Tendons and imaging

Achilles tendon is beside a quadriceps one, the strongest tendon in human body. Its name arises from the ancient hero Achilles. His mother Thetis wanted to make him invulnerable by immersing him in the saint river Styx. As she had to hold him his heel remained unprotected and thus his weakest point. This was a cause of his death – he was hit in a heel by a poisoned Paris’ arrow (led by a God Apollo) in the siege of Troy (term “Achilles heel” is so commonly used to describe the weakest point of someone). The name Achilles tendon comes from the story of the siege...

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Histological and epidemiological data suggest that increased signal intensity at the proximal patellar tendon on magnetic resonance imaging is a response to tendon loading. As patellofemoral geometry is a mediator of loading, we examined the association between patellofemoral geometry and the prevalence of increased signal intensity at the patellar tendon in community-based middle-aged adults.

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Velocity encoded phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (VE-PC MRI) is another imaging technique used to noninvasively measure Achilles tendon strain and changes in its force-displacement relationship concomitant with chronic unloading and subsequent recuperation. This technique will be reviewed in terms of its ability to quantify the Achilles tendon Young’s modulus (MPa) from a stress-strain curve.

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(BQ) Part 1 of the document Diagnostic imaging - Emergency presents the following contents: Central nervous system, chest/cardiovascular, abdomen pelvis, achilles tendon tear and tendinopathy, achilles tendon tear and tendinopathy,...

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(BQ) Part 1 of the document Imaging anatomy musculoskeletal presents the following contents: Shoulder overview, shoulder radiographic and arthrographic anatomy, shoulder labrum, shoulder ligaments, elbow overview, elbow radiographic and arthrographic anatomy, elbow muscles and tendons, wrist measurements and lines,...

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(bq) part 2 book "imaging anatomy musculoskeletal" presents the following contents: thigh radiographic anatomy and mr atlas, knee overview, knee extensor mechanism and retinacula, cruciate ligaments posterior capsule, knee and leg measurements and lines, ankle ligaments, foot overview, ankle tendons,...

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(bq) part 2 book “musculoskeletal imaging” has contents: pelvic girdle and hip, knee and tibial injuries, meniscal pathology, anterior cruciate ligament tears, quadriceps tendon injuries, ankle injuries, achilles tendon pathology, atlantoaxial fractures,… and other contents.

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The currently available scoring methods for enthesitis are often measures of pain but not of inflammation at entheseal sites. The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT) psoriatic arthritis (PsA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system (PsAMRIS) assesses inflammation and damage in PsA and was particularly developed for the hands.

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Reconstruction of the Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using tendon grafting is an established method for restoring knee function and stability. Multiple methods are established for graft fixation. Several involve anchoring the autograft distant to the joint with hardware that remains implanted.

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The role of altered joint mechanics on cartilage degeneration in in vivo models has not been studied successfully due to a lack of pre-injury information. We aimed 1) to develop an accurate in vivo canine model to measure the changes in joint loading and T2 star (T2*) relaxation time before and after unilateral supraspinatus tendon resections, and 2) to find the relationship between regional variations in articular cartilage loading patterns and T2* relaxation time distributions.

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Fibroma of tendon sheath (FTS) is a rare benign soft tissue tumor that often occurs in the upper extremities. It manifests as a slow-growing mass, often without tenderness or spontaneous pain. FTS occurs most commonly in people aged 20–40 years and is extremely rare in young children.

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The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to investigate the intrarater reliability of acromiohumeral distance measurement; (ii) to assess the level of association between acromiohumeral distance measured by ultrasonography, and the degree of supraspinatus tendon tear, in patients suffering from chronic shoulder pain.

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It is difficult to diagnose the pathology of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) clinically. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of standard non-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting LHBT pathology and identify the most useful diagnostic signs on MRI.

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Existing ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging (UTE MRI) methods require prohibitively long acquisition times (~ 20–40 min) to quantitatively assess the clinically relevant fast decay T2* component in ligaments and tendons.

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Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath is the most common form of giant cell tumors and is the second most common soft tissue tumor of the hand region after ganglion cyst. Magnetic resonance imaging is the diagnostic tool of choice for both diagnosis and treatment planning.

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The amount of fatty degeneration (FD) has major impact on the clinical result and cuff integrity after rotator cuff repair. A quantitative analysis with magnet resonance imaging (MRI) spectroscopy was employed to analyze possible correlation of FD with tendon retraction, tendon thickness and patients’ characteristics in full thickness supraspinatus tears.

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Patellar tendinopathy identified by imaging modalities has been reported in asymptomatic athletes and associated with tendon-related symptoms. However there is little data in community-based populations.

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A tenosynovial giant cell tumor (T-GCT) is a benign synovial tumor arising from the synovium, bursae, or tendon sheath. It can be intra- or extra-articular and localized or diffuse. Diffuse T-GCT is considered as a locally aggressive.

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(BQ) Part 1 of the document Introduction to musculoskeletal ultrasound getting started presents the following contents: Introduction, physics of ultrasound, understanding the equipment, image optimization, scanning techniques and ergonomics, doppler imaging, imaging tendon.

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There are only a few studies on calf muscle strength in patients with Achilles tendon disorders. Calf muscle strength has been measured after rehabilitation in pa- tients with surgically treated complete Achilles tendon ruptures4,14,15,17 and in patients with complete Achilles tendon ruptures treated either surgically or nonsurgi- cally.

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