Đặc điểm và ý nghĩa lịch sử của quan hệ đặc biệt Việt Nam - Lào

NHAN VAT-SU'KIEN<br /> <br /> D0C DIEM Vff Y NGHIfi LICH SQ<br /> cdfi QUfiN HE D0C BIET VIET NffM - LflO<br /> GS, TS TRINH NHU<br /> <br /> Chu tich Ho Chi Minh ciing Quoc vuong Lao XLxavang Vatthana mua Lamvong voi cac dien vien Lao<br /> tai buoi le mimg Quoc vuong sang tham hiru nghi Viet Nam, Ha Noi, ngay 12-3-1963<br /> Duoi dnh sdng cua chii nghia Mac-Lenin, tu tuong Ho Chi Minh vd hogt dong<br /> thuc tien ciia cdc lire luong cdch mgng, quan he dodn ket dac biet Viet Nam - Ldo timg<br /> buoe duoc xdy dimg vd phdt trien. Id nhdn to co bdn gan bd hai ddn toe, tgo nen sire<br /> mgnh v6 dich chien thang moi ke thii, khdc phuc nhieu kho khan, tro luc tren con duong<br /> cdch mgng. Do Id qud trinh hai ddn toe tir nguyen den von nhau tren co so cimg gidc<br /> ngg ly tudmg cdch mgng gidi phong ddn toe, gicinh tu do, hgnh phiic cho nhdn ddn, xdc<br /> lap quyen binh ddng ddn toe, giiip do lan nhau tu vuon len vd truong thdnh.<br /> Quan he Viet Nam - Ldo duoc goi Id quan he dac biet boi khdi niem do Id sir<br /> tong hop, khdi qudt dung dan ve truyen thong lich sir, dia ly, ve ly luan vd thuc din<br /> cua su ket hop nguyen tdc ddn toe tu quyet vd tinh thdn quoc te vd sdn trong sdng. chu<br /> nghia nhdn van cao cd, tinh tdt yeu vd quy lugt ddn ten thdng loi vd thdnh eong ciia<br /> hai ddn toe Viet Nam, Ldo. Moi quan he dac biet dy cd nhiiu dac diim rieng biet vd<br /> gid tri lich sir sdu sac doi voi suphdt trien ben vitng cua moi qudc gia. ddn toe.<br /> * Hgc vien CT-HC quoc gia Ho Chi Minh<br /> TAP CHi UCH SU' OANG - SO 1/2011<br /> <br /> 49<br /> <br /> NHAN VAT - SU'KIEN<br /> <br /> 1. Dac diem ciia quan he dac biet Viet<br /> Nam - Lao<br /> Quan he Viet Nam - Ldo phdt trien tie<br /> quan he truyen thong len quan he dac biet<br /> Viet Nam va Lao la hai nuac lang gieng.<br /> Trong lich sir che do phong kien, diem n6i<br /> bat ve quan he giiia hai dan tgc va moi bang<br /> giao giira cac trieu dai la than thien, hiru hao;<br /> khong C su ap birc va n6 dich nhau, kh6ng<br /> O<br /> C hiem khich dan tgc, mat khae, lai da timg<br /> O<br /> giiip da nhau trong nhieu cuge dau tranh<br /> ch6ng xam luge. Nhan dan eu trii tai hai ben<br /> bien giai Viet Nam, Lao thuang qua lai trao<br /> doi san vat hang boa va giao luu, tham vieng,<br /> do hg la nhiing nguoi eiing dong hg.<br /> Tir nira sau the ky XDC, hai nuoc deu bi thuc<br /> dan Phap xam luge va dat duoi sir th6ng tri cua<br /> che do thugc dia. Chiing thi hanh ehinh sach<br /> boe lot rat nang ne bang thue khoa, ke ea thue<br /> than thoi phong kien ma each mang Phap da xoa<br /> bo. nhung ehiing van ap dung tai Dong Duong'.<br /> Thuc dan Phap eon ra sire vo vet tai<br /> nguyen khoang san, n6ng san, lam san; doe<br /> chiem thi truong mua ban hang hoa, cuop<br /> doat rugng dat cua nong dan, chiem doat<br /> nguon nhan c6ng re mat. D6ng thoi, chiing<br /> chen ep sir phat trien kinh te eua eac dan tgc<br /> tai Dong Duong. Ben canh do chung thi hanh<br /> chinh sach dau doc nguai Dong Duong bing<br /> rugu e6n, thu6e phien di lien vai thu doan<br /> ngu dan va dan ap kh6e liet nhung nguoi yeu<br /> nuoc dau tranh ch6ng chi do thugc dia ha<br /> khae, khien "nha hi nhieu hon truong hgc".<br /> Nhan dan hai nuac Viet Nam, Lao v6n eo<br /> fruyen th6ng yeu nuae, kien cuong ehIng<br /> <br /> 50<br /> <br /> ngoai xam, cam ghet ehi do thugc dia da lien<br /> tue n6i day va iing hg, giiip da lan nhau de<br /> eiing chong ke thii chung.<br /> Tir khi phong trao Can vuong biing no<br /> duoi nggn co yeu nuoc ciia vua Ham Nghi<br /> va T6n That Thuyet (thang 7 nam 1885) den<br /> nhirng nam 20 the ky XX, dien ra nhieu eugc<br /> khoi nghia va cae boat dong dau tranh cua<br /> nhan dan Viet Nam. Nhieu phong trao trong<br /> so do nhan dugc sir iing bg, giiip do cua nhan<br /> dan Lao tai vimg sat bien gioi Lao - Viet<br /> chay dai tir Ha Lao, Trung Lao len Thugng<br /> Lao. Dae biet, trong nhung nam dau the ky<br /> XX, eugc khoi nghia eiia nguai Lao do Ong<br /> Keo va Ong Commadam lanh dao (keo dai tir<br /> nam 1901 den 1937) da ph6i hgp voi nghia<br /> quan dan toe Xe dang a Tay Nguyen do tii<br /> truang Ire lanh dao cimg tan eong pha vo<br /> d6n canh C6ng ca tu eua thuc dan Phap<br /> (ngay27-5-1901).<br /> Cac phong trao do bi chinh quyen thuc<br /> dan dan ap, dap tat. Song m6i quan he giira<br /> nhan dan Viet Nam va nhan dan Lao trong<br /> nhung nam dau chong sir xam luge va ach ap<br /> birc, boc lot eiia thuc dan Phap ciing eho thay<br /> nhan thire eua hai dan tgc ve xay dung khoi<br /> doan ket dau tranh da tra thanh mot nhu cau<br /> khach quan cap bach. Viee xae dinh con<br /> duong cim nuac diing dan va m6i quan he<br /> doan ket giiia cac dan tgc tren ban dao D6ng<br /> Duong van la nhirng nhiem vu dat ra eho cae<br /> nha lanh dao phong trao yeu nuoc va each<br /> mang tai xii nay.<br /> Chinh Nguyen Ai Qu6e vai long yeu<br /> nuac nong nan va nghi lire phi thuang vugt<br /> <br /> TAP CHi UCH S I / D A N G - S O 1/2011<br /> <br /> NHAN VAT - SU'KIEN<br /> <br /> len mgi kho khan, gian kbi dl di vao kham<br /> pha the gioi tu ban chu nghia va cac dan tgc<br /> thugc dia, nham phat hien chan ly cu-u nuoc.<br /> Bang each do, Nguai tilp nhan va van dung<br /> chii nghia Mae-Lenin vao dilu kien cu thi cua<br /> D6ng Duong de xac dinh con duong giai<br /> ph6ng cae dan tgc Viet Nam, Lao, Campuehia<br /> theo quy dao each mang v6 san. Nguai chi<br /> dao Hoi nghi thanh lap Dang Cgng san Viet<br /> Nam vao dau nam 1930, den thang 10 eiing<br /> nam d6i ten thanh Dang Cgng san D6ng<br /> Duong, lanh dao each mang D6ng Duong.<br /> Nhirng sir kien tren dua quan be doan ket Viet<br /> Nam-Lao tir truyen thong len quan he dac biet.<br /> Quan he dac biet Viet Nam - Lao gan ket<br /> ben chat, thuy chung, trong sang ; hai dan tgc<br /> Viet Nam, Lao, trai qua nhieu thir thaeh khae<br /> nghiet day by sinh, gian kh6 vi doc lap, tu<br /> do, hanh phiic cua hai dan tgc va nhan dan<br /> hai nuae, da tra thanh quy lugt song con vd<br /> sire mgnh ky dieu dua tai nhieu thang Igi vi<br /> dai cua Viet Nam va Lao trong dau tranh<br /> gianh ehinh quyen, khang chien eh6ng de<br /> quoc Phap, My xam luge va tien hanh thanh<br /> eong sir nghiep d6i moi dua hai nuoc cimg<br /> phat trien theo dinh huong xa bgi ebii nghia.<br /> Quan he dac biet Viet Nam - Ldo do Chii<br /> tich Ho Clii Minh xay dung nen mong vd<br /> chinh Nguoi ciing dong chi Cayxon<br /> Phomvihan, dong chi Xuphanuvong vd cdc<br /> the he lanh dao hai Dang, hai Nha nu&c day<br /> eong vun ddp; dat duvisuldnh dao ciia Dang<br /> Cgng san Dong Duong, Dang Nhan dan each<br /> mang Lao va Dang Cgng san Viet Nam<br /> Vao nira sau thap ky 20 the ky XX, lanh tu<br /> Nguyin Ai QuIc phat hien tinh tat yeu va<br /> phuang phap hiru hieu de nhan dan D6ng<br /> <br /> TAP CHi UCH SU' O A N G - SO 1/2011<br /> <br /> Duong lat do ach th6ng tri ciia ehu nghia de<br /> quIe Phap, gianh doc lap, tu do nhu tren da<br /> vilt. Tren cac ehang duong phat trien cua<br /> each mang Viet Nam va each mang Lao, lanh<br /> hJ Nguyen Ai Qu6c tiep tue dua ra nhirng<br /> quylt dinh quan trgng nham that chat quan he<br /> doan kit dac biet Viet Nam - Lao, dan duong<br /> eho qua trinh dau tranh gianh ehinh quyen va<br /> cae cuge khang chien ch6ng giac ngoai xam<br /> cua nhan dan hai nuoc gianh dugc thang Igi.<br /> Nhiing quan diem va ehii truong ciia<br /> Nguoi dugc lanh dao va nhan dan Viet Nam,<br /> Lao linh hoi, thue bien nhu: giiip Bgn Id<br /> minh tu giiip minh; dem sire ta md tu gidi<br /> phong cho ta; Viet - Ldo dodn ket, truang ky<br /> khdng chien, tu luc canh sinh; thd hy sinh tdt<br /> cd, chir nhdt dinh khong chiu mat nuac, nhdt<br /> dinh khong chiu Idm no le; khong co gi quy<br /> han doc lap tu do... da la anh sang va ngu6n<br /> c6 " U nhan dan Viet Nam, Lao chien dau va<br /> V<br /> chien thang. Trong thoi ky doi moi, tu tuong<br /> Ho Chi Minh van giii nguyen nhthig gia tri<br /> eao quy, chi duong eho hai Dang va hai dan<br /> tgc Viet Nam, Lao tien buac.<br /> Trong tu tuong, tinh cam eiia minh, lanh<br /> tu Ho Chi Minh coi nhan dan Lao ciing nhu<br /> d6ng bao cua minh. Tai Hoi nghi Ban Chap<br /> hanh Trung uong Dang Lao dong Viet Nam,<br /> thang 6 - 1959, Nguai noi: "D6ng bao (tire<br /> nhan dan Lao - GS T.N) doi ta phai giai<br /> quyet sam ban. Phai san s6c ehu dao...<br /> Truac mat chii y gao, muli". Lanh hi H6 Chi<br /> Mmh rat chu trgng den nhiing vin dl co ban<br /> cua each mang Lao nhu: c6ng tae xay dung<br /> Dang ve tu tuong, t6 ehirc va can bg. Nguai<br /> vira gop y kien, vira trirc tilp ehi dao nhilu<br /> boat dong eua hai Dang Cgng san Viet Nam<br /> <br /> 51<br /> <br /> NHAN VAT-SU'KIEN<br /> <br /> va Dang Nhan dan Cach mang Lao cimg thuc<br /> hien... Dong chi Cayxon Phomvihan da timg<br /> tran trgng viet ve eong lao eiia Nguai doi vai<br /> each mang Lao: "Tu tuong va tinh cam eiia<br /> Bae la nggn du6c soi duong, la ngu6n eo "vii<br /> sire manh doan ket dau tranh ciia nhan dan cae<br /> bg tgc Lao ehiing toi. Tir ngay each mang Lao<br /> con trung nuae eho den liic da truong thanh,<br /> Bac Ho lu6n quan tam dan duong ehi loi"^.<br /> Tiep thu y kien ehi dao ciia lanh tu H6 Chi<br /> Minh va Trung uong Dang Cgng san D6ng<br /> Duong, dgi ngii can bg Dang, Mat tran, Chinh<br /> phu khang chien ciia Lao va Viet Nam luon<br /> lu6n sat canh ben nhau trao d6i y kien, xac lap<br /> chii truong, bien phap tien hanh cae nhiem -vu<br /> chung ciia quan he Viet Nam - Lao. Phuang<br /> phap boat dong do ngay cang dugc phat huy,<br /> cai tien va phat trien, nhat la khi thuc bien<br /> nhirng nhiem vu lich sir quan trgng nhu Khoi<br /> nghia Thang Tam nam 1945; viec xay dung<br /> khu khang chien trong khang chien eh6ng<br /> Phap; xay dimg can cii dia Trung uong cua<br /> each mang Lao trong giai doan ch6ng My;<br /> nhung chien dich Ion dien ra tren dat Lao co<br /> tae dong tich cue true tiep toi chien truong<br /> Viet Nam; Hoi nghi thanh lap Mat tran Lao<br /> Itxala va Chinh phii khang chien Lao Itxala...<br /> Khi Dang Cgng san Dong Duong phat trien<br /> thanh ba Dang tir sau Dai hoi Dang lan thii hai<br /> (1951), hai Trung uong Dang Nhan dan Lao<br /> (nam 1972 ggi la Dang Nhan dan Cach mang<br /> Lao) va Trung uong Dang Lao dong Viet<br /> Nam tiep tuc that chat va mo rgng quan he<br /> dac biet trong qua trinh lanh dao hai dan tgc<br /> tien hanh cuge khang chien chIng thue dan<br /> Phap va hep sau la khang chiln chIng dl<br /> quoc My xam luge lau dai (21 nam), ae liet.<br /> <br /> 52<br /> <br /> Moi quan he Viet - Lao dugc the hien a cae<br /> linh vue th6ng nhat ehu truong chien luge,<br /> sach luge dau tranh tren cac mat tran quan sir,<br /> ehinh tri, binh van, ngoai giao, xay dung lire<br /> lugng khang chien; giup da lan nhau trong tae<br /> chien, giao th6ng van tai, trong kinh te, van<br /> hoa, giao due, dao tao can bg...<br /> Thai ky hai nuae Viet Nam, Lao sau khi<br /> hoan thanh thang Igi su nghiep chong ngoai<br /> xam, nhiing ban chat t6t dep eua quan he dac<br /> biet lai dugc ma rgng va phat trien len tam cao<br /> mai, ben canh linh vue qu6c phong, an ninh,<br /> cac Imh vue khae nhu kinh te, tai chinh, dao<br /> tao can bg, nhan lire, hgp tae ngoai giao theo<br /> huong da phuang boa, da dang hoa, bgi nhap<br /> khu •vue va quoc te; hgp tac nghien ciiu khoa<br /> hgc va ly luan chinh tri... cang phat trien.<br /> Quan he dac biet Viet Nam - Ldo la sy<br /> nghiep cua nhdn ddn Viet Nam, Ldo<br /> Hoat dong ly luan va to ehirc thue tien ciia<br /> lanh tu Nguyen Ai Qu6c tir thap nien hai<br /> muai the ky truac da mo duong tien tai<br /> thanh hinh quan he dac biet Viet Nam - Lao,<br /> lay nen tang la siic manh doan ket to Idn cua<br /> nhan dan hai nuoc dugc khoi day nhu Nguai<br /> da chi dan trong tae pham Duong cdch menh:<br /> "Dan khi manh thi quan linh nao, siing Ing<br /> nao ciing khong chong lai"''.<br /> Y nghia va gia tri quy bau eiia luan dilm<br /> ay da dugc dong chi Cayxon Ph6mvihan,<br /> Ting Bi thu Ban Chip hanh Trung uong<br /> Dang Nhan dan Lao khing dinh trong Diiu<br /> van truy dieu Chu tich Ho Chi Minh: "Dii o<br /> dau va liic nao Chu tich H6 Chi Minh eiing<br /> lu6n luon nhac nha nhirng nguofi each mang<br /> la muon lam each mang thang Igi thi phai<br /> doan ket trong ngi bg Dang, phai doan kit<br /> <br /> TAP CHi UCH SU" D A N G - SO 1/2011<br /> <br /> NHAN VAT - SU'KIEN<br /> <br /> toan dan. Dong chi da noi la ba dan tgc Viet<br /> Nam, Khmer, Lao phai doan kit dl cimg<br /> nhau dau tranh, dong thai phai doan kit<br /> rgng rai vai cac dan tgc bi ap biic tren thi<br /> giai, ket hgp chat che tinh thin yeu nuac<br /> chan ehinh voi tinh than quIc tl v6 san, do<br /> la siie manh biing hau de dau tranh vai dich,<br /> dua thang Igi lai eho each mang. Day la lai<br /> giao huan rat quy bau ma nhiing nguoi cgng<br /> san chung ta phai gbi nha va thuc hien that<br /> dung dan"''.<br /> Nhiing mue tieu phan dau eua quan he dac<br /> biet Viet Nam - Lao bao quat nhiing nguyen<br /> vgng tha thiet cua nhan dan Viet Nam va Lao.<br /> Do la doan ket, giiip do nhau ciing ch6ng ke<br /> tbii de quoc xam luge va tay sai ciia ehiing,<br /> gianh doe lap, tu do cho dan tgc va nhan dan<br /> hai nuoc, xay dung quan he brnh dang, tu chii,<br /> hiru nghi, hgp tae giiia hai quoc gia.<br /> Nhan dan hai nuac ciing hieu rang chi co<br /> chii nghia Mae-Lenin, tu tuong H6 Chi Minh<br /> soi duong. chi eo dang cgng san chan ehinh<br /> voi duong loi each mang va phuong phap<br /> doan ket chan thanh, ton trgng quyen doc lap,<br /> tu chu cua m6i qu6c gia dan tgc mai co the<br /> thuc hien nhiing nguyen vgng d6.<br /> Xuat phat tir nhan thire ehinh tri va niem<br /> tin ay ma nhan dan hai nuae da kh6ng quan<br /> gian kh6, hy sinh, dong gop sire nguoi, siie<br /> eua de thuc hien nhirng mue tieu cua quan he<br /> Viet Nam - Lao. Trong gan mot the ky qua,<br /> hg chung sire, chung long, vira xdy dung luc<br /> luong, vira anh diing, sdng tgo, giir vung muc<br /> tieu cdch mgng, duang ddu voi nhieu ke thu.<br /> hung mgnh vd gidnh thdng lai hodn todn, md<br /> khong tilth thiet han, chi ddnh cho nhau su<br /> quy men, trdn trong vd biet on sdu nang.<br /> <br /> TAP CHi UCH SLF D A N G - SO 1/2011<br /> <br /> Truyin thing tit dep do tiep tuc dugc phat<br /> huy tren tran tuyen bao ve va xay dimg T6<br /> quIc tren eon duong d6i mai eiia hai nuac.<br /> Quan he dac biet Viet Nam - Ldo mang<br /> tinh xuyen suot, todn dien vd bin viing<br /> Dan tgc doc lap, nhan dan dugc huong<br /> quyIn tu do, hanh phiie, dat nuac giau manh<br /> theo dinh huong xa bgi chii nghia la mue tieu<br /> song triing cua hai dan tgc Viet Nam, Lao.<br /> D6 ciing la phuong huong, la dong lire xay<br /> dung va phat trien quan he dac biet Viet Nam<br /> - Lao, Lao - Viet Nam.<br /> Trong sir nghiep dau tranh lau dai eua hai<br /> dan tgc, quan he dac biet Viet Nam - Lao,<br /> Lao - Viet Nam la nhan t6 xuyen suot cac<br /> ehang duong va buoe truac chuan bi cho<br /> buoe sau n6i tiep phat trien, tir dau tranh<br /> gianh ehinh quyen, khang chien eb6ng thuc<br /> dan, de quoc xam luge den bao ve To quoc<br /> va xay dung dat nuac vai nhieu gian kh6 va<br /> hy sinh de di tai nhiing ky tich lich sir cua hai<br /> nuoc Viet Nam, Lao.<br /> M6i thai ky lich sir tuong iing vai mot<br /> nhiem 'vu chien luge each mang eua hai nuoc<br /> va gan bo chat che voi su van dong eiia quan<br /> he Viet Nam - Lao tren cac linh •vue tu tuong,<br /> duong loi, ehinh tri, quan su, ngoai giao, kinh<br /> te, xa hoi, giao due, van boa. Tuy moi thoi ky<br /> CO nhung nhiem vu trgng tam, song nhin t6ng<br /> the, van nhan ro tinh todn dien, phong phu<br /> mang ban chat each mang, nhan van trong tu<br /> tuong va boat dong thuc tien, trong ly tri va<br /> tinh cam tham thiet ciia hai dan tgc.<br /> Quan he dac biet Viet Nam - Lao trai qua<br /> nhieu thay d6i eua lich sir va nhiing muu dl<br /> pha hoai eua nhieu the lire thii dich hi ben<br /> trong va ben ngoai, van giir nguyen tinh ben<br /> <br /> 53<br /> <br />