Threonine phosphorylation
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In line with this, when we analyzed the amino acid sequence of E2F1, we found 3 hypothetical consensus PKA phosphorylation sites located at 127-130, 232-235, and 361-364 positions and RYET, RLLS, and RMGS sequences. After showing the binding and phosphorylation of E2F1 by PKA, we converted the codons of Threonine-130, Serine-235, and Serine-364 to Alanine and Glutamic acid codons on the eukaryotic E2F1 expression vector we had previously created.
18p thiencuuchu 27-11-2021 8 1 Download
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Rapid evolution of phosphorylation sites could provide raw materials of natural selection to fit the environment by rewiring the regulation of signal pathways. However, a large part of phosphorylation sites was suggested to be non-functional. Although the new-arising phosphorylation sites with little functional implications prevailed in fungi, the evolutionary performance of vertebrate phosphorylation sites remained elusive.
9p vibeauty 23-10-2021 7 1 Download
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MEK1 (MAP2K1) and MEK2 (MAP2K2) are closely related dual-specificity protein kinases which function by phosphorylating both serine/threonine and tyrosine residues of their substrates ERK1 and ERK2, controlling fundamental cellular processes that include cell growth and proliferation.
8p vimale2711 25-08-2020 15 2 Download
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Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase responsible for regulating ribosomal biogenesis and protein synthesis. Dysregulation of mTOR contributes to tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, cellular growth and metastasis but its roles in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are controversial.
17p vimale2711 25-08-2020 10 1 Download
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Calmodulin (CaM) is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by multiple protein-serine/threonine and protein-tyrosine kinases. Casein kinase II and myosin light-chain kinase are two of the well established protein-serine/threonine kinases implicated in this process. On the other hand, within the protein-tyrosine kinases involved in the phosphorylation of CaM are receptors with tyrosine kinase activity, such as the insulin receptor and the epidermal growth factor receptor, and nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases, such as several members of the Src family kinases, Janus kinase 2, and p38Syk....
13p research12 01-06-2013 43 4 Download
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Protein phosphorylation is a key mechanism for intracellular signal transduction in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Vertebrate proteins are prevalently phosphorylated on side chains that contain a hydroxyl group, such as serine, threonine and tyrosine residues. In the past decade, however, an increasing number of examples of histidine phosphorylation has been described.
5p research12 01-06-2013 49 2 Download
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Casein kinases I (CKI) are serine/threonine protein kinases widely expressed in a range of eukaryotes including yeast, mammals and plants. They have been shown to play a role in diverse physiological events including membrane trafficking. CKIa is associated with synaptic vesicles and phosphorylates some synaptic vesicle associated proteins including SV2. In this report, we show that syntaxin-1A is phosphorylated in vitro by CKI on Thr21.
6p research12 01-06-2013 37 2 Download
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Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5) is a serine/threonine kinase activated by its neuron-specific activator, p35, or its truncated form, p25. It has been proposed that the deregu-lation of Cdk5 activity by association with p25 in human brain tissue disrupts the neuronal cytoskeleton and may be involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.
8p research12 23-04-2013 30 1 Download
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Báo cáo Y học: Identification and characterization of a mammalian 14-kDa phosphohistidine phosphatase
Protein histidine phosphorylation in eukaryotes has been sparsely studied compared to protein serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation. In an attempt to rectify this by probing porcine liver cytosol with the phosphohistidine-containing peptide succinyl-Ala-His(P)-Pro-Phe-p-nitro-anilide (phosphopeptide I), we observed a phosphatase activity that was insensitive towards okadaic acid and EDTA.
8p tumor12 22-04-2013 35 1 Download
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The breakpoint cluster region protein, BCR, has protein kinase activity that can auto- and trans-phosphorylate serine, threonine and tyrosine resi-dues. BCR has been implicated in chronic myelogenous leukaemia as well as important signalling pathways, and as such its interaction with 14-3-3 is of major interest. 14-3-3sandfisoforms have been shown previously to be phosphorylatedin vitro andin vivo by BCR kinase on serine and threonine residue(s) but site(s) were not determined.
10p fptmusic 11-04-2013 27 1 Download
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Determinants for desensitization and sequestration of G protein-coupled receptors often contain serine or threonine residues located in their C-ter-mini. The sequence context, however, in which these residues have to appear, and the receptor specificity of these motifs are largely unknown.
12p awards 05-04-2013 43 2 Download
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Phosphorylation at multiple sites within the N-terminus of p53 promotes its dissociation from hdm2/mdm2 and sti-mulates its transcriptional regulatory potential. The large phosphoinositide 3-kinase-like kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene product and the ataxia telangectasia and RAD-3-related kinase promote phosphorylation of human p53at Ser15andSer20, andare required for theactivationof p53 following DNA damage.
9p awards 05-04-2013 56 4 Download
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HAND2/dHAND is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor expressed in the heart and neural crest derivatives during embryogenesis. Although dHAND is essential for branchial arch, cardiovascular and limb development, its target genes have not been identified. The regulatory mech-anisms of dHAND function also remain relatively unknown. Here we report that Akt/PKB, a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in cell survival, growth and differ-entiation, phosphorylates dHAND and inhibits dHAND-mediated transcription....
11p awards 05-04-2013 42 3 Download
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The phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of serine and threonine residues of calponin is known tomodulatein vitro its interactionwithF-actin and is thought to regulate several biological processes in cells, involving either of the calponin isoforms. Here, we identify, for the first time, tyrosine-phosphorylated calponin h3 within COS 7 cells, before and after their transfection with the pSV vector containing cDNA encoding the cytoplasmic, Src-related, tyrosine kin-ase, Fyn.
9p dell39 03-04-2013 39 3 Download
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Phosphorylation of the mycobacterial transcriptional activator, EmbR, is essential for transcriptional regulation of theembCABoperon encoding cell wall arabinosyltransferases. This signaling pathway eventually affects the resistance to ethambutol (a frontline antimycobacterial drug) and the cell wall Lipoarabinomannan⁄Lipomannan ratio (an important determinant for averting the host immune response).
11p dell39 27-03-2013 36 2 Download
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Genetic screens inDrosophilahave revealed that the serine⁄threonine kinase Hippo (Hpo) and the scaffold protein Salvador participate in a pathway that controls cell proliferation and apoptosis. Hpo most closely resembles the pro-apoptotic mammalian sterile20 kinases 1 and 2 (Mst1 and 2), and Salvador (Sav) has a human orthologue hSav (also called hWW45).
13p inspiron33 25-03-2013 31 2 Download
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DYRK1A is a dual-specificity protein kinase that autophosphorylates a conserved tyrosine residue in the activation loop but phosphorylates exoge-nous substrates only at serine or threonine residues. Tyrosine autophospho-rylation of DYRKs is a one-off event that takes place during translation and induces the activation of the kinase.
14p viettel02 20-02-2013 32 3 Download
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Serine-arginine protein kinases (SPRKs) constitute a relatively novel subfamily of serine-threonine kinases that specifically phosphorylate serine residues residing in serine-arginine⁄arginine-serine dipeptide motifs. Fifteen years of research subsequent to the purification and cloning of human SRPK1 as a SR splicing factor-phosphorylating protein have lead to the accumulation...
17p mobifone23 07-01-2013 31 3 Download
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Phosphoryl hóa các nhóm hydroxyl của serine, threonine hoặc thyrosine trong các enzyme xảy ra trong nhiều hệ thống cascade; hơn 20 enzyme được biết là những enzyme chịu phosphoryl hóa thuận nghịch bởi hệ thống tương tự như đã mô tả trong hình 9. Mỗi hệ thống này sử dụng ATP nhằm cung cấp năng lượng để duy trì lượng enzyme biến đổi tương hổ thích hợp
10p zues04 21-06-2011 106 29 Download
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Figure 80-1 Induction of p53 by the DNA damage and oncogene checkpoints. In response to noxious stimuli, p53 and mdm2 are phosphorylated by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and related ATR serine/threonine kinases, as well as the immediated downstream checkpoint kinases, Chk1 and Chk2. This causes dissociation of p53 from mdm2, leading to increased p53 protein levels and transcription of genes leading to cell cycle arrest (p21Cip1/Waf1) or apoptosis (e.g., the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Noxa and Puma).
5p konheokonmummim 03-12-2010 71 5 Download