Project management for small business

Private investors may need to isolate their cash flows to debt , usually only a single mortgage, from the cash flows to equity, usually their savings. Private investors may need this information to record any shortfall between rent received and loan interest, for personal income tax measurement.

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Forecasting Operating Expenses : sometimes current expenses are grown forward using a common inflation index, such as the Consumer Price Index. Forecasting Vacancy Rates: a common method is to forecast these rates as an annual average percentage of the lease rental.

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2. The computational inter-relationships between data types are complex: eg rainfall/soil type/location/species. A Generic model can evaluate a variety of separate investment projects for a variety of users.

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In Chapter 11, Linear Programming was applied to those investments satisfying the following assumptions:Additivity within activities: resource consumption is constant per unit of output; there are no economies of scale.

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Forestry provides two types of long term benefits:- Wood benefits; timber, poles, thinnings Non-Wood benefits; environmental protection, wildlife habitat, land restoration, recreational environment. Both these benefits can span a lifetime of over 50 years.

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The process of finding an optimum outcome from a set of constrained resources, where the objective function and the constraints can be expressed as linear equations. The process of finding an optimum outcome from a set of constrained resources, where the objective function and the constraints can be expressed as linear equations.

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Analyzing project risks by making mechanical trial and error changes to forecast values of selected variables.Analyzing the risks of investment projects, by changing the values of forecasted variables. Finding the values of particular variables which give the project a Breakeven NPV of zero.

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Simulation allows the repeated solution of an evaluation model. Each solution randomly selects values from predetermined probability distributions. All solutions are summarized into an overall distribution of NPV values. This distribution shows management how risky the project is.

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In this chapter, risk is accounted for by (1) applying a discount rate commensurate with the riskiness of the cash flows, and (2), by using a certainty equivalent factor In chapter 8, risk is accounted for by evaluating the project using sensitivity and breakeven analysis.

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Money has a time value: a $ or £ or € today, is worth more than a $ or £ or € next year. A risk free interest rate may represent the time value of money. Inflation too can create a difference in money value over time. It is NOT the time value of money. It is a decline in monetary purchasing power.

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The ideal investment decision making technique is Net Present Value. N P V measures the equivalent present wealth contributed by the investment. NPV is given in NPV -- relates directly to the firm’s goal of wealth maximization -- employs the time value of money -- can be used in all types of investments -- can be adjusted to incorporate risk.

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Forecasting is an essential element of capital budgeting.Capital budgeting requires the commitment of significant funds today in the hope of long term benefits. The role of forecasting is the estimation of these benefits.

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The Delphi Method: drawing upon the group’s expertise by getting individual submissions, without the drawback of face to face meetings. The Delphi Method is named after a famous Oracle who prophesied in the ancient Greek city of Delphi. An Oracle (wise person) interceded between men and gods.

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Chapter 1 introduces the concept of capital budgeting, and sets out the structure of the book. The important points are: Capital budgeting is the most significant financial activity of the firm. Capital budgeting determines the core activities of the firm over a long term future. Capital budgeting decisions must be made carefully and rationally.

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The definition, identification, and measurement of cash flows relevant to project evaluation.A relevant cash flow is one which will change as a direct result of the decision about a project.A relevant cash flow is one which will change as a direct result of the decision about a project.

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Part 1.Xac of quality and quantity of existing and new nurseries Practical application of improved nursery management. (Compared to baseline in the MS 3) Part 2. Check and confirm the assumptions in the analysis of business and profitability analysis for a wide range of macadamia plantation system of small-scale production of the family.

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