The role of signals

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in food digestion, enhances the host's immune system, and against pathogens. Numerous studies have been conducted on the microbiota of insects in general and honeybees in particular. However, studies have primarily focused on adult honeybees, with fewer studies dedicated to larvae. Despite being within the hive, honeybee larvae still possess their distinct microbiota.

8p viling 27-09-2024 4 2   Download

The objective of this research was to determine the role of neural feedback and muscle mechanics in the generation of physiological tremor oscillation. This research developed a neuromuscular model to simulate the individual and resulting oscillatory mechanisms of tremor. The oscillations found in EMG signal were also analysed empirically from EMG data from 54 subjects using Hilbert Transform and rectification to obtain the envelope of the signal. The time between rhythmical waveform patterns in the EMG signal, TC was found to be 78ms.

117p runthenight07 01-03-2023 6 3   Download

The variations of response could be signals of tolerance or adaptive mechanisms of the leaves under the determined concentrations. Deeper anatomic and physiological studies can contribute to the explanation of the role of cell epidermis of faba bean in its adaptation to ions of cadmium.

4p mudbound 10-12-2021 14 2   Download

The objectives of the thesis: Investigate the role of A20 in regulating four physiological functions of DCs including maturation, cytokine secretion, migration and apoptosis. Investigate the effect of A20 on the regulating three molecular signals including NF-κB, STAT1 and STAT3 related to the physiological process of DCs.

27p extraenglish 24-05-2021 13 4   Download

The objectives of the thesis: Investigate the role of A20 in regulating four physiological functions of DCs including maturation, cytokine secretion, migration and apoptosis; investigate the effect of A20 on the regulating three molecular signals including NF-κB, STAT1 and STAT3 related to the physiological process of DCs.

27p capheviahe27 23-02-2021 14 4   Download

Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins modulate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling networks by terminating signals produced by active Gα subunits. RGS17, a member of the RZ subfamily of RGS proteins, is typically only expressed in appreciable amounts in the human central nervous system, but previous works have shown that RGS17 expression is selectively upregulated in a number of malignancies, including lung, breast, prostate, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

10p caothientrangnguyen 09-05-2020 13 1   Download

Productivity of important crop rice is greatly affected by salinity. The plant hormone jasmonate plays a vital role in salt stress adaptation, but also evokes detrimental side effects if not timely shut down again.

15p vishikamaru2711 29-04-2020 13 2   Download

CC-type glutaredoxins (GRXs) are plant-specific glutaredoxin, play regulatory roles in response of biotic and abiotic stress. However, it is not clear whether the CC-type GRXs are involve in drought response in cassava (Manihot esculenta), an important tropical tuber root crop.

17p vishikamaru2711 29-04-2020 13 2   Download

After completing this chapter, students will be able to: Explain the role of Physical layer protocols and services in supporting communication across data networks, describe the role of signals used to represent bits as a frame as the frame is transported across the local media, describe the purpose of Physical layer signaling and encoding as they are used in networks.

87p youcanletgo_01 04-01-2016 70 6   Download

gp130 is the common signal transducing receptor subunit of interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokines. gp130 either homodimerizes in response to IL-6 and IL-11 or forms heterodimers with the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor (LIFR) in response to LIF, oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) or cardiotrophinlike cytokine resulting in the onset of cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphorylation cascades. The extracellular parts of both gp130 and LIFR consist of several Ig-like and fibronectin type III-like domains.

11p system191 01-06-2013 43 4   Download

Connective tissue growth factor/hypertrophic chondrocyte specific gene product 24 (CTGF/Hcs24) promotes proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in culture. We investigated the roles of two major types of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the promotion of proliferation and differentiation by CTGF/Hcs24. Here we report the effects of the MAPKK/MEK 1/2 inhibitor, PD098059, and p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, in a human chondrosarcoma-derived chondrocytic cell line (HCS-2/8) and rabbit growth cartilage (RGC) cells treated with CTGF/ Hcs24....

8p system191 01-06-2013 40 3   Download

Stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) signaling plays essential roles in eliciting adequate cellular responses to stresses and proinflammatory cytokines. SAPK pathways are composed of three successive protein kinase reactions. The phosphorylation of SAPK signaling components on Ser/Thr or Thr/Tyr residues suggests the involvement of various protein phosphatases in the negative regulation of these systems.

7p research12 01-06-2013 54 4   Download

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) deficiency results in decreased retinol utilization, but it is unclear what physio-logical roles the several known ADHs play in retinoid signaling. Here, Adh1, Adh3,andAdh4null mutant mice have been examined following acute and chronic vitamin A excess. Following an acute dose of retinol (50 mgÆkg )1 ), metabolism of retinol to retinoic acid in liver was reduced 10-fold inAdh1mutants and 3.8-fold inAdh3mutants, but was not significantly reduced inAdh4mutants.

6p research12 29-04-2013 52 3   Download

Na + /K + -ATPase as an energy transducing ion pump has beenstudiedextensivelysince itsdiscovery in1957.Although early findings suggested a role for Na + /K + -ATPase in regulation of cell growth and expression of various genes, only in recent years the mechanisms through which this plasma membrane enzyme communicates with the nucleus have been studied.

6p research12 29-04-2013 31 4   Download

Stimulation with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) induces myeloid precursor cells to di€erentiate into neutrophils, and tyrosine phosphorylation of certain cellular proteins is crucial to this process. However, the signaling pathways for neutrophil di€erentiation are still obscure. As the Src-like tyrosine kinase, Lyn, has been reported to play a role in G-CSF-induced proliferation in avian lymphoid cells, we examined its involvement in G-CSF-induced signal transduction in mammalian cells....

9p research12 29-04-2013 35 4   Download

In human neutrophils, both changes in intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations, [Ca 2+ ] i , and activation of phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PtdIns3K) have been proposed to play a role in regulating cellular function induced by chemoattr-actants. In this studywe have investigated the role of [Ca 2+ ] i and its effector molecule calmodulin in human neutrophils.

10p research12 23-04-2013 42 2   Download

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling pathway plays a major role in a number of pathophysio-logical conditions. However, there have been conflicting evidences regarding the action of cAMP/PKA on nuclear factor-jB(NF-jB). Inthis study,wehaveexplored the effect of cAMP/PKA on NF-jBactivity and determined its molecular mechanism. PKA activating agents or expression of thecatalyticsubunitofPKA(PKAc) inhibitedtheNF-jB-dependent reporter gene expression induced by tumor nec-rosis factora(TNFa). ...

7p research12 23-04-2013 33 4   Download

There is much evidence to indicate that cholesterol forms lateral membranemicrodomains (rafts), and to suggest their important role in cellular signaling. However, no probe has been produced to analyze cholesterol behavior, especially cholesterol movement in rafts, in real time. To obtain a potent tool for analyzing cholesterol dynamics in rafts, we prepared and characterized several truncated fragments of h-toxin (perfringolysin O), a cholesterol-binding cytolysin, whose chemicallymodified formhas been recently shown to bind selectively to rafts. ...

9p tumor12 22-04-2013 39 5   Download

Imidazolium trans-imidazoledimethyl sulfoxide-tetrachlo-roruthenate (NAMI-A) is a novel ruthenium-containing experimental antimetastatic agent. Compelling evidence ascribes apivotal role toendothelial cells in theorchestration of tumor angiogenesis and metastatic growth, suggesting antiangiogenic therapy as an attractive approach for anticancer treatment.

10p tumor12 22-04-2013 42 2   Download

Signal sequences often containa-helix-destabilizing amino acids within the hydrophobic core. In the precursor of the Escherichia coliouter-membrane protein PhoE,the glycine residue at position)10 (Gly )10 ) is thought to be responsible for the break in the a-helix. Previously,we showed that substitution of Gly )10 bya-helix-promoting residues (Ala, Cys or Leu) reduced the proton-motive force dependency of the translocation of the precursor,but the actual role of the helix breaker remained obscure. ...

8p tumor12 22-04-2013 34 3   Download