Modulating DNA damage response in uveal melanoma through embryonic stem cell microenvironment

Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults, with a median survival of 4–5 months following metastasis. DNA damage response (DDR) upregulation in UVM, which could be linked to its frequent activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, contributes to its treatment resistance.