsible for a wide variety of hospital and community-acquired infections, affecting patients with normal immune systems as well as those with pre-existing conditions. The Carbapenems are β-lactam antibiotics that are used in the treatment of infections caused by Extended Spectrum beta-Lactamases (ESBL) producing gram negative bacteria (GNB). Carbapenem antibiotics are considered the drugs of choice for the treatment of ESBL -producing Enterobacteriaceae and other multidrug resistant bacteria.

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Metritis and endometritis are the very common postpartum uterine infections that results into infertility in dairy cattle, production loss and economical losses to the farmer. As postpartum uterus favors bacterial growth so it is frequently found in almost of unhygienic environment reared animals. Breaching of birth canal during dystocia, retention of placenta, wet environment during winter season and immunosuppression due to many reasons are the risk factors for the bacteria invasion to uterus.

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Undesirable and desirable effects of stressors on the body are assigned to distress and eustress, respectively. Immune system and brain are the most susceptible parts to stressful conditions, whereas longlasting alterations in putative immune proteins involved in tension such as corticosterone (CORT), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) can impact learning and memory. Intermittent fasting (IF) is a repeated regular cycle of dietary restriction with well-known beneficial properties on the body.

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It is time to shift the arachidonic acid (ARA) paradigm from a harm-generating molecule to its status of polyunsaturated fatty acid essential for normal health. ARA is an integral constituent of biological cell membrane, conferring it with fluidity and flexibility, so necessary for the function of all cells, especially in nervous system, skeletal muscle, and immune system. Arachidonic acid is obtained from food or by desaturation and chain elongation of the plant-rich essential fatty acid, linoleic acid.

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In recent years, cell adhesion and cell adhesion molecules have been shown to be important for many normal biological processes, including embryonic cell migration, immune system functions and wound healing. It has also been shown that they contribute to the pathogenesis of a large number of common human disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and tumor cell metastasis in cancer.

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(BQ) Part 1 of the document Rapid review microbiology and immunology presents the following contents: Components of the immune system, role of T cells in immune responses, immunoglobulins and their production by B cells, normal and abnormal immune responses, laboratory tests for diagnosis,... Invite you to consult.

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Mice expressing a C-terminal fragment of the prion protein instead of wild-type prion protein die from massive neuronal degeneration within weeks of birth. The C-terminal region of PrPc (PrP121–231) expressed in these mice has an intrinsic neurotoxicity to cultured neurones. Unlike PrPSc, which is not neurotoxic to neurones lacking PrPc expression, PrP121–231 was more neurotoxic to PrPc-deficient cells. Human mutations E200K and F198S were found to enhance toxicity of PrP121–231 to PrP-knockout neurones and E200K enhanced toxicity to wild-type neurones.

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Poultry manure production occurs as a result of the normal everyday processes of the poultry industry. It is a valuable by-product of this industry and has valuable potential uses beyond the traditional one of fertilizer . It is always interesting to note that if one were looking 5 strictly at the fate of the nutrient inputs, the major product of any animal feeding system is manure, not animal protein . Often manures are considered waste materials and a place to 26 dispose of them has to be found. However, if the manure is considered a by-product of the industry, a possible use...

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Humanpancreatic secretions contain twomajor trypsinogen isoforms, cationic and anionic trypsinogen, normally at a ratio of 2 : 1. Pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and chronic alcoholism lead to a characteristic reversal of the isoform ratio, and anionic trypsinogen becomes the predominant zymogen secreted. To understand the biochemical conse-quences of these alterations, we recombinantly expressed and purified both human trypsinogens and documented characteristics of autoactivation, autocatalytic degradation and Ca 2+ -dependence....

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The pulmonary surfactant prevents alveolar collapse and is required for normal pulmonary function. One of the important components of the surfactant besides phos-pholipids is surfactant-associated protein C (SP-C). SP-C shows complex oligomerization behavior and a transition to b-amyloid-like fibril structures, which are not yet fully understood. Besides this nonspecific oligomerization, MS and chemical cross-linking data combined with CD spectra provide evidence of a specific, mainlya-helical, dimer at lowto neutral pH....

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