Vocabulary size

This study has three primary objectives: firstly, to gather and analyze the diverse strategies employed by undergraduate students for acquiring new English vocabulary; secondly, to examine the vocabulary size of these university students; and finally, to investigate the impact of VLS on the overall vocabulary size of the learners.

7p viambani 18-06-2024 3 1   Download

This study aims to measure the receptive knowledge of English vocabulary of Vietnamese English-major students who had been learning the English language intensively for more than 1 year at the tertiary level.

12p viantman 07-04-2023 8 4   Download

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Quizlet online flashcards on language learners' vocabulary size. The participants were 76 English major students of three classes at pre-intermediate level using their flashcards for 11 weeks at Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment (HUNRE).

12p viindranooyi 07-05-2022 24 4   Download

In the last three iterations 23 subjects performed in all 107 dialogues with 28 different scenarios using a total of 4455 words. The constraints (1) and (2) above on vocabulary size and maximum and average user utterance length have been met. In the last iteration only 3 user utterances out. of 881 contained more than 10 tokens and the average number of tokens per user turn was 1.85.

1p buncha_1 08-05-2013 31 2   Download

We present a neural-network-based statistical parser, trained and tested on the Penn Treebank. The neural network is used to estimate the parameters of a generative model of left-corner parsing, and these parameters are used to search for the most probable parse. The parser's performance (88.8% Fmeasure) is within 1% of the best current parsers for this task, despite using a small vocabulary size (512 inputs).

8p bunthai_1 06-05-2013 39 1   Download

This paper addresses two issues concerning lexical access in connected speech recognition: 1) the nature of the pre-lexical representation used to initiate lexical lookup 2) the points at which lexical look-up is triggered off this representation. The results of an experiment are reported which was designed to evaluate a number of access strategies proposed in the literature in conjunction with several plausible pre-lexical representations of the speech input.

7p bungio_1 03-05-2013 52 2   Download

This paper describes a set of interactive routines that can be used to create, maintain, and update a computer lexicon. The routines are available to the user as a set of commands resembling a simple operating system. The lexicon produced by this system is based on lexical-semantic relations, but is compatible with a variety of other models of lexicon structure. The lexicon builder is suitable for the generation of moderate-sized vocabularies and has been used to construct a lexicon for a small medical expert system.

9p bungio_1 03-05-2013 57 2   Download

Large vocabulary continuous speech recognition of inflective languages, such as Czech, Russian or Serbo-Croatian, is heavily deteriorated by excessive out of vocabulary rate. In this paper, we tackle the problem of vocabulary selection, language modeling and pruning for inflective languages. We show that by explicit reduction of out of vocabulary rate we can achieve significant improvements in recognition accuracy while almost preserving the model size. Reported results are on Czech speech corpora. ...

6p bunbo_1 17-04-2013 40 2   Download

The noisy channel model approach is successfully applied to various natural language processing tasks. Currently the main research focus of this approach is adaptation methods, how to capture characteristics of words and expressions in a target domain given example sentences in that domain. As a solution we describe a method enlarging the vocabulary of a language model to an almost infinite size and capturing their context information.

8p hongvang_1 16-04-2013 44 2   Download

Accurately representing synonymy using distributional similarity requires large volumes of data to reliably represent infrequent words. However, the na¨ve nearestı neighbour approach to comparing context vectors extracted from large corpora scales poorly (O(n2 ) in the vocabulary size). In this paper, we compare several existing approaches to approximating the nearestneighbour search for distributional similarity. We investigate the trade-off between efficiency and accuracy, and find that SASH (Houle and Sakuma, 2005) provides the best balance. ...

8p hongvang_1 16-04-2013 47 1   Download

Empirical studies on corpora involve making measurements of several quantities for the purpose of comparing corpora, creating language models or to make generalizations about specific linguistic phenomena in a language. Quantities such as average word length are stable across sample sizes and hence can be reliably estimated from large enough samples. However, quantities such as vocabulary size change with sample size. Thus measurements based on a given sample will need to be extrapolated to obtain their estimates over larger unseen samples. ...

9p hongphan_1 14-04-2013 39 2   Download

In this paper we show how to train statistical machine translation systems on reallife tasks using only non-parallel monolingual data from two languages. We present a modification of the method shown in (Ravi and Knight, 2011) that is scalable to vocabulary sizes of several thousand words. On the task shown in (Ravi and Knight, 2011) we obtain better results with only 5% of the computational effort when running our method with an n-gram language model.

9p nghetay_1 07-04-2013 36 1   Download

Recent approaches to text classication have used two dierent rst-order probabilistic models for classication, both of which make the naive Bayes assumption. Some use a multi-variate Bernoulli model, that is, a Bayesian Network with no dependencies between words and binary word features (e.g. Larkey and Croft 1996; Koller and Sahami 1997). Others use a multinomial model, that is, a uni-gram language model with integer word counts (e.g. Lewis and Gale 1994; Mitchell 1997).

8p giamdocamnhac 06-04-2013 50 5   Download

• A size that fits your needs. You might wish to buy a hardbound dictionary to use at home when you study and a smaller paperback to keep in your backpack or briefcase for immediate reference.

10p kathy205 29-07-2010 72 9   Download

Routing is an essential element of all but the smallest data communications networks. At one level, routing and the configuration of routers are quite simple. But as internetworks grow in size and complexity, routing issues can become at once both large and subtle. Perversely, perhaps, I am grateful for the difficult problems large-scale routing can present—as a network systems consultant, these problems are my bread and butter. Without them, the phrase "You want fries with that?" could be an unfortunate part of my daily vocabulary....

607p minhtuan 10-08-2009 252 84   Download