Báo cáo "Hai mươi năm quan hệ Pháp – Việt Nam (1975 - 1995) (Phần một) "

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HAI MUOI NAM QUAN HE P H A P - V I E T NAM (1975 - 1995) (Phdn mdt) Nguyen Thj Hanh Ldi Toa soan: Viet Nam vd Phdp la hai quoc gia ndm cdch xa nhau vi mat dja ly vd khdc biet ve vdn hod. Mac du vgy, trong ljch sir phdi trien cua minh, cd hai nudc dd cd nhii mdi quan hi tir rdt sdm. Mdi quan he do mang nhieu tinh chdt, dgc diem khdc nhau luy vdo timg (hdi ky: khi Id mdi quan he cua ke di xdm luge vd ngudi bj xdm luge, khi la quan he cua ke Ihdng trj vd ngudi bi tri, khi lgi Id quan he binh ddng, hgp Idc giua hai qudc gia dgc lap CO chu quyen vd cd dnh huang qua lgi lan nhau trong lich su ciia mdi nudc. Ngdy 12/4/197 Phdp vd Viet Nam thiit lap quan he ngogi giao chinh thuc a cdp Dai su. Ndm 1975. Viet Na gidnh dgc lap vd thdng nhdt hodn todn. quan hi Viet Nam vd Phdp cUng cd diiu kiin de phd trien. Mac dii vdy. do dnh hudng cua nhieu yeu to trong nudc cUng nhu qudc te. nen quan Viet Nam - Phdp cimg trai qua nhieu budc thdng Irdm a mdi giai dogn, mdi thai ki khdc nha va no phdn dnh quan he qudc te ciing nhu cdc vdn di lrong limg thai ki. Quan hi Viet Nam Phdp giai dogn 1975-1995 cd nhieu budc thdng trdm vd cd mite do khdc nhau tren nhiiu IT vuc, dugc chia ra ldm bdn giai dogn nhd: 1975-1977. 1977-1981, 1981-1989 vd 1989-199 Bdy Id bdi viet ddi. chung tdi chia thdnh hai sd, mdi bgn dgc chit y ddn xem. truyen thdng giiia hai nudc'. Tiep ngay sau 1. Giai doan 1975-1977: Thdi ki md do, ngdy 25/11/1975, phdi dodn ciia Bd dau tot dep cua moi quan he Phap - Vict Ngoai giao Phap den Viet Nam nham thao Chidn thdng miia Xuan 1975 da md ra ludn, trao ddi va tim each gidi quydt nhung mdt trang sir mdi ddi vdi dan tdc Viet Nam vdn dd vd Phdp kidu, cdc xi nghiep cua Phdp ndi chung vd lich sir quan he Phdp - Viet d mien Nam. Hai ben thdo ludn va thdng Nam ndi ridng. Viec Viet Nam gidnh thdng nhdt vd cdch gidi quyet nhiing cdng vide cdn Igi hoan todn vd thdng nhdt ddt nudc da md thiet, cap bdch trudc mdt nhu didu kien sinh ra mdt con dudng mdi trong quan he ngogi sdng cua nhiing ngudi Phdp d Vidt Nam, edn giao. Ngay sau khi mien Nam hodn todn giai nhiing vdn dd khdc vd kinh te phiic tap hon phdng, 2/9/1975, Phdp dd cir mgt doan dai hai bdn thdng nhdt se trao ddi vd giai quydt bieu do Bd trudng Bd Gido due dan ddu sang timg budc mdt. Cdc cudc tidp xiic nay the tham Viet Nam. Mae dii chua dd cgp den hidn sy mong mudn hgp tdc d cd hai phfa mdt van dd cu thd ndo trong chinh sdch giiia Viet Nam vd Phdp. Ve phia minh, mac du hai nudc, song chuyen thdm ndy Id mgt tin cudc khdng chidn chdng My da hodn thdnh. hieu dang mimg, ciing Id tin hieu eho thdy Viet Nam vd Phdp cd khd nang hgp tae trong ' B^o cao tiip xuc ciia Thii tuong Pham Van D6ng iTnh v u c ffiao d u e t r e n c-a
60 NGHIEN CCU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°4 (139|.2012 ddt nudc thdng nhdt song Vigl Nam cung Tdng cudng quan hg vdi Viet Nam giup phdi ddi mdt vdi rat nhieu klid khdn vd thir Phdp giii vQ-ng vd md rgng hon niia anh thach mdi ndy sinh d cd trong nude vd qu6c hudng ddi vdi khu vyc Ddng Nam A vd ca Id. Tinh hinh dat nude het sire khd khdn do the gidi thii ba, Vigc Phdp lang cudng quan chien tranh, sy giiip dd to Idn cua Trung hg vdi Vigt Nam cd cdc didu kign thudn lgi, Quoc C bdn khdng cdn nira bdi mau thuan O bdi ngoai moi quan hg truyen thdng Idu ddi Xd-Trung ngdy cdng trd nen gay gdi vd dd thi dnh hudng ciia Phdp ddi vdi xd hdi Vi?l xuat hidn nhChig rgn nirt Idn trong quan hg Nam cdn Idn: mgt the hg lri thirc Viet Nam giiia Viet Nam vd Trung Qudc. Bdn cgnh dd, duge tiep cgn vd ydu thich nen van hoa Phap, vigc My ngay lap tiic thyc hi?n chinh sach su dyng thdng thgo tieng Phdp v.v. Tren co bao vdy, cd lap Viet Nam khidn tinh hinh sd dd, cd Phdp vd Viet Nam deu chu trgng cdng trd nen khd khdn hon. Dd bdo v | nen thlic ddy mdi quan he song phuang. dgc lap cua minh vd phdt trien dat nudc, Viet Thang I I/I976, ngay sau khi hoan Nam mdt mdt tdng cudng xiic lien cdc mdi ihdnh su nghidp ihdng nhdt ddt nudc. Viet quan he vdi cdc nudc trong khu vyc, thiet lap Nam da lidn hanh chuyen thdm ehinh thiic quan he song phucmg vdi timg nudc trong td ddu tidn sang Phdp do Bg trudng Ngogi giao chirc ASEAN, mat khdc lim cdch tiep xiic Nguyen Co Thgch dan ddu. Muc dich eua vdi cdc nudc phuang Tdy md eiia ngo duy chuydn thdm ndy la 'tdng cudng su hgp tdc nhdt liic bdy gid Id nude Phdp. Do vdy, chinh giira Viet Nam vd Phdp md dgc biet lrong sdeh cua Vidt Nam ddi vdi Phdp Id thiic day ITnh v\tc hgp tdc kinh ti.'^ Trong ehuydn di quan he, coi trgng va mong mudn cd quan he nay, vdn de ve quydn Igi kinh Id ciia Phap d tdt vdi Phdp. Chfnh sach ndy phii hgp vdi mien Nam dugc mang ra trao ddi vd nhidu chii trucmg ddi ngogi ciia Phap ddi vdi Ddng bien phdp gidi quydt da dgt dugc su thoa Duong bdi trong ljch sir, Phdp chua bao gid thudn d cd hai phia. Didu ndy ddt nen cd y djnh tir bd quydn lgi ciia minh d khu mdng cho mdi quan he ciia hai nudc d giai vyc ndy. Mdt khdc, sy riil lui ciia My da tgo doan sau. ra mgt khodng trdng quyen lyc, khuydn khich cae cudng qudc quan tdm den khu vye Mdi quan he giiia Viet Nam vd Phap ndy nhieu ban. Didu ndy vira Id co hgi vd lai thue sy ddnh ddu mdt budc phat tridn manh vira la thach thuc ddi vdi vide Phdp mudn me sau chuyen thdm chinh thirc ciia lanh dao dua dnh hudng ciia minh quay trd lai khu cao cdp chinh phu Viet Nam tdi Phdp. Tii vuc nay. Ben cgnh dd, Viet Nam lai Id nudc ngay 25 ddn ngdy 30/4/1977, nhgn Idi mdi c6 vai trd quan trgng trong khu vuc va cd uy cua chinh phii Phap, Thu tudng Phgm Van tin trong nhdm cdc nudc dang phat tridn. Le Monde, Une delegation gouvernementde vietnamienne en visile en France, le 1 novembre ^ Lucmg Ninh (chu bien), Ljch su Dong Nam A, Nhi 1976. (Bdo Le Monde. Chuvin tham riin ohdi doan xuSt ban Giao dye. Ha Npi, 2005, tr.476.
"SCai inu'O'i nam quan he... 61 Ddng da thyc hidn chuyen thdm chfnh thiic ngogi giao het siic thdnh cdng bdi sau tdi Phap. Trong chuyen di ndy, Phdp va Vigt chuydn di ndy, uy lin ciia Viet Nam tren Nam dd ky nhieu hidp djnh quan trgng: trudng qude td dugc nang len. Mdi quan he ''Hiep dinh hgp tdc kinh te vd cdng nghiep". tdt dgp vdi Phap Id nhan td quan trgng tdc 'Hiep dinh ve vdn hod, khoa hgc vd kT thudr dgng tdi thdi dg ciia cdc nude tu ban Au-My: va dac biet hai ben da ky tdt mdt Nghi djnh Anh, Tdy Diic td y muon rd ret cdi thien thu Tai chinh vdi ndi dung Id ehinh phii Phdp quan he vdi Viet Nam trong khi My, Nhat ddng y giup cho Viet Nam 458 trigu francs, Bdn lgi td ra lo Idng trude tien trien tdt dep trong dd khodn lien tang Id 78 trigu francs. cua moi quan he ndy. Tuy nhidn, ngay sau Chuyen thdm nay dugc cd hai bdn ddnh gia dd, nhthig bdt ddng giiia Viet Nam vd Phdp la md ra "nhung su hap tdc mdi ciia mgi giai ve vdn de Campuehia da khidn cho nhirng dogn mdi" trong mdi quan he giiia Phdp vdi hidp dinh dugc ky kdt giiia Phdp vd Viet Viet Nam"*. Phia Viet Nam bdy td mong Nam khdng dugc thye hien mdt each hieu mudn ^'sdn sdng hap tdc vdi Phdp tren mgi qud. Qud trinh binh thudng hod quan he giiia linh vuc md trudc het Id tren linh vuc kinh le Viet Nam vdi cdc nudc tu bdn phuang Tdy vd vdn hod."' Cd the thdy rang, budc phdt ciing bi chiing lai. Viet Nam bi cd lap ve trien mdi trong quan he hgp tdc giiia Viet ngoai giao vd didu ndy dnh hudng khdng nhd Nam vd Phdp d thdi ky ndy Id mdt ddu hidu tdi quan he Phdp-Viet. tdt ddi vdi Viet Nam vd nd tgo didu kien cho cd hai ben. Mdt mat, Viet Nam dang mudn 2. Giai doan 1977-1981: Thol ky tram tranh thii su ung hd ciia Phdp trong nliiing lang cua moi quan he Phap-Vi^t cugc ddm phdn giiia dai didn ciia chinh phii Tren thyc td, mdi quan he nay vira khdi Viet Nam vd chinh phii My vd vide gidi ddu tdt dep lgi bj dnh hudng bdi nhiing didn quyet nhirng hau qua sau chidn tranh. Mat bidn khdng thuan lgi ciia linh hinh qudc Id vd khdc, Phdp cung mudn trd thdnh trung gian khu vyc. Quan he Viet Nam vdi Campuehia trong vide giai quydt vdn de ndy nham md vd Trung Qudc ngdy mdt xau di, nhdt Id khi rdng dnh hudng d khu vye Ddng Nam A. Do Viet Nam ngdy cdng trd nen thdn thidt vdi do, Paris da trd thdnh noi md cd hai phdi Lien Xd trong liic mdu thuan Xd-Trung ngay doan Viet Nam va My gap nhau de bdn bac. cdng trd nen gay gat. Tir cudi ndm 1977, tinh hinh bien gidi Viet Nam - Campuehia vd Cudc di tham Phap ciia Thii ludng Phgm bien gidi Viet Nam - Trung Qudc trd ndn Vdn Ddng dugc ddnh gia Id mdt hogt ddng cdng thing. Xung dot bien gidi nd ra giiia Viet Nam vdi Campuehia vd Trung Qudc dd Michel Strulovici Nouveaux rapports d'une nouvelle khidn tinh hinh khu vyc trd ndn mdt dn djnh. epoque, Le Monde, le 30 avril 1977. (Nhirng quan h$ Dinh didm ciia mdu thuan khu vuc nd ra khi mai trong mgl thai ky moi, bdo Le Monde, ngdy 30/04/1977). Viet Nam dua qudn tinh nguydn vao
62 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°4 (139).2012 Campuehia tieu digt lgp dodn phdn dgng phdn vinh, khdng cd su can thi^p cua nudc Khmc Dd, giup nhdn ddn Campuehia thdnh ngodi. mong mudn ASEAN bao gdm cd ba lap chinh quyen cdch mgng vd sau do quan nudc Ddng Duang vd Miin Diin ", Phap dgi Viet Nam tiep tuc cd m^t d Campuehia chii truong ddng vai trd trung gian, tham gia theo thod ihugn ciia "Hi^p udc hod binh, hiru vdo vi$c giai quyet cdc vdn dd d Ddng Nam nghi vu hgp tdc'" ky bdi hai nudc ngdy A nhdm quay trd igi dnh hudng cua minh d 18/1/1979. Su cd mdt cua qudn dgi Vict Nam Ddng Duong. Chii truong dd dugc the hien d Campuehia, ciing vdi sy ed mdt ciia Lien trong chuydn cdng du ciia Ngoai trudng Xd d Afganixlan dd khidn cac nudc lrong Phdp ldi nhidu nudc Ddng Nam A, trong dd khu \uc vd cdc nudc Tay Au lo nggi sy md cd Vigt Nam vdo thdng 9/1978. Chuydn dl rgng dnh hudng ciia phe xd hgi chu nghTa nhdm thyc hidn mgt chidn luge ngogi giao, trong bdi cdnh cugc Chidn tranh Lgnh dang d the hign quan diem ciia Phdp phdn ddi su can giai doan cdng thdng. Cac nudc lrong khu thigp ciia cac cudng qudc vao khu vuc. Quan vyc vd hau het cdc nudc tu bdn Idn dn Viet didm nay dugc thd hidn rd net trong bdi phat Nam xdm luge Campuehia, doi Vidt Nam bieu ciia Bg trudng Ngogi giao Phdp De phdi rill quan vd nudc v.v. Viet Nam bj roi Guiringaud d Thai Lan. vdo thd bj bao vdy, cd lap vd chfnh trj vd kho Ngdy 6/9/1978, Bd trudng Ngogi giao khdn vd cung ve kinh td. Phdp De Guiringaud cd chuydn thdm ehinh Bdi cdnh do da anh hudng tryc tiep tdi thuc tdi Vigt Nam. Chuydn thdm dien ra quan he giiia Phdp vd Viet Nam. Cung nhu lrong bdi canh khu vyc het sue phiic tap: cdc nudc tu ban phuong Tay khdc, Phap len Quan he giira Viet Nam vdi Tnmg Qudc, tidng phdn ddi hanh ddng ciia Viet Nam ddi Viet Nam vdi Campuehia ngay cdng trd nen vdi Campuehia vd ydu cdu Viet Nam phdi riil cdng thdng do vice Trung Qudc mudn md qudn ve nudc. Ddng thdi, hang loat cdc hidp rgng dnh hudng d khu vuc Ddng Nam A. djnh ky kdt trudc dd khdng dugc thyc hidn. Trong cugc gdp gd nay; Bd trudng Ngoai Tuy nhidn, khdng gidng nhu mgt sd nude giao Nguyen Duy Trinh dd bdy td sy phan khdc trong thdi diem bdy gid la gidm thidu ddi ciia Viet Nam ddi vdi viec md rdng anh quan he ngogi giao vd cd lap ve kinh td, Phdp hudng d khu vuc ciia Trung Qudc, ddng thdi Id nudc tu bdn phuong Tay duy nhat van duy tri quan he vdi Viet Nam bdi Phdp lim thdy d Dong chf Mai Van Bp, Vy tru-dfng Vu Chau Au 2 vk ddy nhijng co hgi khdng the bd Id. Tidp tuc dong chf Phjim Bang tiSp cdc dai dien ciia Phdp tir Il/1970dln6/1978, H 6 S O 5 9 , Chau Au2, BpNgo?i phdt huy chinh sdch ciia Charles De Gaulle Giao. dd tuyen bd ndm 1966 ddi vdi khu vyc Ddng ' Le Monde, Le minislre vietnamien des affaires etrangeres denonce I' expansionisme' et le Nam A: "Phdp mudn Ddng Nam A ludn Id 'chauvmisme' de Pekin\ (A.F.P), le 8 septembre mgi khu vuc hod binh, trung lap, dn dinh, 1978. (Bdo Le Monde, BQ iru&ng Ngogi giao Vi^l Nam to cdo Bac Kinh "banh trudng" vd "c\fc doaif\
5i5«/ inu'O'i uani quan fie... 63 thS hien mong mudn xdy dung mgt khu vuc Mac dil cd nhiing budc phat trien mdi Ddng Nam A tin edy, ben viing, hod binh vd trong ITnh vyc quan he ngogi giao trong trung Idp.^ Phia Viet Nam mudn nhan dip nhiing ndm dau sau khi thong nhat, song trdn nay tranh thu su iing hg cua Phdp trong vide thyc Id, sy hgp tdc ve kinh le chua thye sy ed giai quydt nhirng bdt ddng. Vdn dd thii hai hieu qud nhu mong mudn ciia cd hai phia. dugc dd cap trong chuydn gap gd nay la viec Mdt trong nhiing khd khan Id su bat ddng xiic tidn mdi quan he giiia Viet Nam va giiia Vigt Nam vd Trung Qudc ngdy cang Phap, bdi trong bdi cdnh phire tgp bdy gid thi tdng dd ngdn cdn sy xiic lidn hgp tdc mdt viec tang cudng dugc mdi quan he vdi Phdp cdch cd hidu qud. Them vao do, vide Viet se Id mgt ydu td thudn lgi cho Vidt Nam. Nam ngdy cdng thdt chat hon mdi quan he vd nhdn ngdy cdng nhieu hon su giiip dd cua Vd phfa Phdp, Bd trudng Ngogi giao Lien Xd vd khdi cdc nudc XHCN dd khdi Phdp iing hg lap trudng ciia Viet Nam trong phuc ddt nudc dd Id trd nggi ddi vdi mdi viec xay dung mdt khu vyc Ddng Nam A quan he Viet Nam-Phdp trong bdi cdnh thd hoa binh trung lap vd nhdt Id khdng ed su gidi didn dang ra cudc Chien tranh Lanh vdi can Ihiep cua cdc cudng qudc ben ngodi. Bd sy ddi dau eiia hai khdi Ddng vd Tdy. trudng cam ket se cd gdng thue ddy hon nua su hgp tde ddi vdi Viet Nam trong mgi khd 3. Giai doan 1981-1989: Thoi ky hdi nang cd thd. Phia Phdp thd hien thdi do trung phuc moi quan hd Phap - Vidt d miic do " lap ddi vdi nhiing bat ddng giira Viet Nam nhat dinh va Trung Qudc. Ddy la giai doan ma quan he Viet Nam Trong chuydn gap gd Ian ndy, cd hai ben vd Phdp, bdt chdp nhirng khd khan vd trd cung thao ludn thdm nhidu van de nhu : van ngai cua tinh hinh qudc Id vd khu vyc, van de hdi huong Phap kieu, giai quydt nhiing phdt tridn d miic do nhdt djnh. Tuy nhien, sy khuc mdc vd van dd kinh Id v.v. Phdp bay td phdt tridn ndy khdng ddng ddu trdn tdt cd cdc quan diem ung hd Viet Nam gia nhap Lien ITnh vyc ma "phuc hdi chdm chgp" trong hgp qudc. quan he kinh td-chinh trj va phdt tridn tuong ddi mgnh trong hgp tdc vdn hod, khoa hge - Viee Bd trudng Ngogi giao Phdp tdi kT thudt. tham Viet Nam trong boi canh Viet Nam bi C lap thd hien rd y mudn duy tri mdi quan O * Quan hi kinh ti- chinh tri he bdn viing giUa hai nudc ciing nhu lap Nam 1981, tinh hinh chinh tri nudc trudng nhdt qudn cua Phdp lrong chinh sdch Phap cd nhiing bidn ddi sau sdc. Cudc khung ddi ngoai ddi vdi Viet Nam. hoang kinh td, nhiing khd khan ma nudc Le Monde, Le minislre vietnamien des affaires ' Le Monde, M. de Guiringgaud a Hanoi, le 6 elrnnoofai. J"-. '' •' ' septembre 1978. (Bdo Le Monde, Ngai De Guirinseaud tdi tham Ha Noi, ngdy 06/09/1978).
64 NGHIEN CCru CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°4 (139).2012 Phdp phdi doi mdt trong sudt ihdp ky 70 ciia lrong quan hg hgp tdc kinh le giiia Viet Nam the ky XX dd dua den sy thay doi tren cUiiih vd Phdp sau mgt thdi gian dinh trd bdi nhimg trudng nudc Phdp vd dieu ndy cd dnh hudng bat dong ve vdn dd Campuehia. khdng nhd tdi chfnh sdch eiia Phdp doi vdi Myc tidu cua Phap lrong vide chii dgng cdc nudc dang phdt trien. Ngdy 10/5/1981, dc nghj Wj/ Nghj djnh thu hgp tdc Kinh te len Dang Xd hgi Phap thdng cir vd len ndm tdi 200 trigu francs la nhdm khdng de cho quydn, ndi ede dugc thdnh lap vdi sy cd mdt Vigt Nam qud phu thu^c vdo Lidn Xd va ciia nhieu thdnh vien thugc Dang Cgng sdn khoi cdc nudc xa hgi chti nghTa. Tren thuc le, Phdp Id mdt lin higu dang mirng ddi vdi Vicl Phdp cung nhgn ra rdng vide cdc nudc Nam. Ngay sau dd, chinh sdch ngogi giao phuong Tdy cd lap Vigt Nam chi cang day eiia Phdp ddi vdi Vigt Nam c6 sy thay ddi. cac nudc Vigt Nam, Lao, Campuehia ve phfa Mgt 'bdu khdng khi mdi' dugc bdt dau md Lien Xd, didu md trong bdi cdnh cugc Chien bieu hien ddu lien Id hai nghj djnh thu dugc tranh Lgnh dang d giai doan cang thdng thi ky kdt giira Viet Nam va Phap: Nghj djnh thu ddy chinh la yeu td bdt lgi ddi vdi cdc nudc vi Tdi chinh va Nghi dinh thu ve Ngoai giao. phuong Tdy ndi chung va Phap ndi rieng Ngdy 23 thdng 12 ndm 1981, Viet Nam trong vide duy tri va md rgng dnh hudng 6 vd Phdp ky Nghj dinh thu ve Tdi chinh sau 4 khu vuc Ddng Nam A. Mdt khdc, Phap mudn ndm ngdt quang (Nghj djnh thu vd Tdi chinh sir dyng "Id bdi kinh ti'* de tgo siic ep vdi eudi ciing dugc ky vdo ndm 1977). Phdp cam Vigt Nam trong vide gidi quydt van de ket danh cho Vidt Nam 200 tridu francs'** vdi Campuehia. Phia Phdp khdng che ddu quan muc dfch giiip Vi$t Nam phdt trien thdng qua diem ciia minh, gdn vign trg va hgp tdc kinh cdc dy dn ndng nghigp vd cdng nghigp song td vdi vigc gidi quyet vdn de Campuehia: "StJt song vdi vide tidp tyc hgp tdc lrong ITnh vyc giiip da lo lan vi kinh ti se khdng tiin trien vdn hod va khoa hgc kl thuat. Vigc ky Nghj khi vdn de Campuehia chua duac gidi djnh thy chiing td sy phuc hdi lai mgt budc quyit.*^" - Dai sir Phdp tai Viet Nam Yvan Bastouil bay td quan diem. Nghj djnh thu c6 tdng gid trj Id 200 Irifu franc, Tuy nhien, viec ky kdt Nghi dinh ihu trong do phia Phdp vi^n trp cho Vi?t Nam 56 tri^u Tdi chinh giiia Phdp vd Viet Nam da ngay franc, 64 trieu franc vay ciia Ngan kh6 Quoc gia Phap vdi lai sudt 3% trong v6ng 30 nam vd 80 tri?u franc lap tlic gdp sy phan ung mgnh me tir phi'a c6n l^i vay tir cdc to chiic tu nhan dir6i sy bao trp ciia COFACE. (Compagnie Francaise d'Assurance pour le Commerce Ext^rieur - Cong ty bao hi^m ngo^i Le Monde, Reprise de la cooperation economigue thuang Phap). et industrielle entre le Vietnam et la France, le 24 Nguon: Jacques De Barrin, Kier Nam -Le contraintes d^cembre 1981. (Bdo Le Monde, Ndi lgi hgp tac kinh economiques et politiques mainliennent la ti vd cong nghiep giua Vi^t Nam vd Phdp, ngay cooperation avec la France a vn niveau modeste, Le 24/12/1981). Monde, le 4 ft vrier 1983. {Nhung bdt ddng vi vdn di Jacques De Barrin, Le contraintes economiqu^'^t kinh te vd chinh trj da gdy cdn trd cho mdi quan h$ politiques mainliennent la cooperation avec la Franc Vi4t Nam-Phdp, Bdo Le Monde, ngay 4/02/1983).
Kfl/ mu'o'i nam quatt fie... 65 nhung ben dang kjch liet phdn ddi hdnh ddng vd cae bign phdp gia ban ng ciia ede thanh cua Viet Nam tai Campuehia. Nude Cdng vidn Cdu Igc bg Paris (Club de Paris)'^ hoa Nhan ddn Trung Hoa ddnh gid hdnh dudng loi phdt tridn kinh td theo kidu tap dong nay ciia Phdp Id mgt "hdnh dgng ihiiu trung, quan lieu, bao cdp ciia phia Vidt chin chan", "mdt su linh todn lot" vd "nd chi Nam..., nhiing bat ddng quan didm giiia mang lgi cho nudc Phdp mgt thir duy nhdt do Phdp vd Viet Nam vd vdn dd "thuydn nhdn" la mdt di dnh hudng d chdu A."*^ Chinli {boatpeople), vdn dd trai cdi tgo.... quyen Khome Dd thi cho rang: "Tdt cd sit De gidi quyet tinh trgng be tdc do, ngdy giiip d& ddi vdi Hd Ngi deu Id hdnh dgng idn 8/4/1982, Bd trudng Ngoai giao Viet Nam cong Ddng Nam A." Cdc nudc trong Nguyen Co Thgch dd thye hien ehuydn thdm ASEAN, ngay sau ngdy ky kdt Nghj dinh thu ehinh thuc nudc Phap, gap gd vdi Bg trudng Phap-Viet, da tidn hdnh mdt cugc hgp klidn Ngogi giao Phdp. Myc lieu eo ban ciia cap cac Ngoai trudng, bay td su lo Idng ciia chuydn thdm Id nhdm tim ra gidi phdp vd vdn ho va de nghi Phdp gidi thich ro y dd ciia dd Campuehia. Phap trong hdnh ddng ndy.'^ Sy phdn ddi manh me cua cdc nudc trong khu vyc Id mdt Trdn quan diem chung, cd hai ben ddu trong nhiing nguydn nhdn chinh ddn ldi vide mong mudn "ngudi ddn Campuehia se dugc Nghj djnh thu khdng dugc thyc hidn. Du sao hodn todn tu do, khong chiu su de doa bdi cd chang niia, Phdp ciing khdng thd vi vdn dd cdc luc lugng bin lrong vd bin ngodi^^". nay ma dd dnh hudng tdi quan he ciia minh Tuy nhidn, de trd ldi cho quan didm ciia vdi cac nudc Ddng Nam A vd dae biet la vdi Phdp yeu cdu Viet Nam nit qudn ngay lap Tnmg Qudc. tlic khdi Campuehia, Bd trudng Ngogi giao Nguyen Co Thach khdng djnh: ''Viet Nam se Ben cgnh do, mdt sd nhihig van dd khd riil qudn ngay sau khi Trung Qudc chdm ditl khan khdc cung khidn "Nghi dinh thu Tdi su de dog cua minh vd se bdt ddu riil qudn chinh" hi tri hoan nhu: vdn de trd ng cua ngay khi lanh ihd Thdi Lan khdng cdn bi sit Viet Nam,'^ vide thdo lugn khdng thdnh cdng dung la cdn cu qudn su de chdng lgi Campuehia nira." P. Sabatier, France-Vietnam: le degel bien tempere. La Liberation, le 20 Janvier 1982. (Bdo La Liberation, '^ Club de Paris dupe thdnh lap vdo ndm 1956, Id to Quan he Phdp-Vi4l Nam: lien tai su hod diu, ngdy chirc khong chinh thijc ciia cac ngdn hdng nhd nuac 20/01/1982). cho nu6c ngodi vay np, thanh lap nhJlm muc dich tim P. Sabatier, France-Vietnam: le degel bien tempere. kiSm nhihig gidi phap ben vung cho cac quoc gia vay La Liberation, le 20 Janvier 1982. na nhung gdp kho khdn trong viec tra np. TTieo so '* Nam 1981, phia Viet Nam dd tra cho Phdp dist?c lieu thfing ke, din thdi di^m 1983, Viet Nam dS np 500 trieu franc trong t6ng s6 no. Sau d6 Vi^t Nam xin nuac ngodi tir 2 dSn 3 tri?u USD. (So voi nhung nudc hoan tra ng va Chinh phu Phdp chip nhan k^o dai thtxi dang phdt trien thi so vay np ndy vdn la khiem ton). M trd npr cho Viet Nam. Nguon: Le Monde du 28 mars 1983. (Bdo Le Monde !^gu6n: Le Monde, Vers une meilleure cooperation, ngay 28/03/1983). 'e 10 avril 1982. (Bao Le Monde, Hudng t&i mdt su '^ Le Monde, Vers une meilleure cooperation, le 10 hf- • ' avril 1982.
66 NGHIEN CCru CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°4 (139}.2012 Phfa Vidt Nam cung bay td quan diem nhirng bdt dong lrong khu vuc van khdng mong mudn Phdp ddng gdp "vai trd lo lan dugc gidi quyet dd khidn sy hgp tdc ve tai ciia niinh trong yi('c gidi quyii vdn di ehinh giiia Vigt Nam vd Phdp - yeu td then Campuehia vd mong mudn phdt Irien moi chdt trong qud trinh hgp tdc - khdng dat ket quan h4 giira Vict Nam vd Phdp vi lgi ich qua nhu mong mudn. Tuy vdy, vigc phat cua cd hai ddn tgc vd vi hod binh cua khu tridn quan hg giiia Phap va Viet Nam d thdi virc Ddng Xam A. " ky ndy mang mgt y nghTa hdt siic quan trgng vd cd the coi Id ""cira ma" de giai quydt vdn Vc phia Phdp. Bg trudng Ngoai giao dd Campuehia, bdi quan he vdi Phdp Id cau Phdp khang djnh: "Phdp vdn giu nguyen ndi duy nhat cua Vigt Nam vdi the gidi tu quan diem cua minh ve vdn de Campuehia bdn, giiip Vigt Nam timg budc thodt khdi su do Id Phdp khdng cdng nhgn chinh phu cd lap d khu vyc va budc vao ddm phdn de Campuehia hien tgi dugc thdnh lap do si/ gidi quydt van dd ndy khi dieu kidn chin giiip dd ciia I 'iet Nam vd Viel Nam phdi rdt mudi. qudn dgi ve nitdc*\ Nhdn dinh ve vai trd ciia Phdp trong Ngdy 27/3/1983, Bg trudng Ngogi giao quan he ve ehinh trj, Bd trudng Ngoai giao Phdp Claude Cheysson, sau khi tham du Hgi Nguyen Co Thgch dd khdng djnh: "Phdp nghi ede Ngoai trudng cua Cdng ddng Kinh chiem mdt uu the ndi troi nhdt lrong quan hi td Chdu Au (EEC) vd cua Hidp hgi cac qudc giira Viet Nam vdi cdc nudc phuang Tdy gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN), da tdi Ha Ngi. Viet Nam ddnh gid cao duang ldi nhdt qudn Van dd trung tdm ciia chuyen thdm md Bg cua Phdp ve vdn di trung lap a khu vuc trudng Phap trao ddi cung vdi dong nghiep Ddng Nam A vd chinh sdch hgp idc ciia eiia minh, Bg trudng Ngogi giao Viet Nam Phdp ddi vdi cdc nudc a the giai thir ba. "'" Nguyen Co Thgch dd la: sy giiip do vd hgp lac giua hai nudc tren ITnh vyc kinh id cung Mac dil cd nhiing trao ddi ngoai giao nhu nhiing vdn de khu vyc cdn phdi giai thudng xuydn vd su hoat ddng hdt sue tich quydt. cyc eiia nhirng thanh vidn ciia Ddng Cgng sdn Phdp trong Qudc hdi vd Chinh phii nhdm Tuy nhidn, ciing nhu nhiing cudc dam xiic tidn tang cudng mdi quan hg, song phdn trudc dd, van dd kinh td van chi nam trdn gidy td bdi nhirng bd tdc tir sy bdt ddng La declaration du Minislre vietnamien des Affaires quan didm vd Campuehia. Vdn dd trgng tam etrangeres Nguyen Co Thach dans la visile officielle en France du 8 avril 1982, Le Monde du 10 avril ciia cudc vidng thdm chinh Id ban vd nhung 1982. (Bdi phdi bieu cua BQ Iru&ng Ngogi giao Viet gidi phdp cho khu vyc. Ngogi trudng Phap Nam Nguyen Ca Thgch trong chuyen tham chinh thuc nuac Phdp ngdy 8/4/1982, Bao Le Monde, ngdy bdy td quan didm cua minh: "Nitac Phdp 10/04/1982). phdn ddi vi^c quay tra lgi cua PonpSt b Jacques De Barrin, Le contraintes economiques et politiques mainliennent la cooperation avec la France Campuehia cUng nhu viic Lien hgp qudc a un niveau modeste, Le Monde, le 4 fevrier 1983.
^ai lut/f^'i nam quan ftp... 67 ch&p thudn su lien minh cdc luc lugng Irong Bdt ddu tir 1986, chinh phu Viet Nam cd S c6 luc lugng cua PonpSt. Nuac Phdp sy thay ddi to Idn trong dudng ldi phdt tridn cung se khdng dgt quan he chinh ihitc vdi ddt nudc ciia minh. Dc phu hgp vdi tinh hinh chinh phu thdn Viet Nam cua Campuehia mdi ciia thd gidi, de tdn tai vd phdt trien, hien nay. Mac dii vdy, viic giup dd cho nhdn Vigt Nam tien hdnh cdng cudc ddi mdi ddt dan Campuehia ve to chitc citu trg nhdn dgo nudc. Dudng ldi ddi mdi dugc dd ra cu the va luang thuc vdn dugc Phdp lien hdnh trong Dgi hgi Dang Idn thir VI (12/1986) vdi Ihong qua Lien hgp qudc vd cdc td chitc phi nhiing thay doi co bdn ve chfnh sdch phdt chinh phu." trien kinh te, vd dudng ldi ddi ngoai v.v. Van dd Campuehia dugc xem xet mgt cdch tfch Lien quan ddn viec riit qudn dgi Viet cue vd ehii truong thue day viec binh thudng Nam tai Campuehia, quan diem ciia Phdp hod quan he vdi tat cd eae nudc da md ra van khdng djnh: "Viec Viit Nam rut qudn mdt CO hgi mdi eho viec Viet Nam hoa nhdp khoi Campuehia Id mgt viec ldm cdn ihiil vd thd gidi. Sy thay ddi dudng ldi phdt trien ciia khdn ngoan."' Viet Nam da nhdn duge su iing hg mgnh me Ben cgnh nhiing bdt ddng, cd Viet Nam tir phia Phdp, dac biet Id tir sau khi Francois va Phdp ddu tim thdy mdt didm chung do Id Mitterrand trd thdnh Tdng thdng Phdp ndm khdng chip nhdn su quay lai ciia Khome Dd 1988." Bdn cgnh vide tidp tuc giiip dd, vien ducri sy hau thuan ciia Trung Qudc nhdm trg vd luong thyc, thuc phdm vd thudc men, ndm Igi chinh quydn d Campuchia.^^ Su Phdp tdng cudng ddng vai trd trung gian, tim tuong ddng vd y kidn ndy chfnh Id mdt yeu cdc bien phdp cho viec gidi quydt vdn dd 16 rdt quan trgng, mdt co hdi ma cd Viet Campuehia, chudn bi cho viec td chiic Hgi Nam vd Phdp ddu cd gdng nam bat dd tim nghi qudc td vd Campuehia tai Paris. Vdn dd cho dugc mdt gidi phdp khu vuc. Campuehia dan ddn dugc gidi quydt vd viec cdc nudc Ddng Nam A ngdi lai vdi nhau dd ddi thogi, bdn bgc tim ra gidi phdp da md ra mgt giai dogn mdi trong mdi quan he cua cdc ^^ Le discours du Ministre fran^ais des Affaires nudc d khu vuc. Ciing vdi vide Chien tranh filrangeres en visite au Vietnam du 27 mars 1983, cite dans Le Monde du 28 mars 1983 par Daniel Roussel, Lgnh kdt thuc trdn thd gidi, xu hudng ddi Claude Cheysson d Hanoi. (Bai phdt biSu cua Ngo^i thoai, hgp tac da md ra mdt thdi ky mdi day truong Phdp trong chuydn thdm Viet Nam ngdy 27/03/1983, dupe trich ddng tren bdo Le Monde ngdy thuan lgi cho mdi quan he Phdp-Viet. 28/03/1983 Uong bai viit ciia Daniel Roussel: Claude Cheysson tdi Hd Ndi). " Le discours du Ministre fran^ais des Affaires Strangfires en visite au Vietnam du 27 mars 1983, cite dans Le Monde du 28 mars 1983 par Daniel Roussel: Claude Cheysson a Hanoi. " Noel Darbroz, Paris - Hanoi: Trente ans apres. La " Tr^n Vu Phuang, Quan h4 Phdp-Vi?t trong nhirng Croix le 19 octohrp 1983. (Paris - Ha Nai: Ba muai ndm gan ddy, T?p chi NghiSn cuu Chdu Au, s6