Lecture Glencoe world history - Chapter 22: East Asia under challenge (1800-1914)

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After Western influence increased in China, internal and external forces brought down the Qing dynasty and led to civil war. The shogunate opened Japan to the West, only to be overthrown. The Meiji Restoration brought reform and industrialization as well as Japanese imperialism.

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Nội dung Text: Lecture Glencoe world history - Chapter 22: East Asia under challenge (1800-1914)

Chapter Introduction Section 1: The Decline of the Qing Dynasty Section 2: Revolution in China Section 3: Rise of Modern Japan Visual Summary
In what ways can one culture influence another? During the Meiji Restoration, the imperial court was moved to the shogun’s palace in Edo (now Tokyo). The palace was eventually replaced with the Japanese Imperial Palace, which houses the emperor and his family today. It has been rebuilt many times because of fires and war. It has been restored using traditional Japanese architecture. In this chapter you will learn how Japan emerged as an industrial society. • What elements of traditional Japanese culture were affected by ideas of Western civilization? • How has Japanese culture influenced life in the United States?
The Decline of the Qing Dynasty What factors led to the decline of China’s Qing dynasty?
Revolution in China How did China change as a result of revolution and Western Influence?
Rise of Modern Japan How did Western technology lead to Japan’s modernization?
The BIG Idea Competition Among Countries As the Qing dynasty declined, Western nations increased their economic involvement with China.
Content Vocabulary • extraterritoriality • Open Door policy • self-strengthening • indemnity • spheres of influence Academic Vocabulary • highlighted • exclusive
People and Places • Guangzhou • Chang Jiang • Hong Kong • Hong Xiuquan • Guang Xu • Empress Dowager Ci Xi • John Hay
Can a country close its borders to all trade and still be successful? A. Yes B. No A. A B. B 0% 0%
Causes of Decline Pressure from the West and corruption, government incompetence, and peasant unrest from within led to the decline of the Qing dynasty.
Causes of Decline (cont.) • Western powers wanted China to loosen trade restrictions that limited trade to the port at Guangzhou. • To compensate for Britain’s unfavorable trade balance, the British began trading opium. Opium Imported Into China
Causes of Decline (cont.) • The Chinese retaliated with a blockade on Guangzhou, sparking the Opium War. • The British navy quickly defeated the Chinese by sailing up the Chang Jiang to Nanjing.
Causes of Decline (cont.) • In the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842, the Chinese agreed to: – Open five coastal ports – Limit taxes on British imports – Pay for the cost of the war – Give Hong Kong to Great Britain – Allow Westerners living in China the right of extraterritoriality
Causes of Decline (cont.) • The Qing dynasty began to suffer from corruption, peasant unrest, and incompetence. Population growth created a food shortage and many people died of starvation. • Hong Xiuquan led a peasant revolt called the Tai Ping Rebellion (1850–1864).
Causes of Decline (cont.) • The rebellion called for social reforms, such as giving land to peasants and making women equal to men. • Europeans helped the Qing dynasty defeat the Tai Ping when they saw how destructive the Tai Ping forces were. • The Tai Ping rebellion was one of the most devastating civil wars in history, during which as many as 20 million people died.
Causes of Decline (cont.) • The Qing dynasty was in decline and called for reforms under a new policy called “self- strengthening.” • The Chinese government wanted to adopt Western technology but keep Confucian values. It modernized the military and built up industries while keeping the culture.