Lecture Management accounting: An Australian perspective: Chapter 3 - Kim Langfield-Smith
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Chapter 3 introduce the cost behaviour, cost drivers and cost estimation. In this chapter you will learn: What are cost behaviour, cost estimation and cost prediction? Cost drivers. Inviting you refer for more information.
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Nội dung Text: Lecture Management accounting: An Australian perspective: Chapter 3 - Kim Langfield-Smith
- Chapter 3 Cost behaviour, cost drivers and cost estimation Copyright 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd, PPTs t/a Management Accounting: An Australian Perspective 3/e by Langfield-Smith, Thorne & Hilton Slides prepared by Kim Langfield-Smith
- Basic concepts Cost behaviour The relationship between a cost and the level of activity or cost driver Cost estimation The process of determining the cost behaviour of a particular cost item Cost prediction Using knowledge of cost behaviour to focus the level of cost at a particular level of activity Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 2
- Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 3
- Cost drivers A cost driver An activity or factor that causes costs to be incurred The higher the correlation between the cost and cost driver, the more accurate is the description and understanding of cost behaviours Conventional understandings of cost behaviour regarded costs as variable or fixed, based on the level of production volume continued Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 4
- Cost drivers Contemporary viewpoints recognise that there are a range of possible costs divers other than production volume (nonvolume cost drivers) Activitybased approaches classify costs and cost drivers into four levels: Unit Batch Product, and Facility continued Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 5
- Cost drivers Unit level costs Relate to activities that are performed for each unit produced Uses conventional volumebased cost drivers Batch level costs Relate to activities performed for a group of product units Product (or productsustaining) level Relate to activities performed for specific products or product groups Facility level Costs incurred to run the business continued Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 6
- Cost drivers Selecting the best cost drivers Input or outputs? An example of an input cost driver is the weight of material, and an output driver is the number of units of production Cost benefit principles will determine the choice How detailed should the analysis be? Long or short term? Cost behaviour and cost drivers can change over time Depends on the purpose of the cost prediction continued Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 7
- Cost drivers Cost drivers for cost estimation or cost management? Cost drivers that are used to predict costs, may differ from those used to manage costs Effective cost management requires the identification of root cause cost drivers The basic costs that cause a cost to be incurred The true causes of costs continued Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 8
- Cost drivers In choosing cost drivers the costs and benefits of each driver must be assessed: Reasons for analysing cost behaviour Timeframes for analysing the cost behaviour Availability of data on cost drivers, and Any other uses for the cost behaviour information Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 9
- Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 10
- Cost behaviour patterns Cost behaviour patterns Variable costs Fixed costs Stepfixed costs Semivariable costs Curvilinear costs continued Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 11
- Cost behaviour patterns Variable costs Change in total in direct proportion to a change in activity The variable cost is the slope of the cost line in the following cost function: Y = a + bX Where Y = total cost a = fixed cost component (the intercept on the vertical axis) b = variable cost per unit of activity (the slope of the line) X = the level of activity continued Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 12
- Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 13
- Cost behaviour patterns Fixed costs Remains unchanged in total as the level of activity varies As activity increases, total fixed costs do not change, but unit fixed cost declines Contemporary approaches to cost analysis recognise that there are cost drivers for some of these “fixed” costs, and very few costs remain fixed continued Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 14
- Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 15
- Cost behaviour patterns Stepfixed costs Remain fixed over a wide range of activity levels but jump to a different amount for levels outside that range Semivariable cost Has both fixed and variable components Curvilinear cost Has a curved cost line, but is often approximated as a semivariable cost function continued Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 16
- Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 17
- Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 18
- Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 19
- Cost behaviour patterns Cost structures are shifting towards a decreasing proportion of costs that vary with production due to: Labour being replaced by equipment, which does not vary with production output Production wages moving towards fixed salaries that do not vary with production activity levels Copyright ª 2003 McGrawHill Australia Pty Ltd, 20
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