Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 10: The muscular system (part b)

Chia sẻ: Tttttttt Tttttttt | Ngày: | Loại File: PPT | Số trang:24

Thêm vào BST

Báo xấu

36
lượt xem 1
download

Download Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ

The muscular system (part b), This chapter presents the following content: Muscles of the thorax, muscles of the abdominal wall, muscles of the pelvic floor, muscles of the perineum, superficial muscles of the thorax, superficial muscles of the posterior thorax.

Chủ đề:

Bình luận(0) Đăng nhập để gửi bình luận!

Lưu

Nội dung Text: Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 10: The muscular system (part b)

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College CHAPTER 10 The Muscular System: Part B Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Thorax • Muscles of respiration • External intercostals—more superficial muscles that elevate ribs for inspiration • Internal intercostals—deeper muscles that aid forced expiration • Diaphragm • Partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities • Most important muscle in inspiration • Innervated by phrenic nerves Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
External intercostal (a) Internal intercostal Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.10a
Muscles of the Thorax PLAY A&P Flix™: External intercostals PLAY A&P Flix™: Internal intercostals Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Xiphoid process of sternum Foramen for inferior vena cava Foramen for esophagus Costal cartilage Central tendon of diaphragm Diaphragm Foramen for aorta Lumbar vertebra 12th rib Quadratus lumborum (b) Psoas major Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.10b
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall • Four paired muscles; their fasciae and aponeuroses form the lateral and anterior abdominal wall • Internal obliques • External obliques • Transversus abdominis • Rectus abdominis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Pectoralis major Serratus anterior Linea alba Tendinous Transversus abdominis intersection Internal oblique Rectus abdominis External oblique Aponeurosis of the Inguinal ligament external oblique (formed by free inferior border of (a) the external oblique aponeurosis) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.11a
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall • Fascicles of these muscles run at angles to one another, providing added strength • All are innervated by intercostal nerves • Actions of these muscles • Lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk • Help promote urination, defecation, childbirth, vomiting, coughing, and screaming Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Rectus abdominis External Internal oblique oblique Lumbar IIiac crest Pubic fascia tubercle Transversus Lumbar abdominis fascia Inguinal ligament (b) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.11b
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall PLAY A&P Flix™: External obliques PLAY A&P Flix™: Internal obliques PLAY A&P Flix™: Rectus abdominis PLAY A&P Flix™: Transversus abdominis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor • Pelvic floor (pelvic diaphragm) is composed of two paired muscles • Levator ani • Coccygeus • Both are innervated by sacral nerves Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor • Functions of the pelvic diaphragm • Seals the inferior outlet of the pelvis • Supports pelvic organs • Lifts pelvic floor to help release feces • Resists increased intra-abdominal pressure Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Perineum • Urogenital diaphragm • Anterior half of perineum, inferior to pelvic floor • Deep transverse perineal muscle • External urethral sphincter (voluntary control of urination) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anterior Levator Pubococcygeus Symphysis pubis ani IIiococcygeus Urogenital diaphragm Urethra Vagina Anal canal Obturator internus Coccyx Levator ani Piriformis Coccygeus Posterior Pelvic (a) diaphragm Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.12a
Urethral External urethral opening sphincter Vaginal Inferior pubic ramus opening Deep transverse perineal muscle Central tendon Anus External anal sphincter Male Female (b) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.12b
Muscles of the Perineum • Muscles of superficial perineal space • Ischiocavernosus • Bulbospongiosus • Superficial transverse perineal muscles • External anal sphincter (in posterior half of perineum) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Urethral Clitoris opening Anus Vaginal opening Penis Midline raphe Ischiocavernosus Bulbospongiosus Superficial transverse perineal muscle Levator ani Gluteus maximus Male Female (c) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.12c
Superficial Muscles of the Thorax • Most are extrinsic shoulder muscles • Act in combination to fix the shoulder girdle (mostly the scapula) and move it to increase range of arm movements • Actions include elevation, depression, rotation, lateral and medial movements, protraction, and retraction • Two groups of muscles: anterior and posterior PLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles that act on the shoulder joint and humerus: An overview (a) PLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles that act on the shoulder joint Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. and humerus: An overview (b)
Superficial Muscles of the Thorax • Anterior extrinsic shoulder muscles • Pectoralis minor • Serratus anterior • Subclavius • (Pectoralis major considered later with muscles that act on the humerus) PLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles of the pectoral girdle (a) PLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles of the pectoral girdle (b) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Sternocleido- Subclavius mastoid Clavicle Subscapularis Deltoid Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis Sternum Serratus anterior Biceps brachii Humerus (a) PLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles that act on the shoulder joint and humerus: An overview (b) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.13a