Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 7: The skeleton (part a)

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Chapter 7 - The skeleton (part a) provides knowledge of the skull. After completing this unit, you should be able to: Name, describe, and identify the skull bones. Identify their important markings; compare and contrast the major functions of the cranium and the facial skeleton.

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Nội dung Text: Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 7: The skeleton (part a)

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College CHAPTER 7 The Skeleton: Part A Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Axial Skeleton • Consists of 80 bones • Three major regions • Skull • Vertebral column • Thoracic cage Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cranium Skull Facial bones Clavicle Thoracic cage Scapula (ribs and Sternum sternum) Rib Humerus Vertebral Vertebra Radius column Ulna Sacrum Carpals Phalanges Metacarpals Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals (a) Anterior view Phalanges Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.1a
The Skull • Two sets of bones 1. Cranial bones • Enclose the brain in the cranial cavity • Cranial vault (calvaria) • Cranial base: anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae • Provide sites of attachment for head and neck muscles Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Skull 2. Facial bones • Framework of face • Cavities for special sense organs for sight, taste, and smell • Openings for air and food passage • Sties of attachment for teeth and muscles of facial expression Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Bones of cranium (cranial vault) Coronal suture Squamous suture Lambdoid Facial suture bones (a) Cranial and facial divisions of the skull Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.2a
Anterior cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa (b) Superior view of the cranial fossae Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.2b
Cranial Bones • Frontal bone • Parietal bones (2) • Occipital bone • Temporal bones (2) • Sphenoid bone • Ethmoid bone Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Frontal Bone • Anterior portion of cranium • Most of anterior cranial fossa • Superior wall of orbits • Contains air-filled frontal sinus Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Frontal bone Glabella Parietal bone Frontonasal suture Supraorbital foramen Squamous part (notch) of frontal bone Nasal bone Supraorbital margin Superior orbital Sphenoid bone fissure (greater wing) Optic canal Temporal bone Inferior orbital Ethmoid bone fissure Lacrimal bone Middle nasal Zygomatic bone concha Ethmoid Infraorbital foramen Perpendicular bone Maxilla plate Mandible Inferior nasal concha Vomer Mental foramen (a) Anterior view Mandibular symphysis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.4a
Parietal Bones and Major Associated Sutures • Superior and lateral aspects of cranial vault • Four sutures mark the articulations of parietal bones with frontal, occipital, and temporal bones: 1. Coronal suture—between parietal bones and frontal bone 2. Sagittal suture—between right and left parietal bones 3. Lambdoid suture—between parietal bones and occipital bone 4. Squamous (squamosal) sutures—between parietal and temporal bones on each side of skull Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Coronal suture Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Parietal bone (greater wing) Ethmoid bone Temporal bone Lacrimal bone Lambdoid Lacrimal fossa suture Squamous suture Nasal bone Occipital bone Zygomatic Zygomatic bone process Maxilla Occipitomastoid suture External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Alveolar Styloid process margins Mandibular condyle Mandible Mandibular notch Mental foramen Mandibular ramus Mandibular angle Coronoid process (a) External anatomy of the right side of the skull Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.5a
Occipital Bone • Most of skull’s posterior wall and posterior cranial fossa • Articulates with 1st vertebra • Sites of attachment for the ligamentum nuchae and many neck and back muscles Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Sagittal suture Parietal bone Sutural bone Lambdoid suture Occipital bone Superior nuchal line External occipital Mastoid protuberance process Inferior Occipitomastoid nuchal External Occipital suture line occipital condyle (b) Posterior view crest Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.4b
Maxilla Incisive fossa (palatine process) Intermaxillary suture Hard Palatine bone Median palatine suture palate (horizontal plate) Infraorbital foramen Maxilla Zygomatic bone Sphenoid bone Temporal bone (greater wing) (zygomatic process) Foramen ovale Vomer Foramen spinosum Foramen lacerum Mandibular Carotid canal fossa External acoustic meatus Styloid process Stylomastoid Mastoid process foramen Temporal bone Jugular foramen (petrous part) Occipital condyle Pharyngeal tubercle of basilar region of Inferior nuchal line the occipital bone Parietal bone Superior nuchal line External occipital crest External occipital Foramen magnum protuberance (a) Inferior view of the skull (mandible removed) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.6a
Temporal Bones • Inferolateral aspects of skull and parts of cranial floor • Four major regions • Squamous • Tympanic • Mastoid • Petrous Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Squamous region External acoustic meatus Mastoid region Zygomatic process Mandibular fossa Mastoid process Tympanic region Styloid process Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.8
Maxilla Incisive fossa (palatine process) Intermaxillary suture Hard Palatine bone Median palatine suture palate (horizontal plate) Infraorbital foramen Maxilla Zygomatic bone Sphenoid bone Temporal bone (greater wing) (zygomatic process) Foramen ovale Vomer Foramen spinosum Foramen lacerum Mandibular Carotid canal fossa External acoustic meatus Styloid process Stylomastoid Mastoid process foramen Temporal bone Jugular foramen (petrous part) Occipital condyle Pharyngeal tubercle of basilar region of Inferior nuchal line the occipital bone Parietal bone Superior nuchal line External occipital crest External occipital Foramen magnum protuberance (a) Inferior view of the skull (mandible removed) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.6a
Ethmoid Cribriform plate Frontal bone bone Crista galli Olfactory foramina Anterior cranial fossa Optic canal Sphenoid Lesser wing Greater wing Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Hypophyseal fossa Foramen spinosum of sella turcica Foramen lacerum Middle cranial fossa Internal acoustic Temporal bone meatus (petrous part) Jugular foramen Hypoglossal canal Posterior Foramen magnum cranial fossa View Parietal bone Occipital bone (a) Superior view of the skull, calvaria removed Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.7a
Sphenoid Bone • Complex, bat-shaped bone • Keystone bone • Articulates with all other cranial bones • Three pairs of processes • Greater wings • Lesser wings • Pterygoid processes Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.