Chapter 10: ALCOHOLS-PHENOLS

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Common names: alkyl + alcohol. IUPAC names: hydrocarbon + ol. Carbocation rearrangements may occur. Aldehydes and ketones can also be reduced using LiAlH Pd, Ni, Ru.

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Nội dung Text: Chapter 10: ALCOHOLS-PHENOLS

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Dr Nam T. S. Phan Faculty of Chemical Engineering HCMC University of Technology Office: room 211, B2 Building Phone: 8647256 ext. 5681 Email: ptsnam@hcmut.edu.vn 1
Chapter 10: ALCOHOLS-PHENOLS 2
NOMENCLATURE OF ALCOHOLS Common names: alkyl + alcohol IUPAC names: hydrocarbon + ol 3
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PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLS Alcohols from alkenes Markovnikov’s rule 2 4 3 4 H SO , H PO … 6
Anti-Markovnikov 7
Alcohols from alkyl halides Carbocation rearrangements may occur 8
Alcohols from aldehydes & ketones Aldehydes & ketones can also be reduced using LiAlH , H /Pt, Pd, Ni, Ru … 9
Alcohols from carboxylic acids & derivatives Can NOT use NaBH4, H2/Pt, Pd, Ni, Ru… for 10 acids
Alcohols from Grignard reagents 11
REACTIONS OF ALCOHOLS Reactions of proton in -OH Can NOT react with NaOH 12
Dehydration reactions 13
isomerization 14
Primary alcohol Internal alkene 1-alkenes can NOT be prepared using the dehydration reaction 15
Conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides Only in acidic conditions 16
isomerization 17
3 PCl , 2 SOCl … can also be used NO carbocation formation, NO rearrangement Can NOT work for tertiary alcohols due to steric hindrance 18
Conversion of alcohols to ethers Only for symmetric ether Only effective for primary alcohols 19
Reaction mechanism: 20