English for nursing

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INTRODUCTION Contrary to popular belief, pharmacy is not limited to counting and dispensing pills. Pharmacy is a rewarding profession in the health care system that involves working closely with doctors and patients. No matter what health field you step into, there will always be a need for pharmacists. They provide their expertise on the composition, use, and manufacturing of a drug, as well as its physiological and chemical interactions. Pharmacy offers flexible work schedules, a broad spectrum of opportunities, direct patient contact, and top salaries right out of college!...

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English for nursing 1
CONTENTS No NAME OF THE LESSON PAGE INTRODUCTION 2 UNIT 1 STRESS 4 UNIT 2 DRUG INSTRUCTIONS 13 REVISION UNIT 1 & UNIT 2 21 UNIT 3 CANCER 24 STOP AND CHECK 1 32 UNIT 4 HEALTH PROBLEMS 38 UNIT 5 MEDICINES 46 UNIT 6 STAYING HEALTHY 53 STOP AND CHECK 2 62 GLOSSARY 66 REFERENCES 82 INTRODUCTION Contrary to popular belief, pharmacy is not limited to counting and dispensing pills. Pharmacy is a rewarding profession in the health care system that involves working closely with doctors and patients. No matter what health field you step into, there will always be a need for pharmacists. They provide their expertise on the composition, use, and manufacturing of a drug, as well as its physiological and chemical interactions. Pharmacy offers flexible work schedules, a broad spectrum of opportunities, direct patient contact, and top salaries right out of college! Pharmacists not only educate consumers on medication use, but also monitor their patient's health to ensure that the patient is getting the full benefits of the drug. Pharmacists also advise doctors and other health care professionals on making wise medication decisions. In fact, pharmacists are consistently ranked as one of the most trusted professions for the services they render. Due to the rapid growth of the health care system, the increasing elderly population, and the burgeoning pharmaceutical and biotech industry, there is unprecedented demand for pharmacists today. Although most of us are familiar with our neighborhood retail pharmacy chains such as Walgreens, Long's, or RiteAid, many are unaware of the other exciting opportunities in the pharmacy field such as:  Hospital Pharmacy - Staff Pharmacist, Clinical Pharmacist, Pharmacy Adminstrator  Pharmacy Consultant - Home Health Care, Long-Term Care Facilities, Internet Consultant  Pharmaceutical Industry - Research and Development, Manufacturing, Pharmacogenomics  Government Agencies - Hospice and Home Care, Public Health Services, FDA inspector  College and Universities - Professor/Lecturer  Medical and Scientific Publishing - Editor-in-Chief, Science Writer  Nuclear Pharmacy - Chemotherapy pharmacist  Law - Retail Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Company Attorney As you can see, the pharmacy profession is not as dull or limited as most think. It is this latitude that makes pharmacy so appealing; when you're bored with one field, you can enter a different aspect of pharmacy with ease! In fact, most pharmacy students go on to earn an MBA degree, a RPH degree, and even a JD to become a pharmacy attorney! For more information on what you can do with a Pharm.D. degree, check out this site at Pfizer. The degree you receive from pharmacy school is a doctors degree (Pharm.D.), which requires four years of schooling like other professional schools. However, the pharmacy program can be a 2+4 year program! You can apply to pharmacy school as soon as you finish all the prerequisities, meaning that you do not need a college degree to enter. In addition to wide variety of pharmacy professions you can choose from, there are some other perks in pharmacy. Due to the high demand for pharmacists, the starting salary for a retail pharmacist is $86,000 a year, with benefits! For those of you who are concerned about raising a family, the pharmacy profession is quite flexible with time. Most pharmacy professions allow the pharmacist to set their own schedules and vacation dates, giving them time to spend with their family and friends. Thus, pharmacy is more than just counting pills. Its an important and trustworthy occupation that reaches into almost all aspects of medicine and healthcare. From direct patient care and guidance to the 2
forefront of pharmaceutical research, pharmacy caters to many fields. Most importantly, the pharmacist's role in society is to promote the well-being of their patients. UNIT 1: STRESS SECTION 1: READING COMPREHENSION Maria is a single mother who often feels stressed. She is a computer programmer with a thirteen-year-old son. At work, she sits in front of a computer for most of the day. While sitting at work, her lower back often hurts and her eyes get tired from looking at the computer for long periods. During her lunch break, she enjoys taking a walk with a couple of friends. She enjoys the fresh air and talking with her friends. For lunch, she usually eats something light like a salad and fruit. At work, she drinks water instead of coffee or soda. She worries about her son since she cannot be there when he arrives home from school. She also worries about not having enough money to pay the bills. Maria suffers from migraine headaches. When this happens, she feels severe pain on both sides of her head, loses her appetite, feels nauseous, and sometimes even vomits. She can feel this way of three or four days. Maria has high blood pressure. High blood pressure is when the heart works harder to pump blood through the arteries. Maria watches her weight and takes medicine for this disease. She realizes she must be concerned about her high blood pressure otherwise, she could have a heart attack, stroke, or suffer from kidney disorders. Maria realizes that she needs to manage her stress. Therefore, she walks with her friends during the week. On weekends, she often goes riding with her son. She knows she needs t o eat a sensible diet to maintain the energy needed to cope with her stress. She sets her priorities to avoid unnecessary time pressures. In the evenings, she does stretching exercises. Then she relaxes in a warm bath before going to bed. Maria tries to get eight hours of sleep a night. Questions and Answers: Use the story on Stress to answer the following questions: 1. What does Maria drink at work? ……………………………………………………………………………… 2. Name two reasons why Maria feels stressed. ……………………………………………………………………………… 3. How does Maria feel when she has a migraine headache? ……………………………………………………………………………… 4. What is high blood pressure? ……………………………………………………………………………… 5. List three health problems that high blood pressure can cause ……………………………………………………………………………… 6. List three things that Maria does to manage her stress ……………………………………………………………………………… 7. What are couple of things you do to manage your stress? ……………………………………………………………………………… SECTION 2: GRAMMAR: Review: + Demonstrative adjectives. + Possessive adjectives. + Present simple tense. SECTION 3: SPEAKING A. Work in pairs: Discuss what we should do and shouldn’t do to avoid stress in everyday life: Things we should do Things we shouldn’t do 3
B. Polite requests: Positive: Verb, please! Will/Would + S + V0, please? Would you mind + V-ing, please? Ex: Command: Come in Polite request: Come in, please! Will you come in, please? Would you come in, please? Would you mind standing up, please? Negative: Don’t + V0 Ex: Don’t sit down! Patients in hospital are usually anxious and fearful. It is import ant that staff put them at their ease, by being polite and pleasant. The following drills teach you polite forms in English. Drill : Change these commands to polite requests. Be careful to make your voice rise and fall correctly: Command: Sit down/Turn over/Bend down/Turn round/Lie down. Move your head/Lift your leg/Put out your tongue Arch your back/ Bend your knees/Wriggle your fingers Take your shirt off /Keep your mouth open/Keep your eyes shut C. Our bodies give us signs to show us that we are sick. These signs are called symptoms. Here are some common symptoms Class discussion: I have got I get + a/an + noun I can’t + verb I feel + adjective Ex: I get chest pains after running. I’ve got a sore throat. I feel nauseous. I can’t breathe properly. Practice: How can you say when you get sick? allergy backache sneeze red eyes cough dizzy sore throat runny nose earache flu stiff neck diarrhea headache indigestion stomachache toothache laryngitis nauseous cold fever SECTION 4: PRACTICE I/ Choose “my, your, his, her, its, our, or their” to complete the sentences: 1. Ann has three children. ………….children like to read books. 2. I have a sister. ………….sister is younger than I am. 3. The children have new toys. …………..toys are nearby. 4. You have five fish………….fish is pretty. 5. We have a dog…………..dog is big. 6. Dick has five cousins…………….cousins live in Mexico. 7. Tell Miss Smith to raise……………right arm. 8. I have had a new blouse. ………..color is white. 9. I have a new telephone. ......................number is (055) 677078. 4
10. You have long hair............................is pretty. II/ Choose am, is, are to complete the sentences: 1. Susan…………….infected with the virus. 2. There……………..no cure for AIDS. 3. A hospice………….a special home. 4. There………….several doctors in the clinic. 5. I…………….very tired. 6. Mary and Brown…………………..dentists. 7. My brother ……………………walking to the store. 8. They …………….eating a healthy snack. 9. My parents………..riding their bicycles. 10. Henry and I …………….going to the movies. III/ Complete the sentences using one of the words in the parentheses: 1. (That/ Those)………………………………..children are happy. 2. (This/ These) …………………………………fence is tall. 3. (This/ These)……………………………………gate is locked. 4. (That/ Those)……………………………………..boy runs fast. 5. (This/ These)……………………………………accidents need to stop! IV/ A. Sylvia has a cold. What symptoms could she have? Tick them  1. She has got a sore throat  2. She has got a toothache  3. She has got a runny nose  4. She’s got a cough  5. She feels nauseous  6. She has got a rash B. Peter’s doctor says he has food poisoning. What could his symptoms be? Tick them  1. He has got a sore throat  2. He feels nauseous  3. He has diarrhea  4. He cannot breathe properly  5. He has itchy skin  6. He has a pain in his stomach C. Match the names of the diseases with their symptoms: 1. A fever a. You have a pain in your head. 2. Stomachache b. You sneeze frequently, have a sore throat and cough. 3. Nausea c. The body temperature is higher than normal. 4. Toothache . You feel like vomiting. 5. A cold e. You have a pain in or near your stomach. 6. Headache f. You have a pain in your teeth or one tooth. V/ Write the plural form for each noun: 1.baby 11.child 2.tomato 12.man 3.dish 13.woman 4.box 14.tooth 5.knife 15.foot 6.body 16. mouse 7.key 17.goose 8.radio 18. fish 9.match 19. sheep 5
10. hobby 20. deer VI/ Put the verbs in brackets into the simple present tense: 1. She (not/work) ..........................in the X – ray department. 2. He usually (study)........................ hard. 3. you (finish) ......................at 12 o’clock? 4. Miss Thanh always (help)......................... the other nurses. 5. The bus (stop) ........................outside the main gate. 6. Your eyes (hurt)...................................? 7. Your head (hurt)......................................? 8. I (want)........................... to attend lectures. 9. she (study)............................. hard? 10. The late shift (not/finish)........................................ at 10 p.m. VII/ Write sentences with the following frequency adverbs: Always 1……………………………………………………………… Usually 2……………………………………………………………… Often 3……………………………………………………………… Sometimes 4.……………………………………………………………… Seldom 5……………………………………………………………… Rarely 6.…………………………………………………………….. Never 7……………………………………………………………… VIII/ Use each verb once to fill in the blank: cries kisses worries eats drinks pushes teaches pays studies watches 1. Maria………………………………………… ……… a lot of water. 2. Susan………………………………………………………… the bills. 3. Jose……………………………………. his children about fire safety. 4. Jim……………………………about his mother who is in the hospital. 5. She………………………………her math everyday. 6. The baby……………………………….. when he is hungry. 7. Silvia …………………………………………fruit for a snack. 8. Armando……………………………………his weight. 9. Marta …………………………..her grandmother in t he wheelchair. 10. Jack…………………………his children before they go to school. IX/ Choose have, has, do, does, go or goes to complete the sentences: 1. Mark…………………………………….high blood pressure. 2. Nancy…………………………………..to work at eight o’clock. 3. Tom……………………………………..his home work in the evening. 4. She……………………………………..to the grocery store on Mondays. 5. Jay and Kim……………………………their exercises in the morning. 6. Luis and I…………………………to high school. 7. I……………a pain in my chest. X/ Choose at, in or on to complete the sentences: 1. I was born…………….1948. 6
2. I live ………….Quang Trung street. 3 ………………..Wednesday I go to the dentist. 4. She was born……………August 7, 1952. 5. The baby sleeps……………night. 6. My class begins………….9.30 a.m. 7. We live ………..21 Hung Vuong street . 8. They live ………….Quang Ngai city. XI/ Put in the correct word from this list: off, to, back, in, on, down, by, up, round, from, with, in, to, of: 1. Ask the patient to come………………..and sit……………….. 2. Ask the patient to stand……………….and turn…………….. 3. Will you lie………………..on the couch, please? 4. Would you roll………………your sleeve? 5. Ask Mr. Smith to take………………..his coat. 6. Bend……………..and touch your toes, please? 7. Take…………………..your trousers, please? 8. Will you put………….your clothes, please? 9. Come………… next week, please. 10. She was taken…………….hospital. 11. He suffered…………………bad headaches. 12. I have a pain……….my back. 13. What’s wrong……………you? 14. He died……………….cancer. XII/ Choose a, an, some to complete the sentences: 1. Here are………………..oranges. 2. They left…………….hour ago. 3 ………………….of her friends have high blood pressure. 4. During her lunch break she takes…………..walk with her friends. 5. There are……………children still at school. 7
UNIT 2: DRUG INSTRUCTIONS SECTION 1: READING COMPREHENSION Read the passage about Jane and answer the questions: Jane works as a nurse in a surgical ward in a London hospital. She does shift work, so she does not go to work at the same time every day. But now she is a student nurse at Saint Peter’s Hospital. She is still training. She is learning to nurse patients suffering from diseases such as cardiac infraction, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis and pneumonia. Now, she is helping a staff nurse to give injections. The staff nurse is explaining to her the doses, action and side effects of the drugs they are administering. The other nurses in the ward are carrying out various nursing duties. Some are do ing bed- baths, one is helping a patient to get out of bed, and another is taking a patient’s temperature. A doctor is doing a ward round and a physiotherapist is helping a pneumonia-patient to do deep- breathing exercises. Questions: 1. What does Jane do? .......................................................................................................................... 2. Where does she work? .......................................................................................................................... 3. Does she go to work at the same time every day? .......................................................................................................................... 4. Where is she training? .......................................................................................................................... 5. Whom is she learning to nurse? .......................................................................................................................... 6. What is she doing at the moment? .......................................................................................................................... 7. What are the other nurses doing? .......................................................................................................................... 8. Is there a doctor in the ward? .......................................................................................................................... 9. What is a pneumonia-patient doing? .......................................................................................................................... SECTION 2: GRAMMAR: Review: + Genitive cases. + The present continuous tense. A. Find examples of the present simple and present continuous tenses in the passage. B. Which tense describes: . something that happens regularly or every day? . something that is happening now or at the moment? C. Can you make -ING forms of verbs? Column A Column B THI ITING WA TTING CLE ATING TAL NKING SI ANING E SHING CO KING WA OKING 8
DRY ING SIN GING D. Choose the correct form: 1. I go/ am going to work now. Goodbye! 2. I read/ am reading a book about astrology. 3. I read/ am reading many books every year. 4. We go/ are going to a party every Saturday. 5. Nurses look/ are looking after people in hospital. 6. Annie comes/ is coming from Ireland. 7. She comes/ is coming for dinner this evening. 8. I speak/ am speaking four languages. 9. Do you want / Are you wanting to go out tonight? 10. It often rains/ is raining a lot in winter. E. Complete this conversation with the sentences given below:  Yes, he is. He loves it  No, I’m not. I am living in Honolulu now  Yes, we are. We really love San Francisco  Yes, I do. I like it a lot.  No, they aren’t. They’re living in New York these days. Chris: Are you still living in San Francisco, Philip? Philip: (1)…………………………………………………………………….. Chris: Wow! Do you like it? Philip: (2)……………………………………………………………………… Chris: And is your brother still working in Hong Kong? Philip: (3)…………………………………………………………………… Chris: And how about your parents? Are they still living in Florida? Philip: (4)………………………………………………………………… How about you and your family, Chris? Are you still living here? Chris: (5)………………………………………………………………… SECTION 3: SPEAKING: 1. Number the instructions in order from 1 to 5: A. Follow the instructions. B. Check that you’re taking the right dosage. C. Take three times daily. D. Keep out of reach of children. E. Remember to shake the bottle first. 2. Read the leaflet on taking medicine and circle the instruction words: IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER WHEN TAKING MEDICINE Medicine improves the lives of thousands of Australians every day, but they can be harmful if not used as intended. To avoid this, talk to your doctor and pharmacist about your health and about your medicine will work. A. Make sure you understand how to take your medicine. B. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about possible – effects. C. Check, whether there are any precautions, you should take when using medicine, such as not drinking alcohol. D. Tell your doctor or pharmacist about any problems you have had with taking the medicine, and any adverse effects it has caused. SECTION 4: PRACTICE: I/ Write the correct possessive word in the blank: 9
Article Possessor +‘s Thing possessed The doctor’s room The thing possessed may be omitted if it refers to a house, shop, church,… Ex: I am going to the doctor’s 1. (Sue’s, Mark’s )…………………………dress is in the suitcase. 2. My (mother’s, father’s)………………name is Bill. 3. The students have books. The (student’s, students’)……books are new. 4. (Silvia’s, Alan’s)………….stroke left her paralyzed on one side. 5. My friend has an apartment. My (friend’s, friends’) ....apartment is big. 6. My ( parent’s, parents’) …………..name are Maria and Tim. II/ Make changes to produce correct sentences in Present Continuous: 1. She / write / letter / her / friend / now …………………………………………………………………………… 2. We / find / key / open / the / door. ……………………………………………………………………………….. 3. What / they/ do / my / garden? ………………………………………………………………………………. 4. Please / keep silent / president / talk. ………………………………………………………………………………… 5. The boys / play / football / stadium …………………………………………………………………………… 6. My mother / cook / dinner / while / father / cut / grass. ………………………………………………………………………………… 7. John / wait / for / bus / go / to / school ………………………………………………………………………………… 8. You / talk / about / my sister? ………………………………………………………………………………… 9. The children / sleep / well / upstairs. ………………………………………………………………………………… 10. They / prepare / for / the party. ………………………………………………………………………………… III/ Put the verb in the brackets into Simple Present or Present Continuous: 1. Mr. Green always (go) to work by bus. ……………………………………………………………………….. 2. It (not/ rain) in the dry season. ………………………………………………………………………….. 3. They (have) lunch in the cafeteria now. ………………………………………………………………………. 4. My little sister (drink) milk every day. …………………………………………………………………………. 5. The doctor sometimes (return) home late. …………………………………………………………………………. 6. He (write) a long novel at present? ……………………………………………………………………………. 7. Look! The bus (come) ………………………………………………………………………………… 8. The earth (move) around the sun. …………………………………………………………………………………. 9. I (feel) hungry now. …………………………………………………………………………………. 10. They often (thank) me for what I do for them. 10
………………………………………………………………………………... IV/ Choose the best answer: 1. Pharmacists are………………………….at a college of pharmacy. A. studied B. trained C. learned D. done 2. We should have a ………………………examination every 6 months. A. medicine B. medicate C. medical D. medicinal 3. I want to buy some aspirins. Let’s go to the pharmacy. A. department store B. drugstore C. clothing store D. bookstore 4. You have……………..sore throat. Take………..three tablets………..day. A. - / - / a B. a / - / a C. a / the / a D. a /a / - 5. Blood………and X – ray are ways to discover the cause of some illnesses. A. checks B. tests C. exams D. diagnosis 6. ……………………are used for curing diseases. A. Vaccines B. Vitamins C. Drugs D. Machines 7. You have a toothache. Why don’t you go to see a………………….? A. pharmacist B. physician C. chemist D. dentist 8. People try to avoid getting sick by……..properly, exercising and relaxing. A. eat B. eating C. eaten D. ate 9. Women ………….keep a healthy lifestyle to avoid cardiovascular disease. A. have to B. has to C. must D. A & C 10. Vegetables should be carefully washed whether eaten fresh………cooked. A. but also B. or C. not only D. if SECTION 5: FURTHER PRACTICE: Read the following drug instructions and check whether the statements are True (T) or False (F): Purity Mouthwash Diotum Directions for use For stomachache Put a teaspoonful of Purity Mouthwash into a Take the tablets every 4 hours. They can cure small cup and wash out your mouth for one your stomachache in a few hours. minute twice daily. This mouthwash is Adults: two tablets each time especially useful for a sore throat or for a bad Children from 6 to 12 years old: one tablet each breath. time. Note: If you use this mouthwash, yo ur tongue Chew the tablets and swallow them with water. and teeth may become slightly yellow. Do this for 12 hours after your stomachache However, you can usually prevent this if you has disappeared. This prevents your brush your teeth first ly. stomachache from returning. If your Warning: Do not swallow the mouthwash. Do stomachache does not improve, see your not let children play with it doctor. Warning: Do not take more than the dose stated above. Anti – Sting Paratecil tablets For insect bites and stings. Help to prevent pain For headaches, colds and influenza and itching Dose: Important: Used on the skin only. Rub gently Adults and children over 12 years: one to two on the skin two or three times daily for up to tablets, three or four times daily. Don’t three days. Keep out of the reach of the continue to take the tablets for more than three children. days. If you do not get better after this time, see If there is no improvement within three days, your doctor. see your doctor Do not take more than the dose. Keep the 11
tablets in a safe place because they can be dangerous to young children. 1. Take two Paratecil tablets every four hours for up to three days. ........... 2. Wash your mouth out with Purityl Mouthwash once in two days ............ 3. Use Anti – Sting for mosquito bites. ............ 4. If you have bad breath, take two Diotum tablets. ............ 5. Put two Diotum tablets in water and swallow them. ............ 6. Don’t take Paracetil tablets longer than three days. ............ 7. You can swallow Anti – Sting to help to prevent pain. ............ 8. If you use Purityl, your teeth may change color a little. ............ 9. All the labels advise us to put the medicines where children can reach them ........ 10. See a doctor for help if Paratecil tablets do not cure your symptoms. ........... REVISION UNIT 1 & UNIT 2 I/Choose “my, your, his, her, its, our, or their” to complete the following sentences: 1. Ask me to lower……… ....arm. 2. You have a rash on …………..shoulders. 3. He’s got a scar on……………..left forearm. 4. Would you straighten……….left leg, please? 5. The baby has a pain in……………….stomach. 6. John has a cut on ………..thigh. 7. She has a pain in.........head. 8. Ask him to raise....................hand. 9. Peter and Mary are students. ...............parents are dentists. 10. Would you lift..................right foot, please? II/Complete the sentences using one of the words in the parentheses: 1. (that/ those) What is………………………..over there? 2. (That/ Those) …………………………………..computer is broken. 3. (that/ those) Where are…………………………keys? 4. (This/ These) ………………………………shoes are too tight. 5. (That/ Those) ……………………………….house is big. III/Choose have, has, do, does, go or goes to complete the sentences: 1. She……………………………..a new dress. 2. What………………………the doctor say? 3. I………………………………..a cold. 4. When……………….we eat? 5. Doris and Jim……………………………..a new baby. 6. My mother……………………………….to school at night. 7. You ................shift work. 8. He usually...............a late shift. 9. They ............on duty at 2 p.m. 10. The nurse..................her best to help the sick. IV/Choose at, in or on to complete the sentences: 1. I have an appointment…………one o’clock. 2. My sister takes a nap…………….the afternoon. 3. School starts…………………..September 7th. 4. Steven does his homework………………………..the evening. 12
5. I was born …………………..1948. V/Choose a, an, some to complete the sentences: 1. The girls are eating……………………………bananas for a snack. 2. She has ………….twelve year old son. 3. Sandra eats………………….apple for lunch. 4. The children found………….matches on the table. 5. Maria is…………single mother. VI/ Use each verb once to fill in the blank: flies runs sleeps buys fixes hospital 1. Jose……………………………….the smoke detector. 2. Nancy…………………………………a helicopter. 3. Maria…………………………..eight hours every night. 4. Alex…………………………………….vegetables to make a salad. 5. Susan…………………………………one mile three times a week. 6. Tom needs to go to the…………………………….. VII/ Use the Simple present or the Present Continuous of the verbs in brackets and put the adverbs in the correct position: Hanh and Ngoc (be)…..in the doctor’s wait ing room. The doctor (have).…............ a patient in his consulting room and there (be)……. two or three people before Hanh and Ngoc. Ngoc: I (be)……. tired of waiting. I (have)……… so many things to do. Hanh: You (have to)………… patient. The doctor (examine)……… another patient. He ( not /be able to) ……………….do everything at once. Ngoc: How you (feel)……..................……. now? Hanh: Not at all well. I (think) ……..…..my temperature (rise)…………... Ngoc: (always / you / cough)…………………. so much in the morning? Hanh: I (suffer)……………. from bronchitis every winter and this year it (give).............. me more trouble than usual. Ngoc: What (usually / the doctor / prescribe) ………………..for the cough? Hanh: He (generally / give)…………….. me antibiotics. Ngoc: It (be) ………..your turn. The doctor (call) …………. your name. VIII/ Read the text and answer the following questions: Delcolgen R Syrup Indications: DelcolgenR Syrup is specifically designed for the oral therapy of cold syndrome. It relieves headache, muscle and joint pains and general malaise as well as checks fever and chills which usually accompany upper respiratory infections. It is most useful in controlling allergic manifestations such as sneezing, and runny nose, and nasopharyngeal inflammation. Recommended dosage (3 – 4 times a day) Infants: 2, 5 – 5ml (1/2 – 1 teaspoonful) 2 – 6 years: 5 – 10ml (1 – 2 teaspoonful) 7 to 12 years: 15ml (1 tablespoonful) Adults: 30ml (2 tablespoonfuls) Or as prescribed by the physician. 1. What is Delcolgen used for? 2. Can it be useful to release sneezing, runny nose and nasopharyngeal inflammation? 3. How many times should we use Delcolgen a day? 4. How much of Delcolgen should we give to a 2 – 6 child? 5. 10ml is equivalent to:………………………….teaspoonfuls 13
UNIT 3: CANCER SECTION 1: READING COMPREHENSION Kathy is on her way to the hospital. She had a mammogram last week and the film showed some lumps in her breast that had not been there before. A mammogram is not painful. A machine takes a picture of your breast. Kathy’s doctor recommends that she have a mammogram every two years. Kathy is 48 years old. Her mother at the age of 56 died of breast cancer. As with all cancers, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are very important. Her mother never went to doctor. Finally, when she was feeling so poorly she went to the hospital and they told her she had breast cancer. By then it had spread to her bones and several months later, she died. Today, they are going to take more pictures of Kathy’s breast. If the lumps are malignant (or cancerous), they will need to be removed before the cancer spreads to other parts of her body. Kathy knows she is at high risk for breast cancer since her mother died of it. Kathy watches her weight, eats a low fat diet, and exercises. She does a monthly breast self – examination and knows that most lumps found in the breast are not cancerous but women need to see their physicians to find out for sure. Cancer is caused by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. A cancerous cell grows and divides endlessly, crowding out nearby healthy cells and eventually spreading to other parts of the body. A mass, or collection, of cancer cells is called a malignant tumor. More than 500,000 Americans die of cancer each year. Of these deaths, almost 180,000 could have been prevented with early diagnosis and prompt treatment. It is estimated about 30 percent of the population in the United States will eventually develop some types of cancer. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Use the story on Cancer to answer the following question. Answer in complete sentences: 1. What type of cancer did Kathy’s mother die of ? ……………………………………………………………………………… 2. What is a mammogram? ……………………………………………………………………………… 3. How often does Kathy get a mammogram? ……………………………………………………………………………… 4. What does the word “malignant” mean? ……………………………………………………………………………… 5. Why is Kathy at high risk for breast cancer? ……………………………………………………………………………… 6. What is cancer caused by? ……………………………………………………………………………… 7. What two things are important in the treatment of cancer? ……………………………………………………………………………… 8. What are four things Kathy does to stay healthy? ……………………………………………………………………………… SECTION 2: GRAMMAR: Revision of the simple past tense. SECTION 3: SPEAKING: 1. Man: Anna, you look terrible. What’s the matter? Woman: I’ve got a splitting headache. Man: Oh, you poor thing! Why don’t you go and lie down for a while? Woman: Yes, I think I will. 2. Woman: What’s the matter, Lee? Are you OK? Man: No, not really. I‘ve got this awful toothache. 14
Woman: Oh, that’s terrible! You know you really should go to the dentist if it’s that bad. Man: Yeah, I suppose I should. 3. Woman: You look a bit pale. Are you all right? Man: No, not really. I’ve got such a sore throat I can hardly talk. Woman: Well, that’s no good. Maybe you shouldn’t be at work. Why don’t you go home? Man: I’d love to but I can’t. I’ve got too much to do. 4. Woman: That cough doesn’t sound very good, Carl. Man: Yeah, I know. I’ve had it for ages. I just can’t get rid of it. Woman:Well, I think you should stop smoking. Man: Oh, I don’t think it’s that. 5. Woman: Silvia, hi. Are you OK? Silvia: No, I’ve still got this cold. Woman:Oh, you poor thing. You’ve had it for weeks now. You should take some Vitamin C. Silvia: Yes, lots of people have told me vitamin C is good. Practice 1: Work in pairs What sympathy do these people get from their friends? What advice do they get? 1. She has got a headache. 4. He has got a cold 2. He has got a toothache. 5. He has a sore throat. 3. He has got a cough. Sympathy: Advice: A. That cough doesn’t sound very good.  F. Lie down for a while   G: Go to the dentist  B. Oh, that’s terrible.  H: Take Vitamin C  C. Oh, you poor thing.  I: stop smoking  D. Well, that’s no good.  J: Go home  E. Oh, you poor thing. Practice 2: Match the cause “flu; passive smoking; allergy; stress; diabetes” to the following symptoms: Symptoms: Symptoms:  swelling in the face  thirsty  skin rash  frequent urinating  watering eyes  tired  breathing problems  problems with eyesight Cause: Cause: Symptoms: Symptoms:  sore throat  sore throat  high temperature  bloodshot  aches and pains  headache  headache  asthma  runny nose Cause:  no energy Cause: Symptoms:  irritable  tired  poor concentration 15
Cause: SECTION 4: PRACTICE: I/ Write the sentences in the past tense. The first one has been done for you. Marta is at school today. Marta was at school yesterday. 1. Today I am tired. ……………………………………………… 2. He is busy today. ……………………………………………… 3. They are ill today. ……………………………………………… 4. You are sick today. ……………………………………………… 5. It is hot today. ……………………………………………… II/ Complete the conversation using the correct form of the verbs in brackets (simple present or simple past): A: Where you (live)…………..? B: In Dublin. A: …………you….….. (like) Dublin? B: Yes, we do. We………(like) the Irish people, too. My wife……….. (not/ like) the rain very much. She…………. (prefer) sunny weather. A: When…………you ………….. (move) here? B: We……………….. (move) here about four years ago. III/ Match the words with similar meanings: 1……………………. ccasionally understand 2………………..….... start occurs 3…………………….. couple begin 4……………………. everal some 5……………………… realize dash 6……………………… accept sometimes 7……………………… attends hefty 8……………………… heavy visits 9……………………… happens believe 10…………………… rush two IV/ Fill in the blanks: Use each word once from the box to fill in the blank: surgery bones breast painful recommends risk treatment diagnosis spread mammogram malignant lump 1. Maria is at high…………………………..for the breast cancer. 2. The cancer has spread to the………………………………………….. 3. The lump was removed by……………………………………………….. 4. Early diagnosis and prompt……………………… are important. 5. Grace has a……………………every two years. 6. Silvia has………………………………cancer. 7. The cancer had………………………to her bones. 8. A mammogram is not…………………………………… 9. Early ………………and prompt treatment are important with all cancers. 10. …………………………..means cancerous. 11. Ruth’s doctor………………..she have a mammogram every two years. 16
12. Kathy found a …………………….in her breast. V/ Put these words in the correct order to make sentences: 1. when / in / 84 / died / he /he / 1980 / was ………………………………………………………………….. 2. to / she / ago / moved / years / Spain / three. …………………………………………………………………………. 3. of / didn’t / out / he / the / but / he / slipped / fall / tree. ………………………………………………………………………………… 4. feet / begin / swell / when / your / did / to? ………………………………………………………………………………… 5. stood / rain / two / for / hours / she / the / in ………………………………………………………………………………… VI/ Choose the best answer: 1. Your tonsils can get swollen when you have a sore…………………….. A. eye B. throat C. toe D. lips 2. The……………….is located in the middle of the arm. A. elbow B. ankle C. shoulder D. knee 3. You shouldn’t drive because this medicine might make you feel………… A. swollen B. pain C. sleepy D. insomnia 4. She may never walk again because her…………was so badly injured. A. spine B. finger C. eye D. ear 5. Discontinue using this cream immediately if it makes you feel………… A. sleepy B. itchy C. sprain D. bandage SECTION 5: FURTHER PRACTICE: I/ Rearrange the sentences to make a dialogue between a doctor and a patient: ------------ Turn up your trousers so that I can have a look at it. ------------ I’m worried as I am catching a plane this evening. ------------ How did you manage to do that? ------------ You should have it X – rayed immediately. ------------ You can go to the X – ray Department this afternoon at 2.30 p.m. ---------- -I fell and sprained my ankle. ------------ It seems to be swollen, compared to my other ankle. ------------ Will you fix an appointment for me? ------------ Does it hurt to walk on? ------------ I jumped off a ledge in the garden and twisted my ankle. II/ Translate the following passage into Vietnamese: 1/Cancer is the second leading cause of death in America. It remains one of the least understood diseases and, partly for that reason, one of the most feared. In cancer, cells of the body become altered and then multiply rapidly, creating clusters of cells whose growth is uncontrollable. These cell clusters, or malignant tumors, can proceed to invade bodily tissue and cause damage to the body’s organs. In many cases, the eventual outcome is death. 2/Read the directions carefully before use. Consult the physician for more information. This drug is only used with the physician’s prescription 17
STOP AND CHECK 1 A/ VOCABULARY: 1/ Exercise on Body Parts – Whole Body: Can you name the parts of the human body? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2/ Match the words with similar meanings: 1……………………dangerous remedy 2……………………defect combine 3……………………twice two 4……………………cure blemish 5……………………mix risky B/ GRAMMAR FOCUS: I/Choose the best answer: 1. The patient lost so much weight that his …………….were sunken in. A. toes B. mouth C. nose D. cheeks 18
2. We’ll put a cool cloth on your ………………to get your fever down. A. teeth B. tongue C. forehead D. knees 3. The doctor wrote me a……………….for a new type of pain reliever. A. prescription B. examination C. description D. radiation 4. ……………….from this medication include nausea and depression. A. stress B. symptoms C. side effects D. signs 5. Your grandfather will be able to walk better after his ……………surgery. A. chin B. hip C. waist D. arm II/Put these words in the correct order to make sentences: 1. fell / stairs / broke / neck / he / down / the / and / his ………………………………………………………………………………… 2. night / patient / took / last / the /pill / a / sleeping. ………………………………………………………………………………… 3. a / drugstore / opened / yesterday / she. ………………………………………………………………………………… 4. eye / when / you / lose / did / your / right / sight / the / of? ………………………………………………………………………………… 5. didn’t / forty / day / she / cigarettes / a / smoke. ………………………………………………………………………………… III/Put the verb in the brackets into Simple Present, Present Continuous or Past tense: 1. She often (walk) past the waiting room. …………………………………………………………… 2. At the moment she (help) the staff nurse. …………………………………………………………… 3. your brother (walk) to the store now? …………………………………………………………… 4. Maria (bath) her children every day? …………………………………………………………… 5. Yesterday I (be) sick. …………………………………………………………… 6. He (not/be) busy today. …………………………………………………………… 7. You (not/take) three tablets per day. …………………………………………………………… 8. he (go) to work at the same time every day? …………………………………………………………… 9. Marta’s two year old son (drink) a half bottle of medicine yesterday morning. …………………………………………………………… 10. you (attend) lectures on physiology last month? …………………………………………………………… IV/ Use the following words to finish the gaps in the paragraph below: cheeks nose tongue neck mouth ears brain hair face upper body throat teeth jaw forehead eyes lips chin scalp Inside the head is the (1)……………, which is responsible for thinking. The top of a person’s (2)………………is covered with (3)……………..Beneath the hairline at the front of the (4)…………….is the (5)…………..Underneath the forehead are the (6)…………….for seeing, the (7)………… for smelling, and the (8) …………… for eating. On the outside of the mouth are the (9)…..……., and on the inside of the mouth are the (10)…………..for biting and the (11)………….for tasting. Food is swallowed down the (12)…………At the sides of 19
the face are the (13)…………..and at the sides of the head are the (14) ………… for hearing. At the bottom of a person’s face is the (15)……………….The (16)………………..is located on the inside of the cheeks and chin. The (17)……………is what attaches the head to the (18)…………… V/ Read the following passage and answer the following questions: Teeth do lots of things. They help you eat by chewing food. It’s the first step in the process of digestion. Teeth also help you talk. Say the word thirsty and the little. Did you feel your tongue touch your upper front teeth? You should have felt it on the th- and the –tle. You need your teeth to create certain sounds in speech. Teeth help determine how you look. They support muscles in your face. If you didn’t have teeth, your lips would go inward. Teeth are the hardest parts of the human body. They often survive long after the bones have decayed. Although they are hard, teeth can decay. Have you ever had a hole in a tooth? It develops when t iny bacteria eat away at the enamel. Luckily, a dentist can fill the holes that bacteria make. Once a tooth decays, it can more easily break. That’s why it’s so important to keep clean. Brushing your teeth helps get rid of bacteria and the bits of food t hat bacteria feed on. 1/ Human teeth are.................................................................... A. an important part of the digestive system. B. beautiful when you smile and talk. C. to make your lips full. D. what lucky dentists look after. 2/ In order to pronounce the word thing, you need to........................................... A. let your lips go inward. B. use your teeth together with your tongue. C. learn how to make a speech. D. support your face with your teeth. 3/ How many main things teeth do to humans according to the 1st paragraph? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five 4/ Teeth are............................................................................................... A. the hardest parts of the human body which survive forever. B. hard but they can also decay. C. too hard to break. D. filled by dentists when they decay. 5/ We can avoid tooth decay by..................................................................... A. living next to the dentist’s. B. feeding bacteria with food. C. keeping teeth clean. D. filling the hole ourselves. VI/Translate the passage into Vietnamese: HEADACHES A headache is one popular kind. When we have a headache, we feel as if some little man is pounding our brain with a hammer. There are three kinds of headaches: migraine headaches, cluster headaches and muscle headaches. When we have migraine headaches, the pain occurs on only one side of the head and starts in the arteries. The patients feel a change in vision and may vomit. These headaches are more frequent in women than in men and sleep is the best cure for them. About 90 percent of all headaches start in the head and neck muscles. The patients usually feel sore in the morning; aspirin doesn’t help a headache very much. There are many ways to treat them. We can use medicine but sometime s the doctor must analyze patient’s daily living patterns. The doctor can advise us to change in diet, in the way of working and to decrease the tension when we are working. 20