Lecture Management accounting: An Australian perspective: Chapter 1 - Kim Langfield-Smith
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Chapter 1 - Management accounting: information for managing resources and creating value. The objectives of this chapter are to introduce: Organisations in the 21st century, what is management accounting? Management accountants within organisations. Inviting you refer.
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Nội dung Text: Lecture Management accounting: An Australian perspective: Chapter 1 - Kim Langfield-Smith
- Chapter 1 Management accounting: information for managing resources and creating value Copyright 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd, PPTs t/a Management Accounting: An Australian Perspective 3/e by Langfield-Smith, Thorne & Hilton Slides prepared by Kim Langfield-Smith
- Australian organisations in the 21st century Increasing global competition in the 1990s Reduction/elimination of input tariffs, quotas and bounties Deregulation of telecommunications industries Corporatisation and privatisation of public sector continued Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 2
- Australian organisations in the 21st century Shift from primary production, to resources to servicebased economy Increasing customer demands Rise of the internet and ecommerce New organisational structures, strategies and management philosophies Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 3
- What is management accounting? …the processes and techniques that focus on the effective use of organisational resources, to support manager in their tasks of enhancing both customer value and shareholder value Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 4
- What is management accounting? Customer value The value that a customer places on particular features of a product or service Shareholder value The value that shareholders or owners place on a business Resources Financial and nonfinancial, including information, work processes, employees, committed customers and suppliers Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 5
- Management accounting systems An information system that produces the information required by managers to manage resources and create value Includes regular estimates of the cost of goods and services, information for planning and controlling operations, and information for measuring performance Adhoc information to satisfy managers’ shortterm and longterm decisionmaking needs Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 6
- Management accounting information Focus is on the needs of managers within the organisation Great flexibility in the nature of information supplied Influenced by Production and service technologies, organisational structure, organisational size, level of sophistication of computer systems Relevant to senior managers through to operational managers Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 7
- Management accounting vs. financial accounting Financial accounting The practice of preparing and reporting accounting information for parties outside the organisation Costing systems are common to both financial and management accounting A system that estimates the cost of goods and services as well as the cost of organisational units, such as departments Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 8
- Management accounting vs. financial accounting Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 9
- Management accounting within organisations Most large organisations have a ‘finance function’ at the corporate level Senior accountants Financial controllers, chief accountants, finance managers, GM of accounting, group accountant Accounting staff may be found in each operating division ‘Management accounting’ increasingly involves managers in other areas of the business Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 10
- Processes and techniques of management accounting Systems that support the organisation’s formulation and implementation of strategy Information to help managers manage their resources, through systems of planning and control Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 11
- Processes and techniques of management accounting Estimates of the costs of an organisation's outputs, to support the strategic and operational decision making needs of managers Contributes to activities that seek to improve the organisation’s competitive advantage Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 12
- Management accounting and strategy Management accounting can support the organisation's formulation and implementation of strategy Mission statement Defines the purpose and boundaries of the organisation Vision The desired future state or aspiration of an organisation Use by senior managers to focus the attention and energies of staff Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 13
- Management accounting and strategy Objectives Specific statement of what the organisation aims to achieve, often quantified and relating to a specific period of time Strategies The direction that the organisation intends to take over the long term, to meet its mission and achieve its objectives Ways to manage the organisation's resources to create value for customers and shareholders Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 14
- Management accounting and strategy Major decisions What business will we operate in? How should we compete in that business? What systems and structures should we have in place to support our strategies? Corporate strategy Decisions about the types of businesses to operate in, which businesses to acquire and divest, and how best to structure and finance the organisation Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 15
- Management accounting and strategy Business (or competitive) strategy The way a business competes within its chosen market Strategy implementation Putting plans into place to implement and support business strategies Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 16
- Management accounting and strategy Competitive advantage Cost leadership Product differentiation Management accounting systems should provide information to support the formulation and implementation of an organisation's strategies Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 17
- Planning A broad concept that is concerned with formulating the direction for future operations Allows an organisation to consider and specify all resources needed in the future Occurs at all levels of the organisation A budget is an example of a shortterm plan Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 18
- Controlling Involves putting mechanisms in place to ensure that operations proceed according to plan, and objectives are achieved Management accounting information provides information for control by comparing actual performance against plans, targets or budgets Control systems are the systems and procedures that provide regular information to assist in control Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 19
- Planning and control Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 20
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