Course 2277C: Implementing, managing, and maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 network infrastructure: Network services - Module 4

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Module 4: Resolving host names by using domain name system. This module provides you with the knowledge and skills to resolve host names by using Domain Name System. After completing this module, students will be able to: Describe the role of DNS in the network infrastructure, install the DNS Server service, configure the DNS Server service,...

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Nội dung Text: Course 2277C: Implementing, managing, and maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 network infrastructure: Network services - Module 4

Module 4: Resolving Host Names by Using Domain Name System
Overview • Multimedia: The Role of DNS in the Network Infrastructure • Installing the DNS Server Service • Configuring the DNS Server Service • Configuring DNS Zones • Configuring DNS Zone Transfers • Configuring a DNS Client
Multimedia: The Role of DNS in the Network Infrastructure • This presentation provides a high level overview of DNS • At the end of this presentation, you will be able to: – Explain the role and benefits of DNS in the network infrastructure – Define the key components of DNS – Explain how the host name resolution process works – Explain forward lookup queries
Lesson: Installing the DNS Server Service • Overview of Domain Name System • What Is a Domain Namespace? • Standards for DNS Naming • Practice: Installing the DNS Service
Overview of Domain Name System Domain Name System is a hierarchical distributed database DNS is the foundation of the Internet naming scheme DNS supports accessing resources by using alphanumeric names InterNIC is responsible for managing the domain namespace DNS was created to support the Internet’s growing number of hosts
What Is a Domain Namespace? Root Domain Top-Level Domain net com org Second-Level Domain nwtraders Subdomain west south east FQDN: SERVER1.sales.south.nwtrad sales Host: SERVER1 ers.com
Standards for DNS Naming The following characters are valid for DNS names: A through Z a through z 0 through 9 Hyphen (-) The underscore (_) is a reserved character
Practice: Installing the DNS Server Service In this practice, you will install the DNS Server service
Lesson: Configuring the DNS Server Service • What Are the Components of a DNS Solution? • What Is a DNS Query? • How Recursive Queries Work • How Iterative Queries Work • How Forwarders Work • How Conditional Forwarding Works • How Root Hint Works • How DNS Server Caching Works • Demonstration: Configuring the DNS Server Service • Best Practices for Configuring DNS • Practice: Configuring Properties for the DNS Server Service
What Are the Components of a DNS Solution? Root Resourc “.” e Record .com .edu Resourc e Record DNS Clients DNS Servers DNS Servers on the Interne
What Is a DNS Query? A query is a request for name resolution and is directed to a DNS server • Queries are recursive or iterative • DNS clients and DNS servers both initiate queries • DNS servers are authoritative or nonauthoritative for a namespace • An authoritative DNS server for the namespace will either: – Return the requested IP address – Return an authoritative “No” • A nonauthoritative DNS server for the namespace will either: – Check its cache – Use forwarders – Use root hints
How Recursive Queries Work A recursive query is sent to a DNS server and requires a complete answer mail1.contoso.ms ft Database 172.16.64.11 DNS Client Local DNS Server
How Iterative Queries Work An iterative query directed to a DNS server may be answered with a referral to another DNS server Local Root Hint (.) DNS Server Iterative Query Ask Iter.com ative Que m ry .com ers y .co trad er A nwtra sk nw ive Qu ders. .11 Itecrom ativ .64 eQ ma ecurs Aut uer .16 hor y il1. itat R iv e 172 Nwtraders.com Res pon Client Server se
How Forwarders Work A forwarder is a DNS server designated to resolve external or offsite DNS domain names Iterative Query Forwarder Root Hint (.) Ask Iter.com ative y Query er As k n Qu .11 wtrad .com ers.co ve m 4 rs i 6.6 Iter a ti v cu Aut eQ 2.1 hor uer Re itat y 17 172 i v eR .16. es p 64.1 ons Recu 1 e mail rs i ve 1.nw query Nwtraders.com trad for Local ers.c om Client Server DNS Server
How Conditional Forwarding Works Conditional forwarding forwards requests using a domain name condition All other DNS domains Local DNS ISP DNS sf t co nt os o.m nt or o.m co y f s ft os w. uer ww Q Client Computer Contoso.msft DNS
How Root Hints Work Root hints contain the IP addresses for DNS root servers Root (.) Servers DNS Servers Root Hints com DNS Server microso Client ft
How DNS Server Caching Works DNS server cache Host name IP address TTL 28 ServerA.contoso 192.168.8. second ServerA .msft is 44 s Where’s at ServerA? 192.168.8. 44 ServerA Client1 ServerA is at Where’s Client2 192.168.8. ServerA? 44
Demonstration: Configuring the DNS Server Service Your instructor will demonstrate how to: Update root hints on a DNS server Configure a DNS server to use a forwarder Clear the DNS server cache by using the DNS console Clear the DNS server cache by using the DNSCmd command
Best Practices for Configuring DNS • Use a central forwarder for Internet name Root (.) Servers resolution • Use conditional forwarders if you have multiple Forwarding internal namespaces or root hints Contoso.msft • Consider disabling recursion for specific domains ISP DNS Forwarding with no Conditional recursion forwarding Partner Organization Dev.contoso.msft Northwindtraders.msft
Practice: Configuring Properties for the DNS Server Service In this practice, you will configure a DNS server to use a forwarder