40<br />
<br />
NG6N NGC & B61 S6NG<br />
<br />
s l l (243)-2016<br />
<br />
=<br />
<br />
INOOAI NGtJ VOl BAN NGO]<br />
<br />
A P D U N G PHirONG PHAP "HQC QUA D l / A N "<br />
TRONG GIANG DAY M 6 N "GIAO TIEP LIEN VAN HOA"<br />
BANG TIENG ANH NHU NGdN NGU* TRUNG GIAN<br />
APPLYING PROJECT-BASED LEARNING INTO TEACHING INTERCULTURAL<br />
COMMUNICATION BY MEANS OF ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA<br />
NG6HUTJHOANG<br />
(TS; Hgc vi|n Khoa hgc Xa hgi)<br />
D6THITHI5YVAN<br />
(ThS; Hgc vi^n Khoa hgc Xa hgi)<br />
Abstract: The paper is a research report of a language education method: Project-based<br />
learning in relation to intercvdtural communication training in English as an intemational<br />
language. It analyzes the three factors ofthe project, namely, people (learners); process and<br />
product in order to illustrate the project.<br />
Key words: Project-based learning; intercultural communication; English; lingua franca;<br />
learners, process, product.<br />
1. BJt vin al<br />
ngdn ngir qu6c tl trong GTLVH d Vi$t Nam;<br />
Giao tiep lien van hda (GTLVH; (3) Bio cio nghiOn cdu.<br />
intercvdtural communication) da v4 dang trd<br />
2. Cff sd li thuylt vl HQDA<br />
thinh mdn hgc bat bugc trong chuong tiinh<br />
Trii vdi phuong phip su p h ^ tmyen<br />
d4o t ^ chuyOn nganh tieng Anh nhieu nSm thing, phuong phip HQDA 14 mgt md hinh<br />
nay d cic trudng dai hgc d Vigt Nam d ci tl chde giii quyet nhihig vin dl xuit phit tir<br />
dinh do d^ hgc vi sau dai hgc. Vl y nghia vi yOu ciu thvrc tl eda ngudi hgc (Jones,<br />
mvic dieh, GTLVH da cd mgt thdi gian dii bi Rasmussen, & MofStt, 1997; Thomas,<br />
dinh ding vdi mon ngii dvmg hgc giao vin Mergendoller & Michaelson, 1999). Nd dugc<br />
hda (crosscultural pragmatics) hoae mdn dit djnh nghia nhu li mOt phuong phip hudng<br />
nude hgc (country studies) hay fliam chl li din lay ngudi hpc lim trung t4m, d dd nhiing<br />
van hda hpc (culture studies). Trong khi dd, cdng vigc/nhi$m vy cvi the dupe ngudi hgc<br />
vl bin chat, tuy cd mli quan hg nhung ein nhic vi dl xuit roi cdng nhau phSn ehia<br />
GTLVH khdng d4o t ^ kl nang dimg hgc nhigm vy vdi svr tn? giup v4 tu vin cua gido<br />
tieng Anh; nd eiing khdng day ki nang vin vien, Trong suit khda hgc (dvr in), ngudi hgc<br />
hda Anh hay Dat nude hgc Anh m4 hudng ein tvr thn kilm co hgi tiii nghiOm thvrc tl de<br />
den cung cap mOt kl nanjg dung filng Anh thu th^p Men thdc vi sau khda hpc, hp cd flil<br />
nhu ngdn ngii cOng cy dl phat Iriln nhOng sd dyng kiln thdc iy nhu mOt sin phim diu<br />
myc dich v4 ki ning khic trong boi canh gjao ra de ufng dyng vio cupe song,<br />
alp liOn van hda tien the gidi.<br />
Nhu v4y, HQDA 14 mpt qui trinh trong d6<br />
Sau khi xic dinh ban chit v4 chde ning nhilu hoat dpng dien ra cdng ldc vdi myc<br />
eda mOn hpc, chung tdi di co ging thn ra mgt dich lim cho kien thdc dupe tilp thu d trang<br />
hudng tilp c|n phu hpp, dd 14, phuong p h ^ thii "dOng" nhat de td dd, ngudi hgc cd the<br />
"Hgc qua Dvr in" (HQDA; Project-Based bien kiln thurc thinh nhihig dng dyng thvic tl.<br />
Leammg). Bii vilt niy tinh biy: (1) Co sd li Ndi cich khic, phuong phip HQDA li qui<br />
thuyet ve HQDA; (2) Tiing Anh nhu li mpt trinh t?o eo hOi toi da cho ngudi hpc khim<br />
<br />
So 1 (243)-2016<br />
<br />
NG6N NGC & Ddi S6NG<br />
<br />
phd mdn hoc thdn^ qua trdi nghi?m cfta chinh<br />
hp. Vi thi, van de nin lam gi, tgi sao lam.<br />
Idm nhu thi ndo Id do ngudi hpc dl xudt vd<br />
thyc hi^n. Ngudi dgy chi cd chftc nang tu vdn<br />
vd quan sat. Theo Carter vd Thomas (1986),<br />
vi$c thvrc hi$n m0t du dn thudng bao gdm:<br />
l ^ i a diem to chftc (thdng thudng Id ngodi<br />
ldp hpc); 2/D^ tnmg liSn nganh (tftc la phii<br />
hpp ding thdi nhilu mdn hgc); 3/Tinh tvr chft<br />
cfta ngudi hoc (Cho p h ^ ngudi hpc tvr dat ra<br />
myc tieu va hudng den m\ic ti€u d6 bdng qud<br />
trinh hpc thdng qua trai nghi$m "learning by<br />
experiencing").<br />
Theo chung tdi, chinh nhihig d§c dilm ndy<br />
chi ra II do vi sao thuat ngft "hpc" dupe sft<br />
dyng thay vi "day" theo ten cua phuong phdp<br />
HQDA. Vdi nhftng dac diem nhu the, ngudi<br />
hpc ddng vai trd chft d0ng, bupc phai trai<br />
nghi?m nhung dieu mdi bdng cdch t\t bdt tay<br />
vdo lam (learning by doing) thay vi chi don<br />
thudn tilp nh$n nhftng gj dupe gido vi6n dgy<br />
trfin ldp mOt cdch th\i dpng.<br />
3. Tieng Anh Ih mgt ngdn ngii' tmng<br />
gian trong giao tiip lien van h6a d Vi^t<br />
Nam<br />
Theo quan sdt cfta chdng t6i, hi?n dang cd<br />
it nhdt hai van dl Idn liSn quan tdi v i ^ tiing<br />
Anh dupe sft dyng nhu mdt ngogi ngft d Vi^t<br />
Nam.<br />
Thft nhdt, khSng gilng nhu hifn tupng<br />
tieng Anh dupe sft dung nhu ngdn ngft thft<br />
hai d mpt so quIc gia, tieng Anh d Vi?t Nam<br />
dugc coi nhu mpt ngogi ngft vi thi ngudi Vi$t<br />
hpc tiing Anh cd rat it co hpi dl sft dyng nd<br />
hdn^ ngdy. Dieu ndy ddng nghia vdi m^t thvrc<br />
tl rdng hp thilu s\r tilp can vdi tieng Anh<br />
bdng nhihig dau vao sdn cd ben ngoai ldp hpc<br />
nhu cdc nude khdc. Kit qua Id, ngudi Vift<br />
khdng edm thdy svr cdn thilt hay itp \\tc phdi<br />
1dm chu kl ndng giao tilp bdng tiing Anh<br />
ftong cupe sing. Tuong t\r, rdt nhilu chinh<br />
sdch gido dye ngogi ngft cdn bdt cap vd mpt<br />
s6 nguydn nhdn khdc khiln eho vipc hpc tiing<br />
Anh ciia ngudi Vift trd nen khd khdn vd<br />
khdng hifu qud.<br />
<br />
41<br />
<br />
Thft hai, ngudi Vift cd dn tupng rdng,<br />
tiing Anh Id ngdn ngft chi sft dyng dl ndi vdi<br />
ngudi n6i tiing Anh bdn ngft md dgi difn id<br />
ngudi Anh. Trong khi d6, GTLVH ngdy nay<br />
bupc hp phdi dftng tieng Anh khong ehi vdi<br />
"ngudi Anh" ma cdn vdi hau hit mpi ngudi<br />
trSn thi gidi. Vi v$y ngudi Vift e6tibeddnh<br />
mdt ca hOi dftng tiing Anh trong GTLVH, d<br />
dd su thi hifn ndng lyc giao tilp khdng phdi<br />
d cho ehung ta khdng chi diing tieng Anh vdi<br />
ngudi Anh md cdn vdi hdng ti ngudi tren thi<br />
gidi. Vi vdy, tiing Anh nSn dupe coi la mOt<br />
ngdn ngft trung gian (hay ngdn ngft ehung,<br />
ngdn ngft quIc tl), tftc Id mpt loai ngdn ngtt<br />
nhu cdng cy giao tilp cua nhftng ngudi khdc<br />
tieng m^ di trong boi ednh thi gidi todn cdu<br />
hda.<br />
4. NghiSn ciru<br />
4.1. Cde bude nghien cthi<br />
4.1.1. Thiitlppg}d thuyit<br />
Nghien cftu dd d$t ra mpt gid thuyet rdng:<br />
N g i ^ hpc khdng ed ddng lue hpc tiing Anh<br />
vl (1) Dau vdo sin cd dl sft dyng tiing Anh<br />
ngodi Idp hpc la qud thdp; (2) Quan dilm va<br />
phuong phdp dgy vd hpc tiing Anh chira phft<br />
hpp vdi dde tinh ehuyin dOng tftng ngay cfta<br />
ngdn ngft ndy nhu dd trinh bdy d myc 2. Tft<br />
dd, dl cai Ihifn tinh hlnh gidng dgy mdn<br />
GTLVH, cdn phdi cd cdch tilp can mdi. Dd<br />
chinh Id vifc sft dyng phuong phap HQDA,<br />
mpt gidi phdp thay the cdch hpc truyln thong<br />
thy dpng vd hudng din vifc ty tgo co hpi thyc<br />
hanh vd Ididm phd ciing nhu khai thdc khd<br />
nSng tilm tdng ciia ngudi hpc trong vifc thu<br />
nh|in kiln thftc deftngdyng thyc tl.<br />
4.1.2. Hinh thdnh khda hpc thi diim<br />
Bk chftng minh gid thuylt trdn Id dftng,<br />
nhdm nghien cftu dupe ph6p hinh thdnh khda<br />
hpe "GTLVH", tiii dilm gidng dgy bdng<br />
phuong phdp HQDA cho hpc vidn eao hpc<br />
theo 1$ trinh ddo tao chuydn ngdnhtiengAnh,<br />
trudng Dgi hpe Ngogi ngft, DHQG Hd NOi.<br />
4.2. Budng hudng phan tich nghiin cdru<br />
Vifc quan sdt vd phdntichdupe dya trdn 3<br />
ylu to: Con ngudi-Qud trinh-Sdn phdm.<br />
<br />
NG6NNGU'& Ddi S6NG<br />
4.2.1. vi con ngudi<br />
Day la nhdn tl chinh ciia HQDA, noi each<br />
khdc la la hpe vien tiln hdnh dy an. Tft "con<br />
ngudi" d day, theo chung tdi, la mpt thu^t<br />
i ^ khoa hpc thi hifn quan diem coi ngudi<br />
hpe 1dm trung tdm trong hirdng tidp can<br />
phuong p h ^ mdi.<br />
s l lupng hpc vidn Iham gja vao dy dn nay<br />
Id 20 sinh vien cao hpc chuyen ngdnh Tiing<br />
Anh, dupe ehia thanh 5 nhdm, moi nhdm cd 4<br />
ngudi. Hp la gido vien d nhilu cdp giang day,<br />
i ^ d i phidn dich, cdng chftc,...Lpi ich tft<br />
vifc phong phft trong nghe nghifp cfta hpc<br />
vien la hp ed CO hdi khuyech tan kinh nghifm<br />
vd nhan thftc cfta minh da dgt d u ^ sang<br />
ngudi khde mOt cdch r0ng rai sau khi khda<br />
hpc kit thftc.<br />
Tuy nhidn, kiln thftc co bdn ve ngdn ngft<br />
vd gjao tilp cfta hpc vien rat da dgng va<br />
khdng ding deu bdi hp din tft nhflng trudng<br />
d?u hpc khdc nhau thupc nhflng vftng vd quIc<br />
gia khdc nhau. Mpt vai ngudi dupe day edch<br />
tilp c ^ CO bdn, mpt vai ngudi lai thich Id<br />
ndng giao tilp nhung khdng hung thu vdi<br />
kiln thftc da vdn hda, mOt vai ngudi qua tdn<br />
siing vdn h6a Anglo-Saxon trong khi do mft<br />
vdi ngudi thi ngupe lai,.. .Vi v^y, khi hp tham<br />
gia vdo dy dn, mpt so ngudi rat gioi ngft phap<br />
vd tft vyng, mft vdi ngudi ndi nSng kha trdi<br />
chdy nhung qud quan tam ren luyfn sao cho<br />
gilng vdi ngudi bdn ngft v.v. Tdt cd d ^ thft<br />
ndy ciia hpc vien dan den m$t thyc tl Id hp<br />
g|ip khd khdn trong nhan thftc vl tiing Anh<br />
trong GTLVH.<br />
Ngudi nghidn cftu, eung la giang vidn cfta<br />
khda hpc, tat nhidn cung ndm trong tidu chi<br />
"con ngudi" nhui^ chi ddng la ngudi hS t^,<br />
ghi nhan, giup dd, dfng vien,...hem Id ngirdi<br />
cung cdp kiln thftc nhu la gjdng vien theo<br />
kieu mau truyen thli^. Nhifm vy cua ngudi<br />
nghien cuu d ddy khdng kdm phdn quan trpi^<br />
^d sy d|nh hudng, sy tu vdn edn dftng hudng,<br />
v6 tu vd quan trpng Id sy quan sat vd ghi ehdp<br />
qud trinh chuydn dpt^ cfta dy an nhdm cd<br />
nhftng bdo cdo chinh xde vl sau.<br />
<br />
S6 1 (243)-2016<br />
<br />
4.2.2. Vi qud trinh<br />
4.2.2.1. Cde budc thyv hipn<br />
4 bude quan trpng ciia khda hpc dy dn dd<br />
dupe thyc hifn la: 1/Td chftc bdi t|p Idn gIm<br />
gidi thifu kiln thftc ve mdn giao thoa vdn<br />
hda, ehia nhdm vd chft dl dya vdo sy ydu<br />
thich vd quan tdm cfta hpc vien, phdn cdng<br />
nhifm vy cho thanh vidn trong m5i nhdm...;<br />
2/Thu thap thdng tin tft nhieu nguIn khdc<br />
nhau va lya chpn edc thdng tin phft hpp;<br />
3/Phdn tich cdc dft lifu thdng tin; 4/Thuylt<br />
trinh vd thdo Iu|n bdn bdo eao culi cftng.<br />
4.2.2.2. Chi tiit cdc hogt dpng<br />
Khda hpc cd 45 gid vd dupe ehia thdnh 2<br />
phdn. Phdn ddu tidn la gidi thifu nhChig tien<br />
dd eo bdn ciia khda hpc bao gIm 10 gid hpc<br />
keo dai trong 3 tudn. Trong thdi gian dd, gido<br />
vien (ngudi nghien eiiu) cftng vdi hpc vidn s6<br />
trao dii nhihig djnh nghia ca bdn vl giao tilp,<br />
vdn hda, GTLVH, todn edu hda, d^c dilm ciia<br />
tiing Anb trong thdi todn cdu hda ciia thi<br />
gidi,...Sau dd, hpc vidn sS chpn chft dl. Vifc<br />
chpn chft de dvra vdo nhihig tieu chi sau: (a)<br />
Hudng din co hpi dl tim hieu, khdm phd vd<br />
phdn tich vl thi gidi. (b) Gdn giii vdi sy ySu<br />
thich, hftng thft cua hpc hpc vien, vd d$e bift<br />
la nhihig van de sdt sudn hdng ngdy cfta hp;<br />
(c) Chu de cd the mang Igi kinh nghifm thyc<br />
tl cho sinh vidn ngay sau khi kit thftc khda<br />
hpc (d) Tiing Anh vd tiing Vift Id phuong<br />
tifn chft ylu dk giao tilp h o ^ dl khai thdc<br />
thdng tin.<br />
<br />
Sau khi tiido lu^n, hpc vidn dd quylt ( ^<br />
chpn chft dl cho dy dn Ida* Nhpn thdc cOa<br />
ngudi Vipt Nam vi gid tri vdn hda trong vi$<br />
bdo v$ mdi trudng so sdnh vdi ngudi ddn c<br />
nude khdc tren thi gidi. Dya vdo cym t&<br />
"ngudi Vift Nam", mSi nhdm ehpn mft<br />
nhdm, cOng ding, qu|n ho$c thdnh phi cy<br />
thi,.. .dl dilu tra khdo sdt. Vdi cymtir"ngirdi<br />
dan tren thi gidi", dl so sdnh, mSi nhdm cd<br />
thi chpn bdt Id quIc gja, khu vyc ndo hp<br />
muon, d$c bift Id cdc nude chdu A. Culi<br />
<br />
s l 1 (243)-2016<br />
<br />
N G 6 N NGf & Ddi S6NG<br />
<br />
cftng, cd 4 chft de thu$c dy dn nhd phyc vy<br />
dy an Idn cdn dupe gidi quylt la:<br />
(1) Y thuc bdo vp moi trudng cua sinh<br />
vien Dgi hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi, so sdnh vdi<br />
sinh viin Afp.- Bdi hgc rut ra tir quan sdt.<br />
(2) Nhiing cd sdc vdn hoa eda ngudi<br />
phirang Tdy khi song trong moi trudng 6<br />
nhiem do ngudi Vipt Nam tgo ra: Mpt vdi<br />
ggiy di cdi thipn.<br />
(3) Tgi sao Sing-ga-po dugc eho Id mgt<br />
qudc ddo sgeh se: Bdi hgc cho Vipt Nam tit<br />
nhgn thuc bdo vp mdi trudng cua ngudi<br />
Sing-ga-po.<br />
(4) Thdm hpa 6 nhiim tiing dn: lam thi<br />
ndo di ndng eao nhgn thue vi vipe gidm bdt<br />
Igm dyng tieng cdi xe cOa ngudi Vipt Nam<br />
khi tham gia giao thong.<br />
Phdn thft hai Id qud trinh thiic hifn gIm<br />
35 gid keo ddi trong 12 tudn. Trong thdi gian<br />
ndy, mSi thanh vien trong nhdm cd 7 tudn<br />
thyc hifn dy an ngodi ldp hpc dl thyc hifn<br />
budc 2. Sau do thyc hifn bude 3. Tft tudn 8<br />
din tudn II, budc 4 dupe thye hifn. Hpc<br />
vien s6 thuylt trinh vd thdo ludn bdn bdo cao<br />
md hp da thyc hifn trong 7 tudn trudc dd.<br />
Tudn culi cftng ddnh cho vifc ddnh gid.<br />
4.2.3. Vi sdn phdm<br />
Bang *hanh dpng" de tiep cgn vdn de,<br />
trong 15 tudn thyc hanh, sinh vidn khdng chi<br />
hpc dupe nhthig kiln thirc vd ylu t l quan<br />
trpng cfta ehuong trinh hpe truydn thing ydu<br />
cdu md edn hpc them nhilu tft nhftng gj hp<br />
trdi nghifm trong qud trinh thye hifn dy an<br />
ngodi ldp hpc. Hpc vien ed thi quan sat<br />
thdng tin dgt dupe vd van dl cfta m$t qudc<br />
gia vd the gid trong qu5 trinh todn cau hda,<br />
tft dd, c6 nhihig suy nghi vd gpi y each thftc<br />
gjdi quylt vdn dd.<br />
4.2.31. KT ndng GTLVH<br />
Hpc vien thu dupe kiln thftc tft gia tri van<br />
hda va hanh dOng hudng tdi vifc bdo vf mdi<br />
trudng giu^ cdc nin vdn hda, hiiu vl nhflng<br />
vdn de dira vdo nhfhig mli tuong lidn gifta<br />
cde nin vdn hda vd cd mft cdch bilu sdu sde<br />
ve boi canh todn cdu: mpi hdnh dfng cfta eon<br />
<br />
43<br />
<br />
ngudi cd tac dpng va dnh hudng din nhau.<br />
Nhihig hdnh vi vd boat dfng cfta con ngudi<br />
khdng chi cdn dupe bdo vf md cung cdn<br />
phdn tich ddnh gid dl loai bd nlu nhu nd<br />
mang lgi nhihig dnh hudng khdng tot tdi<br />
cupe song cfta cpng ding vd khdng phft hpp<br />
vdi vdn minh rihdn logi. Do dd, hpc vien<br />
hiiu rdng nhChig hdnh vi xd hOi md ngudi<br />
Vift Nam tdc dpng tdi mdi tnrdng khdng<br />
nhihig cdn dupe chl ra Id khdng dung md cdn<br />
can dupe chinh siia bo^c lo?i bd dya theo<br />
cdch thftc md ddt nude Sing-ga-po da tiiyc<br />
hifn (vd cd thi ndi la) dd rdt thdnh edng.<br />
Mdt dilu quan trpng vd rdt cd ^ nghia Id<br />
dy an dS eho hpc vien nh$n thfte dupe rdng<br />
nhftng ^ can dupe tuydn truyln khdng ehi<br />
trong m0t nhdm nhd md cdn tdi mpi nhan td<br />
trong xd hpi. Tft dd, hp c6 gdng dp dyn^<br />
nhChig gj hpe dupe tft khda hpe eho dat<br />
nude, noi minh sinh song. Hon thi nfla, ho<br />
bilu dupe nhChig khdi nifm vl vdn hda, vdn<br />
minh cd ^ nghia gdn gfli vdi nhau nhung<br />
cung khdc nhau nhilu vl nhieu m$t. Vi dy,<br />
khi quan sat cdch nhftng ngirdi tft nhftng ddt<br />
nude khdc nhau tham gia giao thdng qua<br />
nhilu kdnh k h ^ nhau (phim dnh, internet,<br />
thu thap y kien cua chinh ngudi nude<br />
ngodi,...), hpc vien cd thi phdt hifn ra cdch<br />
ngudi Vift sft dyng cdi xe Id mpt hanh vi<br />
vdn hda tieu cyc, phuong hai din vdn minh<br />
hifn dgi, gay ra nhilu dnh hudng khdng tit<br />
tdi cpng ddng va bp m$t vdn hda cua dan<br />
tpc. Vd vdn hda trong trudng hpp nay ciia<br />
ngudi Vift Nam di ngupe lgi vdi khdi nifm<br />
'Vdn minh".<br />
Tft nhdn thfte mdi md tren, hpc vidn nhgy<br />
ben hon vdi nhflng vdn de Udn quan tdi sy<br />
phd hfty mdi tnrdng, va suy nghl vl cdch logi<br />
bd nd dk bdo vf vd phdt tridn nai hp dang<br />
s6ng va hpc t ^ . Ngudi Phdp ed edu: "Cd<br />
udc muon, b^n dd cd mpt nita cfta thdnh<br />
edng". Can hdi dat ra la khi md hpc vidn da<br />
ed **iidc muon", hp ed the 1dm the ndo de dgt<br />
dupe nira cdn Igi?^ Cdu tra ldi Id cdn hdnh<br />
dOng nhieu hem bdng cdch ndng cao nhgn<br />
<br />
44<br />
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NG6N NGtr & D6I S6NG<br />
<br />
thftc vl nS lyc hpp tdc cua nhihig ngudi song<br />
xung quanh hp. Cdng cd nhieu ngudiftnghp,<br />
mdi trudng sd dupe cai thif n tit hem. Nhflng<br />
vdn dl ndy khdng thi thilu sy phdn tich vd<br />
hpe hdi Idii cp xdt vdi nhihig nen vdn hda<br />
khdc.<br />
4.2.3.2. KT ndng tiing Anh<br />
Vd Id ndng thue hdnh tieng Anh, dac bift<br />
Id Id ndng nghe ndi dd cd nhflng tiln bp rd<br />
rft V! hp cd dpng ca vd cam thdy thft vj khi<br />
tim din de tiep xftc vdi nguin nude ngodi<br />
ngay tai nude ndnh. Nhu da bilt, hpc vidn<br />
khdng ed nhilu co h0i ty nhien dl tham gia<br />
vdo nbihig hogt dfng giao tilp thyc te nen<br />
nhftng CO hfi ty tao trong phgm vi dy an da<br />
giftp hp cai thifn kha ndng giao tilp, ddc bift<br />
Id kl ndng dpc vilt dupe cai thifn rat nhieu<br />
nhd qua trinh chudn bi cho thdo luan vd<br />
thuyet trinh ve edeh vdn dl ma hp phai bdo<br />
cdo.<br />
Mdt dilu d$c bift ia hpc vien bdt ddu hinh<br />
thdnh thdm nhilu nhihig nhgn thftc mdi vl<br />
vifc sft dyng tiing Anh. Dd Id nhan thftc vl<br />
tiing Anb da vd dang dupe quIc tl hda trong<br />
bli canh the gidi Id ngdi Idng todn cdu<br />
(global village). Nhd cd sy kit noi vdi nhieu<br />
ngudi thufc nhilu quIc gia trong dy an, hpe<br />
vidn khdm phd ra rdng tieng Anh md hp sft<br />
dyng vd tilp nh§n tft ngudi ndi la de bilu vd<br />
dl hda hpp ban la "tiing Anh giong nhu<br />
ngudi Anb". Tft dd, hp ty tm hon de giao<br />
tilp. Nhan thftc nay ngdy edng ro rdng hon<br />
vd hinh thdnh mpt quan dilm ma nhu<br />
Jenkins (2003) da phdt bilu, vifc sft dyng<br />
tiing Anh trong the gidi ngdy nay gifta cdc<br />
ddn tpc vdi nhau ehi Id "khdc bift" chft<br />
khdng phdi Id sy "dung sai". KI ndng diln<br />
ngdn cfta phdn Idn hpc vidn eung phdt triin<br />
khdng chi tft nhihig cdu don chudn mvrc md<br />
cdn Id sy kit nii y tudng hinh thanh cd f<br />
ngbia vdn bdn.<br />
4.2.3.3. KT ndng nghien cdu.<br />
Hpc vien nSng cao dupe hogt dfng hpe<br />
thudt thdng qua vifc khdm phd va khai thdc<br />
ngudn tdi lifu md hp tilp cgn, phdt triin vd<br />
<br />
So 1 (243)-2D16<br />
<br />
sft dyng kiln thftc lien nganh (ngon ngft, vdn<br />
hda, nhdn chiing hpc, vdn hda, xa hfi<br />
hpc,...) hon rdt nhilu so vdi trudc. Hp Wnh<br />
thdnh nhflng chu trinh nghidn cftu vdi kinh<br />
nghifm: thvrc hifn dy dn ngodi ldp hpe bdng<br />
cdch quan sdt sy vifc vd thu th§p dft lifu vd<br />
trinh bdy nhfhig ^ hp dd 1dm vd thilt kl mft<br />
chuoi cdc cdu hdi phy dl thdo lu§n vd hanh<br />
ludn khi trd lgi ldp hpe. Thdm vdo dd, sinh<br />
vidn bdt ddu 1dm quen vdi vide thu th?ip<br />
nhihig thong tin bl ich va phft hpp vl van de<br />
mdi trudng cfta quIc gia vd toan edu tir<br />
nhihig nguon thdng tin da dgng (phdng vk<br />
ngudi nude ngoai cd m^t tgi Vift Nam, phim<br />
truyfn, phim tdi lifu, internet,...).<br />
4.2.3.4. KTndng lam vipe nhdm<br />
Gan nhu tdt cd hpc vidn, khdng kl den<br />
ndng lyc ngdn ngft, dd phdt triin dupe ki<br />
ndng hpp tdc ddng kl. Sau khi thyc hifn d\r<br />
dn, hp da nhgn ra rdng Id mft thdnh viSn<br />
trong mpt nhdm diu ed mft nghia vy nhdt<br />
dinh va nhgn thftc. "Tdi Id mft phdn ciia hf<br />
thing, la mdt xich quan trpng ciia ehu5i ho^t<br />
dfng. NIU mdt xich ay bi phd v5, todn bf hf<br />
thing cung s5 syp do". Phdn Idn hpc viSn<br />
deu ed the nang cao ki ndng hpp tdc bdng<br />
vifc ed trdeh nhifm vdi nhifm vy dupe giao,<br />
tdn trpng ngudi khdc, tuan thft nhftng quy<br />
dinh vd nghia vy trong nhdm. Tft dd hp biet<br />
dupe cdch gidi quylt nhflng y kiln mdu<br />
thuan trong nhdm.<br />
5. Kit lu^n<br />
Nhu da ndi tren, phuong phdp HQDA de<br />
ra mpt cdch dgy "mang tinh thyc ngjiif ra"<br />
hoae ndi cdch khdc la hudng den phuong<br />
phdp su phgm "hpc qua trdi nghifm"<br />
(learning by eJtperiencing/doing) bao gIm<br />
cdc lpi ich Id: 1/Rdn luyfn khd ndng ty dinh<br />
hudng, ty nghidn cftu cho ngudi hpc; 2/Thiic<br />
ddy 1dm vifc, hpp tdc, kl ndng gjao tiep<br />
tiong hodn ednh GTLVH; 3/Tgo co hpi cho<br />
ngudi hpe tilp c|to vk trinh bdy nhflng trdi<br />
nghifm vd ^ tudi^ mdi; 4/Phdt triin kl ndng<br />
hpp tac nhdm, tu duy phe phdn, gidi quyet<br />
vdn de; 5/Cung cap cho ngudi hpc ki ndng<br />
<br />
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