Môn Lịch sử 10 và tuyển tập đề thi Olympic 30 tháng 4: Phần 1

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Phần 1 tài liệu Tuyển tập đề thi Olympic 30 tháng 4 môn Lịch sử 10 giới thiệu tới người đọc các đề thi Olympic lịch sử về các chủ đề: Xã hội nguyên thủy, xã hội cổ đại, Trung Quốc phong kiến, Ấn Độ và Đông Nam Á phong kiến. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo nội dung chi tiết.

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Nội dung Text: Môn Lịch sử 10 và tuyển tập đề thi Olympic 30 tháng 4: Phần 1

CHWNG I xA H6I NGUY£:N T H U Y Cau 1 Phan tich va neu ro npi dung (thdi gian, cong cu lao dpng vd ddi song, to chOc xa hpi) c d c giai dogn hinti thdnh, phot trien vd tan ra c u a xd hpi nguyenthuy. DAPAN 1. Thcfi k i hinh thanh a) Thdi gian : Thdi k i hinh thanh ciia che dO xa h ^ i nguyen thuy tMng lifng vdfi thdi do da cu (each day 40 000 nSm trd ve trifdfc den 3,5 tri$u nSm). b) To chuTc xa hoi: Bay ngUdi nguyen thuy. Ngirdi thiforng c6 da c6 quan he hop quan goi la b^y ngif&i nguygn thuy, s6'ng theo quan h§ ruot thit gom til 5 den 7 gia dinh, c6 ngiiiii Mng d i u . c) Cong cu lao dong va ddi song: diiac ghh mot mat tho so. Do la nhCfng chiec riu van n&ng. Biet dung lijfa vk lay lijfa. Song trong hang dong. D&i song ho^n to^n phu thu6c vao s&n duoi v^ hdi lifom. Do la cuoc song til nhien bap benh, keo dki trien mien may trieu nam. 2. Thcfi k i phat trien a) Thdi gian : Thdi k i phat trien cua che d6 cong xa nguyen thuy tuang ufng v(Ji cuoi thdi do da cu, hau k i do da giQa wk do da mdri (each day 10 000 nam den 40 000 nam ve tri/dc). b) To chvlc xa h^i: Thi tQC, bo lac. Tif khi ngudi tinh khon xua't hi§n, dan s6' d6ng len. Moi nhom ngUdi c6 tr§n diidi 15 gia dinh, gom 2 - 3 the h? c6 chung dong mau, duoc goi la thi toe.
Chaang I. XA HQI N G U Y E N T H U Y 7 6 Vdi ch§' d6 cong xa thi tQC mau/h§, trong thi toe c6 sU phan cong, hdp tAc - Giai cap xuat hien : lao dong. Cac thanh vien hLfdrng thu bang nhau, cao hofn nufa la sir cong dong. Khi tuf hOfu xua't hien, gia dinh cung thay doi theo. Do la gia dinh phu Bo lac la tap hop mOt s6' thi tQC c6 ho h^ng vdi nhau. GiCfa cac thi tpc he. Kha nang lao dong cua cac gia dinh cang thuc day sif phan biet giau trong mpt hg lac c6 quan h$ gan bo giup d3 nhau. ngheo. Ke giau ngudi ngheo, ngifdi c6 quyen, ke bi le thuoc xuat hien nhy cai bong ciia che dp tif hifu. The la xa hoi chia thanh giai cap. c) Cong cu lao d^ng va ddi song : - Cung ten : Mot thanh tifu Idn. Vdi cung t§n, ngifdi ta chuyen tii s&n Che do cong xa nguyen thuy tan vd. Con ngifdi dang dufng trudc ngudng ciifa ciia thdi dai xa hoi c6 giai cap dau tien - thdi Co dai. dudi sang san hAn, c6 hif u qua va an toan cao. (De thi chinh thutc nam. 2000) - Riu, dao, nao, due : Dd difOc ghe deo thanh hinh dang gon va chinh xdc, thich hop vdi titog cong vi^c, dUOc mai nhan d ria lifSi hay toan than, Cau 2 duac khoan lo hay c6 nac de tra cAn. Ve so do ve thdi gion va moo phot trien tQ loai vaon cd den ngUdi tinh khon. - Lirdi danh ca b^ng v6 cay. IVIieu ta hinhi dgng, cong cu son xua't, ddi song kinhi te va mdi quan h$ xa hoi cua ngudi tinh khon trong thdi xd hpi nguy§n thuy, - Do go'm. Nhd cong cu lao d6ng t6't hcfn, thuTc an tang l§n ddng ke, nha't la thufc C O DAP AN an dong vat. NgiTdi ta c6 the rdi hang dong ra CLT trii ngoai trcri nhieu ban. a) Ve so do ve thdi gian va cac moc phat trien tCf vuan co den ngi/di tinh Tii san ban hai luam da tien tdti trong trot va chan nuoi. Con ngifcri da bat khon : dau biet khai thac thien nhien, song c6 van hod (c6 "quan do" bang da thii, vong deo co bang v6 6c, dng sdo bang xaong, dan hkng dd,...). Vuan CO Ngifdi thacing co Ngi/di tinh khon H \ )( > 3. Thori ki tan ra : 6 trieu n a m 4 trieu nam 4 van nam Ngay nay a) Thdi gian : Thofi ki tan ra ciia che do cong xa nguy§n thuy tiTcfng iJng v
8 Chiiang I. X A HOI N G U Y E N THUY 9 - D d i song k i n h te : • - Cling l a m , cijng hJdng, tinh - C i i a d u thiTa x u a t h i e n d a n Quan he + Chuyen tijf k i n h t e h a i liJcfm, s a n hAn s a n g c h a n n u o i v a t r o n g t r o t . k i n h te cong dong cao n h a t => n g u y e n d e n x u a t h i e n c h e do t U hHu N e n k i n h t e n o n g n g h i e p so k h a i d a n d a n x u a t h i e n . tac cong bang ciia xa hoi nguyen thuy + B i e t k h a i t h a c t r o n g t h i e n n h i e n c a i ckn t h i e t c h o cuoc s o n g c i i a m i n h , l a m s a c h nhOfng t a m d a t h u de c h e t h a n , l a m do t r a n g sijfc. Quan he - M o i c u a e a i l a c i i a c h u n g , m o i - X a h p i xua't h i e n ngufdi g i a u , xa h o i t h a n h vien d e u b i n h d t n g n h i f ngifcfi ngheo => g i a i cap xuat - T o chuTc x a h o i : nhau hien. Xa h p i nguyen thuy ran + G i a d i n h b a t d a u x u a t h i e n , h i n h t h a n h n h o m , m o i n h o m c6 k h o a n g nuft v a t a n r a 15 g i a d i n h , g o m 2 - 3 t h e h e g i a t r e c6 c h u n g d o n g m a u d u o c g o i l a t h i t g c . (De thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen Ld Khiet) + N h i e u t h i t o e q u a n c\i t r o n g m o t k h u vifc dqoc g o i l a b o l a c , dufng d a u bo l a c l a cac g i a l a n g h a y t i j t r i J d n g , giufa cac t h i t p c t r o n g m o t b p l a c t h q d n g CO q u a n h e g d n b o v d i n h a u , g i u p d 8 n h a u . Cau 4 (Be thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen Tien Clang) Lgp sd do the hi^n si; tien trien cue xa hoi nguyen thuy, Cau 3 DAP AN So sdnh hai gici dogn phat trien cua xd hpi thi tpc thdi nguyen thuy. Da cu hau ki Da mdi Kim khi Da cu sd ki (4 trieu ndm) (40 000 nam) (10 000 n i m ) (5 500 nam) DAP AN - R i u t a y t h o sot - Dao, n a o , lao - cung t e n - R i u , dao, l i e m h a i So sdnh Thi tpc m l u h# Thi tpc phy h# - S a n b a t , h a i lucfm - H a i lifcsm, s a n b a n - L a m g o m v a d e t t h u cong T h d i gian - 4 0 000 n a m trUdc C o n g - 6 0 0 0 n a m trUdc C o n g - d trong hang - 0 n h a l e u - c6 q u a n a o , - Chan nuoi, trao doi, ki thuat n g u y e n : ngiTdi t i n h k h o n . nguyen^ : ngifdi t i n h k h o n . t r a n g sufc trong trot H a u k i d a cQ - do d a m d i Dong - sat ( k i mk h i ) - N g i f d i t h i f c f n g co - Ngadi tinh khon - Gia dinh C o n g cu - Dao, nao b a n g da, r i u da da - R i u , dao, h e m , h a i b a n g k i m lao dong m a i sac suf d u n g c6 h i e u q u a . l o a i =:> n a n g sua't t a n g , ciia d u - B a y ngifdi nguyen - T h i toe - bO l a c phu he - T i r hufu thuy - P h a t m i n h c u n g t e n => e a c h thCfa x u a t h i e n - Cling lao dong, hifdng t h u . B i n h dang mang k i thuat v a k i n h t r o n g ngifcfi g i a Phqorng - H a i luam, san bat, trong trot - T r o n g t r p t , chSn nuoi, t h u y l o i , (De thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen Ly TU Trong) thufc k i e m - C h a n n u o i - d a n h ca => v a i l a m g o m , d e t , t r a o d o i => v a i t r o song ngUdi d a n b a ducrc de eao t r o ngLfcfi d a n b a dUtfc de cao T o chufc - G i a d i n h - t h i toe. - G i a d i n h - t h i toe. Cau 5 xa h o i - B o lac. C o n c a i l a y t h e o h o m e - B o lac. C o n c a i l a y t h e o h o c h a Qua nhCfng l
10 Chuang I.XA HOI NGUYEN THUY 11 DAP AN cong viec chung va hufdng m o t k h a u p h a n nhieu hon ngUcJi khac : tU hCTu xuat a) Nhifng to chttc xa hoi cua xa hoi nguyen thuy : h i e n , quan he cong dong h i pha v d . - Bay ngufcfi nguyen thuy : - T L T huTu xuat h i e n da dSn den sU thay doi t r o n g xa h o i : Day l a to chuTc xa h o i dau t i e n ciia loai ngUdi. Ho song quay quan theo * Do cong viec nang nhoc nhtf cay hiia, l a m thuy l o i , dan b i n h , t i m thiJc quan he r u o t t h i t v6i nhau, gom 5 - 7 gia d i n h . Do bay gicr chtfa c6 nhCifng a n ngon v a t la of xa, ngufdi dan ong eo vai tro t r u cot t r o n g gia d i n h . Gia quy d i n h xa h o i nen ngifcfi t a goi l a nhOng hop quan xa h o i . d i n h phu he xuat h i e n thay the cho gia d i n h b i n h dang thcfi nguyen t h u y . - To chufc t h i toe : * K h a n a n g lao dong eiia cac gia d i n h cung thiic day t h e m sU p h a n biet La to chufc t r e n dLfd'i 15 gia d i n h gom 2 - 3 the he gia tre eo chung dong giau ngheo. mau, ducfc goi la t h i toe nhufng ngirdi "cCing ho". DuTng dau l a tpc trucfng. * Nhijfng ngirori eo chufc p h a n chiem doat m o t phan san p h a m xa h o i l a m - To ehuTe bo lac : cua r i e n g . Bo lac l a m o t to chufc I d n hcfn, bao gom m o t so t h i toe song canh nhau, NhU vay, xa h o i da p h a n chia t h a n h ke giau ngUdi ngheo, ke c6 quyen CO ho h a n g v d i nhau va cimg m o t nguon goc to t i e n . Dufng dau l a t u tri/omg. life va nguori h i le thuoc. X a h o i p h a n chia t h a n h giai cap. Nhufng ngu:cfi c6 - Quan he t r o n g xa h o i nguyen thuy : dia v i k i n h te, c h i n h t r i to chufc r a bo may nha nUde de bao ve quyen Igi eiia m i n h . . . , xa h o i nguyen thuy t a n r a . L a hop tac lao dong, hufdng t h u b ^ n g nhau. su' eong dong : m o i ciia cai, m o i s i n h boat dufgc coi la chung. (De thi de nghi cua TrUdng Trung hoc Chuyen ban Thi xS Cao Lanh) - V i sao CO quan he do ? * Do yeu cau ciia cong viec va t r i n h do lao dong. Cau 6 Lgp b a n g so sdnh, phan tich sa khac nhau ve : Nien d g i , thdi dgi khao c d , kT * Tii lieu s a n xuat la ruong, ao, ho, rCrng chua c6 dieu k i e n k h a i thae, n a n g suat t h a p , thufc an ehufa nhieu,... . thugt c h e t a c va logi hinh c o n g c u lao d p n g , phUdng thC/c kiem song, ddi song vgt chdt v d guan he xd hoi g\Qa hai thdi ki b a y ngLfdi nguyen thuy vd Do dieu k i e n t i i n h i e n va cuoc song kho k h a n , ho p h a i l a m chung, a n c o n g xd thj tgc. chung, t h a m chi a ehung. DAP AN b) SI/ xuat hien cong cu lao dong kirn loai da c6 y nghia : - TCr 5 500 n a m den k h o a n g 4 000 n a m each ngay nay, ngifcfi t a da biet B a y ngUcJi nguyen thuy C o n g xa thj tpc dung dong thau de due vu k h i , cong cu lao dong. - Cach day k h o a n g tii - Cach day khoang tii 4 v a n n a m 1) - K h o a n g 3 000 n a m trade day, dan Tay A va N a m chau A u da b i e t due 4 t r i e u n a m den 4 v a n den 6 000 n a m N i e n dai va dung do sSt. nam 2) - T i i t h d i scf k i da cu - T d t h d i hau k i da eii den h e t - Cong cu k i m k h i da mof r a thcfi dai m d i ma tac dung va n a n g suat lao T h d i k i do den h e t t h d i t r u n g k i t h d i da m d i dong vufgrt xa t h d i dai do da. N h a t la sit giup ngudi k h a i pha, cay sau, cuoc da cu da cu bSm, xe go dong t h u y e n , xe da. Day la cuoc each m a n g t r o n g san xuat, ngifofi ta CO the l a m r a m o t lugng san p h a m thiTa de nuoi song m i n h . No da dem 3) - Ngudi t h u g n g cd b a t - Cach ngay nay tii 4 v a n n a m i a i b i e n d6i I d n t r o n g san xuat va ddi song ciia ngUdi nguygn t h u y . K i thuat che dau biet che cong eu den 1 v a n n a m T C N : V d i k i tac va loai goi la do da cu (tho t h u a t ghe da, ngudi t i n h k h o n che c) Su xuat hien tU hHu : h i n h cong kech), t h a y r i u t a y tao r a nhieu loai cong cu cam tay M o t so ngufori Igi dung chiiTc phan (toe trUorng, t u t r u d n g , chi huy dan "van nang" n h u r i u , dao, nao, lao, ... va biet cu lao dong b i n h , phu t r a c h le nghi) chie'm m o t p h a n san p h a m x a hoi k h i chi eho cac che cung t e n
12 Chaong I. XA HOI N G U Y E N T H U Y 13 - T h a n h tiTu khoa hoc chufng m i n h : - Cdch n g ^ y nay tif 1 v a n nSm den 6 000 nSm : Vdi k i t h u a t m a i , + Khoa hoc da t i m dufoc hkng chu'ng n o i l e n sir p h a t t r i e n lau d a i ciia khoan, cifa (dd), con ngucri b i e t s i n h g i d i : D o n g v a t cap t h a p len dong v a t cap cao. D i n h cao ciia qua t r i n h che tao n h i e u l o a i cong cu t h i c h nay la sir chuyen b i e n tiT vUOn t h a n h ngudi. hop cho tCrng cong viec, h i n h dang + CJ chfing dau ciia qua t r i n h p h a t t r i e n , xuat h i e n loai viTOn c6, c6 the gon, dep, c h i n h xac va biet Ikm duTng va d i b a n g h a i chan. Xirong hoa t h a c h duac t i m t h a y or D o n g P h i - Tay do gom, dan l\Xdi (danh ca) A - T r u n g Quo'c va V i e t N a m . 4) - S&n hit, h d i lucfm TU s&n b a n , h a i luom, d d n h ca, + Cdch ngay nay k h o a n g 4 t r i e u n a m viTcfn cd chuyen b i e n t h a n h ngudi PhUorng thufc t i e n tdi biet t r o n g t r o t va chSn thirong cd (neu m o t so d&c d i e m cua ngUdi thiTcfng cd). D i cot t i m t h a y of k i e m song nu6i Dong P h i , Gia-va (In-do-ne-xi-a), Bac K i n h ( T r u n g Qudc). 5) - C6n dua v^o tu - Con ngUori b i e t k h a i thdc t h i e n + Qua lao dong, che tao cong cu va suf dung cong cu,... con ngiTdi tiTng Dori so'ng n l i i e n , d d i so'ng bap nhi§n phuc vu cuoc s6'ng : hudc t\i cai b i e n , hoan t h i e n m i n h . v a t chat benh, thap k e m + Chii d6ng t i m k i e m thuTc a n - NgU&i tliuTcfng CO song - Quan d i e m duy v a t khoa hoc la dung d a n . + Chuyen tii k i n h te hAi lufcfm cf hang dong, m a i da, ... sang san xua't (De thi de nghi cua Trt/dng THPT Nguyen Du) - B i e t giO liifa va tao - Ngucfi t i n h k h o n b i e t cir t r u Cau 8 ra liifa "nha cijfa", c6 n h u cau che t h a n a) Neu di§n bien hai bade nhdy vot trong qua trinh tl§'n hod tO vao'n thanh cho a m v ^ cho "c6 v a n hoa", biet dung do t r a n g siJc ngadi hi0n dpi, 6) Co quan he hop quan b) "Con ngadi ta cai bien minh, hodn thi$n minh tang bade nhd lao dpng" - Xuat h i e n t h i toe, bo lac xa h o i : Co ngirdi dilng (sdch gido khoa Ljch sCf Idp 10, trang 4). Quan he - H o p tac lao dong xa h o i dau, c6 p h a n cong viec - Cung l a m , cung hudng nhiT nhau - Hdy gidi thich y kien tren. giCIa n a m va nU, cung - Khi lao dpng chdn toy gidm di dang ke, con ngadi se ta cdi bien minh - M a n g t i n h cong dong chSm soc t r e em bdng each ndo de gia dadc chdn toy vd hinh ddng dep de ? - K h o n g c6 tir hQu va hoc l o t (Be thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Ben Tre) DAPAN a) DiSn bien hai bade nhay vot trong qua trinh tien hoa tCf vMn thanh ngadi: Cau 7 - BiXdc n h a y v o t thuf n h a t : VUdn t h a n h ngudi thifong cd : Co may quan diem ve nguon goc loai ngudi ? Daa vao nhJng thdnh ti/u + Viron cd song each ngay nay k h o a n g 6 t r i e u n a m d D o n g P h i , T a y A , khoa hoc da dUdc hoc hoqc doc them, hdy trinh bay quan diem cua em ve van de nay. T r u n g Qud^c va a V i e t N a m . + C6 the d i dufng b a n g h a i chan, d u n g tay de cam n a m , Sn thiTc v a t va DAP AN dpng v a t n h d . - Co h a i quan d i e m ve nguon go'c loai ngi^di : + Cach day 4 t r i e u nSm viTcfn cd b i e n t h a n h ngiTcfi thifong cd. + Quan dig'm duy t a m , t o n giao (do thifong de, t h a n t h d n h tao ra). Ngirdi thirpng cd d i diJng bang h a i chan, d o i tay duorc tiT do de suf dung -I- + Quan d i e m duy v a t khoa hoc (do m o t dong v a t cao cd'p - giong vUcfn cd cong cu. Nao da xuat h i e n t r u n g t a m p h a t t i e n g n o i , d i cot t i m t h a y d In-do- bien hoa t h a n h ) . ne-xi-a, D o n g P h i , B^c Kinh.
14 Chifang I. XA H O I N G U Y E N T H U Y 15 - Bade nhay v o t thur h a i : Ngtrcfi t h u g n g c6 t h a n h ngudi t i n h k h o n : Ban c h a t cua x a h o i n g u y e n t h u y : L a m o t x a h o i c o n g b a n g va b i n h dang, + K h o a n g 4 v a n nSm each ngay nay, ngudi t i n h k h o n xuat h i e n con goi t i n h c o n g d o n g b i i t buoc do c o n ngiTdi p h a i diTa vao n h a u de t o n t a i . la ngufdi h i e n d a i . b) So sanh xa hoi nguyen thuy va xa hoi cong san van minh : + Ngirdi t i n h khon c6 cau tao ccr the n h u ngifcri hien dai, xuat hien chung toe. Npi dung Xa hpi Xa hoi + D i cot ngudi t i n h k h o n t i m t h a y d k h a p eac chau lue t r e n the gidi. so sanh nguyen thuy cpng san van minh b) Giai thich y kien ''Con ngifdi tut cai hien minh, hoan thien minh titng bifdc B i n h dang, cong bang B i n h dang, cong bang B a n chat nhd lao dong": Co s d v a t Cong cu t h o so. N a n g sua't Cong cu p h a t t r i e n va hoan + Qua lao dong ehe tao va sijr dung cong cu lao dong, b a n tay con ngufdi chat xa h o i lao dong tha'p, c h i dii a n , t h i e n . N a n g sua't lao dong kheo leo d a n . cao, ciia c a i v a t chat d i i cho k h o n g CO thira + Do lao dong, eo the con ngu&i cung bien doi theo de c6 t u the t h i c h hop. t a t ca m o i ngiTdi + Do n h u eau lao dong, n h u cau trao ddi tie'ng n o i xuat h i e n va ngay Y thdc T i n h cong dong b ^ t buoc T i i nguyen l a m theo n a n g luc cang t h u a n thuc. hirdng theo n h u cau Nhd lao dong con ngudi da h o ^ n t h i g n m i n h . (De thi dc nghi cua Tntdng THPT Mac Dinh Chi) - Sir cai bien cua con ngudi t r o n g tuong l a i : + Lao dong chan tay g i a m d i , n h u n g sir t i e n hoa ciia loai ngudi h i e n nay k h o n g hoan toan 1$ thuoc vao lao dong ma p h a n I d n le thuoc vao t r i n h dp van m i n h . CHlfONG II + Con ngirdi se c6 nhuTng phiTong phap t h i c h hop de giiir va l a m t a n g ve dep h i n h the cua m i n h : X A HOI C O DAI Tap t h e due, the thao. Cau 1 0 * Tao r a m o i trirdng song t h i c h hop k h i m o i trUdng ben ngoai thay d d i Trinh b a y n h Q n g t h d n h t i i u n d i b g t c u a n e n v d n h o d c d d p i p h U d n g D o n g ? bat l o i cho viec duy t r i h i n h dang dep. C h o b i e t t h d n h t a u n d o c 6 y n g h l a Idn nhd't d o i v d i v d n m i n h l o d i n g i i d i ? (De thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Nguyen Du) Cau 9 DAP AN Trinh b a y tinh c p n g d o n g c u a t h i t o e , q u a d o n e u b a n chd't c u a x d h o i a) NhCfng thanh ti/u ndi bat cua nen van hoa c6daiphiiOng Dong: n g u y e n t)rty^y ? H d y n e u sU g i b n g . n h a u v d l
16 Chuang II. XA HOI CO DAI 17 + NgUori Ladng H a con xay d a i t h i e n v a n 7 tang, t i n h dMc n h a t thiTc, Cau 11 nguyet thiTc. So v6i vdn hod c d d g i phaong Dong, v a n hod c d d p i Hi Lap vd R6-ma phdt - Chur viet va g h i chep : trien nhiJ the ndo (ve mat lich, chQ viet, khoa hoc, van hoc, ngh$ thugt) ? Vi + ChOf viet xuat hien sdm nhat d A i Cap, each day 5000 nam den 6000 nam. sao van hod c d dgi Hi Lap vd Ro-ma Igi phdt trien dUdc nha the ? + D a n g ehuf dau t i e n a A i Cap la chuf tUcrng h i n h . CJ Lxidng H a eo ehiJ DAP AN t i e t h i n h eua ngudi Su-me. + Ve sau p h a t t r i e n t h a n h chijf tiTdng y . a) Van hoa cd dai Hi Lap va Ro-ma phat trien han trud'c : - PhUcfng t i e n g h i chep : - Ve l i c h : + NgUdi A i Cap v i e t t r e n giay pa-pi-rut. + Caeh t i n h l i c h c h i n h xac h o n va r a t g a n v d i hieu b i e t ngay nay. Quan n i e m va ecf sd t i n h lich l a DdOng l i c h (phuong Dong la A m lich). -I- NgLTcfi Lufdng H a viet chu" t r e n d a t set r o i nung kho. + Quan n i e m T r a i D a t n h u qua cau t r d n . + NgUori T r u n g Quo'e khae chiJ t r e n xuTctng t h u , m a i riia. Ve sau viet t r e n the t r e (hoae true) va lua. -I- Ngufdi Rd-ma da t i n h diioe m o t n a m cd 365 ngay va 1/4, n e n ho d i n h - T o i i n hoc : m o t t h a n g I a n lufot cd 30 va 3 1 ngay, r i e n g t h a n g h a i cd 28 ngay ; cdn ngudi phUflng Dong t i n h m o t n a m chi cd 360 ngay dem. + NgLfdi A n Do da sang tao r a chO so 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,..., 9, ke ca so 0. + Hieu biet ve lich eiia ngUdi H i Lap va Rd-ma la ccf sd de t i n h lich ngay nay. + NgUdi A i Cap r a t gioi ve h i n h hoe, t i n h duoc so' Pi - 3,16 va biet t i n h dien tich cac hinh,.., . - Ve ehU viet : -I- NgLfdi Lifong H a gioi ve so hoc, biet l a m 4 phep t i n h , p h a n so (2/3, + Phuong Dong cd chU tugng h i n h . H i L a p va Rd-ma da sang tao r a he 5/6, 3/6) va k h a i can bae 2, bac 3,... . t h o n g c h u cai. Day la m o t p h a t m i n h va cong h i e n I d n lao ciia cU d a n D i a V 6 i nhOrng cong thuTe, d i n h l i ngiiori phuong Dong eo d a i da c6 the l a m T r u n g H a i cho loai ngUdi. nhCTng bai toan phuTc tap. Nhijfng hieu biet ve toan hoc eua hp da de l a i nhieu - Ve khoa hoc : k i n h nghiem quy bau, chuan h i cho bifdc phat t r i e n cao hon d t h d i k i sau. + Phuong Dong chi m d i diing l a i d nhOng hieu biet khoa hoc, cdn cU dan - K i e n true, dieu khSc : Dia T r u n g H a i da biet k h d i quat t h a n h nhUng d i n h l i , d i n h de d a t eo sd cho Ngirdi phuong Dong c6 d a i eo n h i e u cong t r i n h k i e n true, dieu khae tuyet cac n g a n h khoa hoc ngay nay. vc/i, do so..., the h i e n su lao dong sang tao va t a i n a n g ciia con ngudi. -I- Neu m o t so' d i n h luat va m o t sd nha khoa hoe tieu bieu. + T h a n h t h i c6 Ha-rap-pa a A n Do. -I- Sd hoc : PhUotng Dong c h i la sU g h i chep t a n m a n , t h u a n t u y "bien + O Luflng H a c6 t h a n h t h i cd Ba-bi-lon, vudn treo Ba-bi-lon, tiiong dau n i e n " . Cac suf gia H i L a p va Rd-ma da biet t a p h o p t a i lieu, p h a n t i c h va bo v.v... t r i n h bay ed he thd'ng l i c h sd m o t nUdc hay m o t C U Q C chien t r a n h . + d A i Cap C O K i m tu' t h a p , tuong N h a n sU. + Neu t e n m o t sd n h a sd hoc va cac tac p h a m cua ho : He-rd-dd't, Ta- - Y hoc : xit,... . + NgUcfi A i Cap hieu ro ve cau tao ca the con ngirdi (nhd iJdp xae...). -I- D i a l i : N h a dia l i hoc X t r a - b d n cua H i L a p eo d a i ed nhieu ddng gdp + Ngudi L u d n g H a , T r u n g Qude, A n Do,... da biet each chuTa nhieu loai noi t i e n g t r o n g viec t i m hieu vung D i a T r u n g H a i va de l a i nhieu t a i lieu cd benh khae nhau. gia t r i . h) T h a n h tUu c6 y nghia Idn n h a t dd'i v d i n e n v a n m i n h loai ngi/di la chuf - V a n hoe : viet, v i day la m o t p h a t m i n h Idn, bieu h i e n v a n m i n h cua loai ngudi. + d phuong Ddng m d i chi cd van hoc dan gian, d Dia Trung H a i da xuat (Oc thi I hinh Ihuc nJm 2U(>ii< hien nhUng nha van-r6-ten'tiaei,-4e4ai-^^^^ gia t r i den ngay nay.
18 Chaang II. XA H p I CO DAI 19 + N e u nhOrng n h a v a n n o i t i e n g va nhufng tac p h a m ciia ho : Ho-me-ra, DAP AN Xo-phoc-lor,... . C h i t i e t k h o n g dung : - Nghe t h u a t : 3. K h o a n g 2000 n a m T C N cU d a n d liJu vqc nay da b i e t suf dung cong cu + d phu-otng D o n g cd nhufng cong t r i n h do so nhu : V a n h' trUcfng t h a n h , bang sat. K i m t u t h a p , ... con a H i L a p va R6-ma de l a i nhieu tifcfng va den d a i m a n g 5. H o sd^ng chu yeu b a n g nghe chan nudi gia sue I d n . gia t r i h i e n thuc, n h a n dao va tror t h a n h nhOng kieu mSu cho d d i sau ; T u o n g liic S I n e m d i a , t h a n Ve nuT Mi-16... Cac cong t r i n h k i e n true cung d a t 6. H o xay dqng duoc nhiJfng K i m t q t h a p c6 gia t r i ngh§ t h u a t cao chila t d i t r i n h do tuyet m i n h i f : D e n Pac-te-nong, dau triTdng Co-li-de,... . dung n h i e u k i t h u a t k i e n true phdc t a p . (Oe thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Phu Nhuan) b) V a n hoa cd d a i H i L a p , R6-ma c6 the p h a t t r i e n difcfc n h u t h e v i : - T h d i g i a n h i n h t h a n h : Ra d d i muon h o n cac qudc gia cd d a i phifong D o n g ( h a n g n g h i n n a m ) do do da t i e p t h u ke thira n e n v a n m i n h ciia cac Cau 13 quo'c gia cd d a i phuorng D o n g . Hdy Idp b a n so sdnh nhQng d d c diem ve kinh te - xd hpi vd chinh trj c u a c d c - Do dieu k i e n tU n h i e n : Cau n d i giao luu giuTa cac vung, t i e p xuc v d i q u d c gia c d dqi phQdng Ddng vdi c d c q u d c gia c d dqi Dia Trung Hdi. bien da m d r a cho ho m o t chan t r d i m d i . DAP AN - Sq p h a t t r i e n cao h a n ve m a t k i n h te, c h i n h t r i xa h o i : Co sd k l t h u a t , dd sat, k i n h te cong thiTOng nghiep va h a n g h a i ; v a i t r d ciia t a n g Idp B a n g so sanh : t r i thufc xa h o i . K e t l u a n : Cac dieu k i e n t r e n la co sd de cac d a n toe H i L a p va Rd-ma Dac Cac qudc gia Cac qudc gia cd dai diem cd dai phi/dng Dong Dja Trung H c i i sang tao r a n e n v a n hoa cao h o n t h d i trqdc. (De thi chinh thClc nam 2002) Kinh Dieu k i e n t i i n h i e n thuan I q i : Nhor cd b i e n D i a T r u n g H a i n e n te' d liiu vqc cac ddng song I d n , sq giao t h o n g giufa cac nufdc v d i Cau 12 miia deu d a n , k h i h a u a m nhau t h u a n I q i . P h a n I d n l a n h Doc d o g n viet sou d a y vd chi ra nhQng chi tiet khong dung : ndng... t h d la n u i va cao nguyen. D a t canh tac i t , k h o n g m a u md -> NhQng dieu ki^n hinh thanh yo phdt trien c u a c d c q u d c gia c d d q i phUdng K i n h te : N o n g nghiep t h a m k i n h te t h u cong nghiep, thiiong Dong : canh, t h u cong nghiep, chan nghiep p h a t t r i e n nuoi 1. Che dp cong xd thi tpc tan rd, thdi ki mdi bdt d a u bang sa xudt hi$n t a hQu, Xa h o i P h a n chia t h a n h 3 giai cap : Xa h p i CO 3 giai cap : 2. Lau vac c d c d d n g song Idn d c h d u A - Phi Id ndi c d di§u ki^n thuqn Idi de xd hpi c d giai c a p vd nhd nadc x.udt hi^n. - Quy tdc : T a n g Idp cd dac - Chu no : R a t giau, cd the luc quyen k i n h te, chinh t r i 3. Khodng 2000 n d m TCN c a d d n d lau vac n d y d d biet sCf dung c o n g c u bdngsdt. i, - N o n g d a n cong xa : T a n g - B i n h d a n : D a n t q do cd nghe Idp xa h o i can b a n va la nghiep, t a i san, t q s i n h sdng 4. c a d d n song g d n b d vdi nhau bdi c o n g t d c thuy Idi. t h a n h p h a n san xuat chu b i n g lao dong ciia ban t h a n 5. Ho so'ng c h u y e u b d n g nghd c h d n nudi gia sue Idn. yeu - N o le : C h i e m so luqng I d n la 6. Ho xdy d a n g d a d c nhOng kim t a thdp c d gid trj ngh# thugt c a o chQa - No le : L a m viec hau ha Iqc lufong san xua't chii yeu, phuc d a n g nhieu kTthudt kien true phac t a p . t r o n g cung d i n h , d e n mieu, vu cac n h u cau d d i sdng, hoan 7. Ket c d u xd hpi taang Qng vdi nen kinh te ndng nghiep thdm canh, nha quy toe va nhufng cong toan le thupc vao ngUdi chii mua viec n a n g nhoc n h a t m i n h . K h o n g c6 chiit quyen nao
20 Chaang II. XA H p I CO DAI 21 - Che' dp quan chu chuyen - Che dp dan chii : Chinh quyen NgLfOc lai, thii cong va thifcfng nghiep phat trien cao nhd tai nguyen che trung Ucfng tap quyen, thupc ve cac cong dan : Dai hoi khoang san phong phu va giao thong dudng bien thuan loi. Nghe luyen sSt vua ty xUng la "Thien tuf" c6 cong dan bau va cijr ra cac co quan cung la mot nghe thu cong. quyen hanh tuyet doi ve nha nudc, quyet dinh moi cong Kinh te cong - thuong khong can phai tap trung mot so' dan dong nhu a chinh tri, quan siJ va ca ton viec ciia nha nUdc (tinh chat dan phiiong Dong (vi nhu cau thuy loi). Vi vay, d Dia Trung Hai da xuat hien cac giao chu rong rai). thanh bang. - The che nay dua tren sir b6c lot no le : Chi la nen chuyen chinh 3. Dac diem ve mat nha nifoTc : ciia giai cap chu no a) Phuang Dong: Che do chuyen che cd dai. DiJng dau bp may nha nifdc la vua va la vua chuyen che. (De thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Nguyen Du) Cau 14 b) Dia Trung Hai: Hc3y neu c a c d g c diem c u a c a c q u o c gia c d dgi phUdng Dong va c d c quoc The che dan chii (dan chii chii no). Tat ca cac cong dan hop thanh Dai gia c d d q i Dia Trung Hai ve c a c mOt: , hoi cong dan, bau va ciJf ra cac co quan nha nifdc, quyet dinh moi cong viec - Ldnh thd q u o c gia. nha nUdc. - The c l i e nha niJdc. Giai thich VI sac Iqi c 6 nhOng d g c diem khac nhau nhtj v g y ? 4. Giai thich : a) Phuang Dong: DAP AN Nen kinh te ndng nghiep la chu yeu. Vi nhu cau thuy loi, phai huy dong 1. Dac diem cd ban ve lanh tho quoc gia mot so dong dan. a) Pbirang Dong: Vua chuyen che vi thufdng la ngifdi co cong tap hop va tiTOng trutig cho Lanh thd quoc gia la vung dat dai rong 16n (hfu vuc song Idn) phat trien su thong nhat dat niJdc. thanh cac quo'c gia Idn. Vua giOf dac quyen ve chinh tri va ton giao. b) Dia Trung Hai: b) Dia Trung Hai: Lanh tho quoc gia la vung dat dai nho hep phat trien th^nh cac thanh bang. Nen kinh te difa chii yeu tren thu cong va thiTOng nghiep. Do sSt ra ddi khong chi cd tac dung canh tac ma con md ra mot trinh do ki thuat cao. Thii 2. Giai thich : cong nghiep phat trien cao va toan dien. Ve thuong nghiep, md rong buon - O phuong Dong dan ctf tap trung tai cac vijng dong bfing ven cac song ban trong khu vUc va cdc ntfdc phuang Dong. Idn nhir song Nin, An, HSng, Hoang Ha, khong bi doi nui chia cSt. Gidi chu no trd nen giau cd nhd san xuat, buon ban va bdc lot sdc lao Do nhu cau thuy loi, nen can tap trung mot so dan rat dong, lien minh dong cua no le. Ho cd the luc ca ve kinh te iSn chinh tri. Ho ru sach anh nhieu bo lac, vi vay d phuong Dong da xuat hien cac quoc gia c6 lanh tho hudng v^ dia vi ciia tang Idp quy toe cu song gan vdi rupng dat. rong Idn. Uy the cua quy toe xuat than la bo lao ciia thi toe da b; danh bat. Day la mdt qua trinh dau tranh gay go quyet liet mdi gianh difoc thang Ipi. - O vung Dia Trung Hai dat dai bi doi niii va cac eo bien chia cat thanh cac vung thung lung nho hep, dan ciT tiTng viJng song ngan each nhau. Dat Thang loi quyet dinh cua cupc dau tranh nay la sU hinh thanh mot the canh tac ft, kho cuTng, nong nghiep it phat trien. che dan chii. (De thi rfe nghi ciia TrUtlng THPT Chuyen Le Hong I'hong)
22 Chuang II. XA HQ I CO DAi 23 Cau 15 nha vua. Vua n i m t h d n q u y i n va phdp q u y ^ n , t u quyet d i n h m p i cong G i a i t h i c h t h a n h b a n g la g i ? Vi sao d Dia Trung Hai x u d t hi^n t h a n h b a n g ? vi$c ciia nha nudc. Con c^c t h a n h bang or D i a T r u n g H a i (dac biet la A-ten) P h d n t i c h t h e c h e c h i n h trj c u a t o chC/c t h a n h b a n g ( A - t e n ) . So s d n h t h e c h e t h i chii no va b i n h d a n la nhCfng cong d a n thUc t h u ) . c h i n h tri t h a n h b a n g ( A - t e n ) v 6 i c h e d p c h u y e n c h e c o ' d g i d p h U b n g D o n g . (Be thi de nghl cua Tri/dng THPT Ben Tre) DAP AN Cau 16 a) SU ra ddi cua to chtic thanh bang a Dia Trung Hai: Trinh b a y n h O n g d g c t r t f n g ve kinh t ^ , x d h p i . c h i n h trj c u a che d p c h i e m n o Hi L a p , R d - m a . Tinh c h d t d i e n hinh c u a x d h p i c h i e m n o t h e h i p n n h U t h e n d o ? - Do d a t dai p h a n t a n n h o , k h o n g c6 dieu k i e n tap t r u n g dong d a n c\i a nipt n o i . DAP AN - CiT dan song b l n g nghe t h u cong va buon ban n e n k h o n g can tap a) Nhvfng dac trifng ciia che dg chii'm nd Hi Lap, Rd-ma : t r u n g dong due. (xem cau 13, muc cac qudc gia cd d a i D i a T r u n g H a i ) . M o i vung la giang son cua mot bo lac (mot nUdc) gom t h a n h t h i va mot vung dat dai t r o n g t r o t xung quanh. Trong t h a n h bang cU dan song tap t r u n g b) Tinh chat dien hinh cua xa hgi chiem nd : d t h a n h t h i . T h a n h t h i c6 pho' xa, lau dai, den thcf, san van dong, nha hat va - So luong dong dao ciia no le t r o n g xa h p i (A-ten cd 30 ngan cong dan quan t r o n g hon ca la c6 ben cang. Cho nen goi nU6c do la t h a n h bang. nhUng CO den 300 n g a n nd 1§). b) The che chinh tri ci/a thanh bang (A-ten): - V a i t r o lao ddng quan t r o n g cua nd le t r o n g cac n g a n h k i n h te nong - M 6 i t h a n h bang la m o t nUdc r i e n g , c6 co quan h a n h c h i n h r i e n g , quan nghiep, cdng thuong nghiep, mau dich h a n g h a i . dpi r i e n g , l u a t phap r i e n g , tap quan r i e n g . - Su hoc l o t t r i e t de lao dpng nd 1$ da t r d t h a n h quan he bdc l o t chii dao. - DiJng dau t h a n h bang la m o t H p i dong do dan bau, n h i e m k i m o t n a m . (De thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen Ly TU Trong) Chii no va b i n h dan c6 quyen cong d a n , con kieu dan va no le k h o n g c6 quyen cong d a n . Cau 17 N e u d i e u kipn ta n h i e n v d nhOng t d c d p n g c u a nhQng d i d u kipn d 6 d e n siJ hinh - Day la the che d a n chii t r o n g t h d i cd d a i (dudfi cac h i n h thUc dan chu t h d n h v d p h d t trien c u a c d c q u c ' c g i a c d d g i p h i J d n g E)dng v d Dja Trung Hdi. chu no, cong hoa quy tpc) hoac h i n h thufc dai h p i n h a n dan. • > - O D i a T r u n g H a i , t h a n h bang c6 the che dan chii p h a t t r i e n cao n h a t DAP AN la A - t e n : a) Dieu ki$n tU nhiSn : + H o n 3 v a n cong d a n hop t h a n h dai h p i cong d a n , bau ra " H p i dong - Luu vuc cac sdng I d n is chau A , chau P h i ( song N i n d A i Cap, L u 9 n g 500", cuf ra cac co quan quyet d i n h m o i cong viec n h a nUdc (300 000 no le va Ha d I - r ^ c , sdng A n va song H a n g d A n Dp, H o a n g H a va Duong TiJf d T r u n g 15 000 k i e u d a n k h o n g c6 quyen cong dan). Qudc, song H o n g d V i e t N a m , . . . ) , noi cd nhUng dieu k i ^ n tU n h i e n t h u a n I p i la n o i xa h d i cd g i a i cap va nha nUdc xua't h i e n . + " H p i dong 500" c6 vai tro n h u "Qudc h p i " , n h i e m k i m o t n a m . O day bau 10 v i e n chUe dieu h a n h cong viec ( n h u k i e u m p t c h i n h phii) va cung c6 + N h U n g ntfi nay c6 n h i e u da't canh tac, cd mUa deu dan theo mua, cd n h i e m k i m o t nSm. Cac v i e n chUc n a y c6 the t a i ciJf neu dupc bau. k h i hau a m n o n g , (trU T r u n g Qudc, nhUng cung k h d n g l a n h nhU ngay nay), dan C U tap t r u n g k h a dong theo tUng bp lac t r e n cac t h e m da't cao gan song. c) So sanh v6i che do chuyen che c6 dai phucfng Dong : + Mac du cong cu b a n g ddng con hie'm (chii yeu con cong cu da, tre va Mac du v a n con b a n che la no le, k i e u d a n va phu nU k h o n g c6 quyen Sd) n h u n g hoan canh t u n h i e n da bu d^p l a i ra't n h i e u cho con ngUcri. D d n g cong d a n , nhUng so v d i che dp chuyen che' cd dai d phuong Dong t h i nen dan bang van song r p n g cho phep tap t r u n g n h i e u sure lao dpng. M u a mUa hSng chu chu no A - t e n t i e n bp hon. V i d phuong Dong m p i quyen lUc tap t r u n g vao
24 Chitang II. X A H Q I C O D A I 25 n a m l a m cho ni/nrc song dang cao phii l e n cac chan ruong t h a p m o t l
26 Chuang II. XA H p I CO DA| 27 + L a n h u f n g ngadi l a o d o n g h o a n t o a n t h u o c q u y e n s d hufu cua c h t i . H o CHVONG in k h o n g C O c h u t q u y e n n a o , k e ca q u y e n daac coi l a m ^ t c o n ngifcfi. H o duoc x e m l a m o t " c o n g cu b i e t n o i " . TRUNG QUOC PHONG K I E N + N o l e diroc suf d u n g r o n g r a i t r o n g cac c o n g v i e c s a n x u a t v a p h u c v u Cau 19 cac y e u c a u k h a c n h a u c i i a d d i so'ng. P h o n g t r a o n o n g d a n Trung Q u o c dUcJi t h d i p h o n g kien : + So luofng n 6 l e r a t d o n g , n h i e u g a p c h u c I a n c h u n o nhQng ngudi a ) H a y n e u t o r n t d t c a c c u p c k h d i nghTa c h i n h d a 6 i c a c t r i e u d g i p h o n g kien b i n h d a n . H o l a l i i c luTomg s a n x u a t c h u y e u n u o i s o n g x a h o i . Trung Q u o c . - Chu no : b) N e u khdi q u d t nhCng d g c d i e m c h u n g c u a p h o n g t r a o n o n g d d n ke tren. + L a cac c h u x t i d n g , c h i i 16, c h u t h u y e n , r a t g i a u c6. c ) N h g n x e t c h u n g v e n h O n g n g u y e n n h d n t h a t b g i v d y n g h i a lich sCf c u a c d c phong trdo nong d d n . + Co n h i e u n o l e , l a n g u d i c h u s d hOu h o a n t o a n d o i v d i n o l e , c6 toan q u y e n d o i v d i n o le c i i a m i n h . DAP AN + M t C O t h e life ca ve k i n h t e i S n c h i n h t r i . a) Tom tat cac cuoc khdi nghia nong dan qua cac thdi phong kiS'n : - N g u d i b i n h d a n ( d a n tiT do) : + K h d i nghia T r a n T h a n g ( T r a n Thiep) va Ng6 Quang n a m 209 TCN + L a n h O n g ngudi c6 n g h e n g h i e p c h i i t i t t a i s a n de t\i s i n h song gop p h a n l a m cho n h a T a n suy y e u v a s u p do. b a n g lao d o n g ciia b a n t h a n m i n h . + K h d i nghia Xich M y - L u c L a m t h d i V i i o n g M a n g cifdp n g o i n h a Tay H a n , vLfa c h o n g t r i e u d i n h T a y H a n v a c h o n g V u o n g Mang. + H o l a m d i i cac v i e c nha : S a n x u a t h a n g m l n g h e , l a m d i c h v u v ^ b u o n ban nho. + K h d i n g h i a H o a n g C a n ( K h a n V a n g ) : P h o n g t r a o n o n g d a n do T r u o n g Giac l a n h d a o c h o n g t r i e u d i n h D o n g H a n t h u c d a y T r u n g Q u o c c h i a r e v a + So d o n g n h c r n g ngiiori b i n h d a n t h i c h r o n g c h o i a n n h a n , s o n g n h d t r o suy y e u ( t h d i T a m q u o c ) , t r i e u D o n g H a n s u p do. c a p x a h o i , k h i n h l a o d o n g v i h o coi l a o d o n g l a c o n g v i e c c i i a n o l e . + K h d i n g h i a Hoang Sao txi n a m 8 7 4 d e n n a m 884 c h o n g p h o n g kien c) Nguyen nhan kbting hoang: nha D i i d n g t h o i n a t . P h o n g t r a o c6 q u y mo r a t I d n , n h a D i i d n g p h a i ddnh - N o le l a ILTC lugfng s a n x u a t c h u y e u c i i a x a h o i , l a n h O n g n g i f d i bao d e p khd khan, d a n d e n suy y e u v a sup do. d a m sir s o n g , s\i t o n t a i v a p h a t t r i e n c i i a x a h o i n h i t o g l a i b i k h i n h b i v a + Khdi nghia Chu Nguyen Chiiong (phong trao n o n g dan Hong Can) l o a i trijf, do do h p k h o n g ngCrng d a u t r a n h p h a n k h a n g che dp c h i e m no. c h o n g p h o n g k i e n n h a N g u y e n . K e t q u a t i e u d i e t nha N g u y e n , l a p n h a M i n h . - H i n h thufc d a u t r a n h c i i a n o l e : + K h d i n g h i a L y TiT T h a n h l a m n h a M i n h s u p do v a o n a m 1 6 4 4 . N h U n g + D a u t r a n h v u t r a n g , d i e n h i n h l a cupc khofi n g h i a ciia X p a c - t a - c u t ( n S m 73 sau do b i n g i i d i M a n C h a u d a n h do d a n d e n s\i thanh l a p n h a T h a n h ( t i l T C N ) or L t a - l i - a k e o d a i t r o n g h a i n a m g a y k i n h h o a n g , k h i e p so cho c h u n o . n a m 1644 d e n n a m 1911). + D a u t r a n h k i n h te (tif t h e k i H I ) : D a p p h a c o n g c u , p h d h o a i s a n x u a t , + T h a i binh T h i e n quoc : L a p h o n g trao n o n g d a n I d n m a n h n h a t , do c h a y l i f d i t r o n v i e c , bo t r o n , d a n d e n s a n x u a t b i g i a m s u t , d i n h d o n v a che Hong T u T o a n l a n h d a o c h o n g p h o n g k i e n n h a T h a n h t h o i nat. L a m c h i i 17 do c h i e m n o b i k h i i n g h o a n g , s u p do v a o n a m 476. t r o n g 18 t i n h T r u n g n g u y e n T r u n g Q u o c s u o t 15 n a m ( 1 8 5 0 - 1864). Nha T h a n h p h a i c a u k e t v d i cac nUdc de quoc p h t r o n g T a y danh d e p . (De thi cle nghi cua Tnfdng THPT Tran Quoc Tuani b) Khai quat nhOng dac diem chung cua phong trao nong dan Trung Quoc : + T r i e u d a i p h o n g k i e n n a o c u n g c6 k h d i n g h i a n o n g d a n . + Cac cupc k h d i n g h i a t h u d n g x a y r a v a o cuoi m o i t r i e u d a i , k h i m a u ^ h u a n p h a t t r i e n g a y g&t do t r i e u d i n h t h o i n a t .
28 Chuang III. TRUNG QUOC PHONG KIEN 29 + N h i e m v u c h i n h c i i a cac cuoc k h d i n g h i a l a c h o n g p h o n g k i e n (dau c) Tren iTnh vi/c khoa hoc kT thuat: t r a n h g i a i c a p ) . M p t v a i cuoc k h d i n g h I a c o n c h o n g n g o a i x a m ( e a c h mang - T h i e n v d n h o c : Tijr t h d i co d a i , ngUdi T r u n g Quo'c b i e t q u a n s a t t h i e n d a n toe) n h u C h u N g u y e n Chuomg c h o n g M o n g - Nguyen, Hong Tu Toan vdn - 8 0 0 t i n h t u , g h i c h e p d i i n g h i e n tirgfng n h a t t h u c , n g u y e t t h u c , quan c h o n g de quoc phLTOng T a y . sdt v i ' t d e n t r e n M d t T r d i , che tao d u n g cu do b d n g M d t T r d i t i n h l i c h , do + H a u h e t cac CUQC k h d i nghIa deu h i d a n ap t h a t b a i (ngoai tri^ k h d i dong da't. n g h i a c i i a C h u N g u y e n ChUcfng), n h i f t i g g 6 p p h a n t h u c d a y sir s u p do nhanh - L i c h p h d p : D o n h u c a u s a n x u a t n o n g nghi§p, tCf t h d i T a n - Hdn da c h o n g cdc t r i e u d a i p h o n g k i e n T r u n g Q u o c . p h d t m i n h n o n g l i c h , d i i a theo sir v d n h a n h M d t T r d n g . c) Nguyen nhan that bai va y nghia Ijch so" : - Y difOc hoc : K h d m b e n h , c h a m c d u , v i e t n h i e u bo s d c h chOa b e n h , g d n + N o n g d a n k h o n g d a i d i e n cho m 6 t life liTOng s a n x u a t m d i , t i e n b 6 , l i e n v d i cdc d a n h y : H o a D a , L y T h d i T r a n , . . . . k h o n g C O h e ta tifdng r i e n g , k h o n g c6 k h a n&ng x a y diTng c h e dp m d i . - Dieu kh^c, k i e n triic : + B a n c h a t ciia g i a i cap n o n g d a n ( k h o n g t h o n g n h a t ) . N g h e t h u a t d i e u k h d c co ra't s d m v a ra't p h o n g p h u , c h a m , k h d c t u o n g P h a t , cdc v i L a hdn... t r e n n g a v o i , gd,... . + T u y k h o n g d a n h do difac che d p p h o n g k i e n , c u o i c u n g b i d ^ n d p , t h a t b a i , n h u n g p h o n g t r a o n o n g d a n cho t h a y v a i t r o v a sure m a n h cua n o n g d a n , K i e n t r u e p h d t t r i e n riTc r d : C u n g d i f n , t h a n h q u d e h : V a n l i trUdng C O t h e l a m s u p do cdc t r i e u d a i p h o n g k i e n . t h a n h , C u n g A p h o n g , Co' c u n g , Tuf c a m t h a n h , . . . . (De thi de nghi ciia TrUdng THPT ChuySn Nguyin Du) + T r e n l i n h virc k h o a hoc k i t h u $ t cd b o n p h d t m i n h q u a n t r o n g l a : - Thuo'c Sling. Cau 2 0 - L a ban. H a y n e u c d c t h d n h ti^u v d n h o d , k h o a h o c kT t h u g t c u e Trung Q u o c t h d i p h o n g ki^'n. C d c t h d n h t a u d o d d a n h h u d n g dd'i v d i t h e g i d i n h a th§' n d o ? - L a m gia'y. - Nghe in. DAP AN a) Tren iTnh vi/c van h(fc: d) Anh bifdng doi vdi the gidi: - ChOr v i e t : B a n d a u l a cac l o a i cha difgrc g o i c h u n g l a chCr d a i t r i e n . D e n - A n h hifdng d e n cac niTdc t r o n g dd cd V i e t N a m t r e n cdc l i n h vifc : Tii t h d i T a n c h i n h l i , c a i bi§'n t h d n h cha t i e u t r i § n . tifdng, t r i e t h o c , v d n h o c , c h d vig't,... . - T h o D i r d n g : L a d i n h cao cua n e n t h o ca T r u n g Q u o c . Cdc t d c g i a n d i - N h d i i g t h a n h tiTu ve k i t h u a t a n h hufdng ca the g i d i . Thuo'c s u n g dung t i e n g : L y B a c h , D o P h u , B a c h Cil D i . che tao d a n d u p e , l a b a n d u n g t r o n g h a n g h a i , gia'y v a n g h e i n suf d u n g cho - T i e u t h u y e t : T i e u t h u y e t c h i r o n g h o i . Cdc t d c p h a m : Thuy hii cua T h i N a i v i § c d a y hoc v a l a phdcfng t i e n p h d t t r i e n k h o a hoc. A m , Tam quoc dien nghia cua L a Q u a n T r u n g , Tdy du ki ciia N g o ThiTa A n . ^ (De thi de nghi cua Tri/dng THPT Trung Phu) - Siif h o c : BO Sii ki c i i a T i f M a T h i e n , d d t n e n m o n g cho n i n s d hoc T r u n g Quoc. b) Tren iTnh viic tif tudng: Cau 21 So s d n h d i e m g i o n g n h o u v d k h d c n h o u giQa bO m d y n h d nddc p h o n g kien Co n h i e u h o c t h u y e t t\i t i T d n g r a d d i : N h o g i d o , D a o g i d o , M d c g i a , P h d p Trung Q u o ' c t h d i ki Ton - H d n v d M i n h - . T h a n h . g i a . N h u t i g N h o g i d o t r d t h a n h co s d l i l u a n v a tuf t i f d n g c i i a che do phong k i e n T r u n g Q u o c . N g u d i s d n g l a p l a K h o n g T d , v e sau c6 M a n h Tijf, D o n g ChQng minh r d n g , dUdi c d c trieu Minh - Thanh, q u y e n h d n h t d p trung c a o d p Trong Thu. hon v d o t o y c d c h o d n g d e v d b p m d y chinh q u y e n trung Udng m g n h hdn.
30 Chaang III. T R U N G Q U O C P H O N G K I E N 31 DAP AN DAP AN So sanh va chiJng minh : a) Nhufng thanh ti/u van hoa cua Trung Quoc trong thdi phong kien : - Diem chung : (xem cau 20, muc a, b, c). + Bo may chinh quyen phong kien u^f> trung. + Hoang de t\i xUng la dang toi cao, c6 quyen hanh tuy^t doi, dtjfng dau b) Viet Nam tiep thu nen van hoa Trung Qud'c : bo may nha nifdc, c6 to chufc thong nhat trong ca nudc. Vdi han 10 the ki Bac thupc, van hoa Trung Quoc da xam nhap vao nude ta tao anh hifong tren nhieu hnh vUc nhu : Tu tiJorng, triet hoc, chuf viet, van - Diem khac nhau : 1 hoc, suf hoc, lich phap, nghe thuat, cac nghe thii cong, phong tuc tap quan,... . + Thdi Tan - Han : Tuy nhien, nhan dan ta da biet tiep thu c6 chon Ipc va liAi giuf nhiJfng cai dep * Dat cac churc thCra tirdng, thai uy (te tudng, tudng quoc) dufng dau c^c cdi hay ciia van hoa Trung Quoc de gop phan lam phong phu them nen van quan vSn, v6 giiip hoang de tri nUdc. hoa dan tpc. Ta da biet bien cai hay ciia "ngudi" thanh ciia minh. * Lanh tho dUcfc chia thanh cdc chau, quan, huy?n. Dat cAc chufc quan (£1^ thi de nghj cua TrUdng THPT Ben Tre) thuf suf (chau), thai thu (quan), huyen lenh (huyen). .. * Quan lai difoc cijf tuyen, mot so duac the tap. j + Thdi Minh - Thanh : 4 * Bai b6 chufc ThCra tudtng. Thai uy. Ho^ng de trifc tiep cai tri. f CHlfONG IV * Dat luc bp quan li cac nganh, c6 quan thifOng thiT dufng dau, cdc tham AN D 6 V A D 6 N G NAM A PHONG KIEN tri, thi lang phu giiip. * Lanh thd chia thanh tinh, c6 quan tong doc hoac tuan vu (tuan phij) Cau 23 diJng dau. Tinh chia thanh nhieu phii, huyen, chau. a) Trinh b a y c d c giai d o g n p h d t trien c u a lich sCf An Dp ta khi nhd nadc c o * Thay the dan che do cuf tuyen bkng che dp thi cuf chon ngi/cfi lam quan. d p i ra ddi c h o d e n khi bj thi^c d d n phadng Tdy xdm ladc. b) Hdy trinh b a y d n h hadng c u a v d n hod A n Dp dd'i vdl c d c q u o c gia d + Da6i thdi cdc trieu Minh - Thanh, quyen liic duac tap trung cao do han. Dong Nam A ? * Bai bo cac chufc thifa tiTomg, thai uy c6 quyen hanh qua 16n, Ian at hoang de, nhieu khi chuyen quyen (Tri^u Cao ddi Tan, Tao Thao dc(i Tarn Quoc). DAP AN * Bai bo vi$c cuf tuyen va the tap de tri/ hoa be phai phan nghich. a) Cac giai doan phat trii'n : * Dat luc bo, chia lanh tho thanh nhieu tinh de tho'ng nhat vi$c quan li. - Nhufng trang suf dau tien : * Dat che do thi cuf de cdc tang Idp phong kien dUcfc tham gia bp may + Khoang 2500 nam TCN, nhufng thanh thi c6 xuat hi^n d Tay Bac An Dp. cai tri. + Khoang 1500 nam TCN, mot s6' thanh thi khdc ra ddi or mien Don (De thi de nghj cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen NguySn Du) B^c An D6. + The ki VI TCN, dao Phat xuat hien. Cau 22 + Cuoi the ki HI TCN, vua A-x6-ka truyen ba dao Phat kh^p ca nifdc. " Neu nhJng thanh tiJu v a n hoa quan trong c u a nhan d a n Trung Q u o c trong + Tuf the ki II TCN den the ki XI, An DO bi chia thanh nhieu quoc gi thdi phong kien. Cho biet nhdn d d n ta d d tiep thu nen v a n hod Trung Quoc nho, trong do noi bat nhat la vUcfng trieu Gup-ta d mien Bac va qu6c gia Pa nha the ndo ? la-va 6 mien Trung va mien Nam An Do.
32 Chiiang IV. AN Dp VA DONG NAM A PHONG KIEN 33 D a y la g i a i doan p h a t tri§'n cua t h u cong nghiep, thifcfng nghiep b i e n v a a) T6n giao va tri€'t hoc : cung Ik giai doan p h a t t r i e n m a n h ciia vSn hoa t r u y e n t h o n g A n D p , dSc A n Dp l a que huong ciia n h i e u t o n giao I d n : Dao Ba-la-mon, H i n - d u , b i e t l a dao H i n - d u , v a n hoc cd v a chu" P h a n . phat. - A n D5 H o i giao v a A n Do M 6 - g 6 n : Ve t r i e t hoc, co h a i trtjfdng p h a i : C h i n h t h d n g (thiifa n h a n k i n h Ve-da) 2 + Vuong qudc H o i giao De-li (the k i X I I - the k i X V I ) : va t a giao ( k h o n g thCra n h a n k i n h Ve-da). NgLfcfi T h d N h i K i theo dao H o i da x a m nhap m i e n Bfic A n Do tuf dau b) Van tit va van hgc : the k i X I , t h i e t l a p viTOng t r i e u H o i giao De-li, gay m d u t h u a n d a n toe v a t o n giao sau sSc v d i n h a n d a n A n Dp. NgLfcfi A n Dp co chiJ v i e t ra't sdm : - ChOr t u p n g h i n h v i e t t r e n nhCng con da'u (chua doc difoc). + Virong qudc A n Do M6-g6n ( t h e k i X V I - t h d k i X I X ) : - C h a B r a - n i i xuat h i e n vao the k i V I I I T C N . D i u the k i X V I , ngtfcfi M o n g Cd t a n cong A n Do, t h i i tieu c h i n h quyen H d i - ChCf P h a n hoan t h i e n vao t h e k i V T C N . giao, l a p n e n viTOng qudc A n Do M6-g6n, t h i h a n h chinh sach hoa dong t o n giao. Virong t r i e u nky k6o d a i cho den k h i thiic dSn phifong T a y x a m lifgc. - Tijr chu; P h a n da h i n h t h a n h cac phUcfng ngiif va ngon ngiif khac n h u : H i n - d i , Ben-ga-li, M a - r a - t h i . b) Anh hwdng ciia van hoa An Dg doi vdi cac quoc gia d Dong Nam A : v a n hoc A n Dp r a t phong p h u v d i nhCfng bp k i n h , thor ca l i c h s i i , t h a n Qua con dudng buon b a n , v a n hoa A n Do toa r o n g a n h hifotng d e n c a c thoai. D i e n h i n h l a : nifdc D o n g N a m A . - Bp kinh Ve-da. - Chui v i e t : Tit chOf Phan ciia ngLfcri A n Dp, cac d a n tpc Dong N a m A s^ng - H a i bp sijf t h i Ma-ha-bha-ra-ta va Ra-ma-ya-na. tao r a chiJ v i e t r i e n g nhif chijf ChSm cd, chCf Khcf-me cd, chOr Lao, chijf v i e t cua T h a i L a n va Mi-£m-ma cung a n h hudng nhOfng n e t cong cua chOr Phan. Cling v d i thor va k i c h , n e n v a n hoc H i n - d u con n d i t i e n g vdri eac tac pham chinh luan : - T o n giao : D o n g N a m A t i e p t h u c a dao P h a t , dao H i n - d u v a dao H o i . - "Luan ve dao phdp" (Dac-ma-sa-to-ra). - K i e n true : Cac cong t r i n h k i e n true ve t o n giao d D o n g N a m A deu - "Luan ve chinh tri" (Drcf-tha-sa-to-ra). chiu a n h hudng k i e n true A n Dp (Thap ChSm, Ang-co Ykt, Ang-co T h o m , T h a t Ludng...). - "Ludn ve lac thu" (Ka-ma-sa-to-ra). c) Kien triic : G a n l i e n v d i t o n giao co cae d e n h i n h t h a p n h o n nhieu - V a n hoc : V a n hoc P h a t giao A n Dp gdm cdc t i c h t r u y e n , g a n v d i siJ t a n g , t u p n g t r i t o g cho d i n h niii t h i e n g - n o i nguT t r i ciia cac t h a n . Cac t h a p t i c h l i c h suf P h a t giao co a n h hifdng sau sac d e n D o n g N a m A . N h i f t i g difdi h i n h n i i i difpc t r a n g t r i t i m i hkng cac phu dieu, t a o n e n m o t p h o n g each Idp do ciia v a n hoa A n D 6 , m o i d a n tpc v i n co b a n sac r i e n g ciia m i n h . ngh§ t h u a t k i e n true H i n - d u doc dao. (De thi chinh thilc nSm 2004) d) Thien van : A n Dp l a m o t t r o n g nhufng d a n tpc b i e t l a m l i c h s6m n h a t . L i c h A n Dp ed d a i : M o t t h a n g co 30 ngay, m o t n a m co 12 t h a n g . Cuf 4 n a m Cau24 CO m o t n a m n h u a n . Ngifdi A n Dp cd d a i ciJng g i a i t h i c h dupfc n h a t t h i i c va Hay neu nhQng thanh tau cua ndn v
34 Chuang IV. AN Dp VA DONG NAM A PHONG KIEN 35 2. A n h hifcfng t r o n g nv(6c : e) Ve toan hoc: Ngufcfi A n Dp p h a t m i n h r a cac chG so ki ca so k h o n g (0) a) Dao Ba-la-mon va dao Hin-du : r d i t r u y e n ba cho ngucfi A - rSp, tCf do Ian r p n g r a t o a n the g i d i . Hau thuan cho viec phan biet d i n g cap trong xa hoi. Su phan biet dang cap fee thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen Le Hong Phong) la mot che do h e t sure bat cong va k i m hanj sU phat t r i e n ciia xa h o i A n Dp. b) Nhieu ton giao, ngon ngvt va chCt viet: Cau 2 5 Cac SU k i e n n a y (eung v6i dieu k i e n ve dia h i n h ) da gay n h i eu k h o k h a n Hay so sanh sU giong nhau va khac nhau giufa hai trieu dgi : vUdng tridu Hoi t r o n g viec t h o n g n h a t dat nifcJc. A n Do e6 m o t lieh sijf luon b i gi&ng xe giOa giao De-li va vaong trieu An DO M6-g6n. p h a n t a n va t h o n g n h a t . Cho d e n the k i V T C N A n Do vSn b i phan t a n t h a n h chuc nUdc nho. TCr the k i V I T C N , dao Phat xuat h i e n , A n Dp tifng DAP AN hudc dirpc t h o n g n h a t . A-x6-ka da t h o n g n h a t A n Dp l a p de quoc co d a i va t r u y e n ba dao Phat. - Sii giong nhau : + Ca h a i t r i e u d a i A n Dp H o i giao D e - l i v ^ A n Dp M6-g6n deu do de K h i A-x6-ka qua dc/i, A n Dp l a i phan t a n n h u trirdrc. quoc ben ngoai x a m chiem v^ xay diTng nen. c) Nen van hoc Hin-du va ddi song xa hoi: + Ca h a i t r i e u d a i deu ap bufc v a t h o n g t r i n h a n dSn A n D p . N e n v a n hoc H i n - d u v 6 i cac giao l i , c h i n h l u an va l u a t phdp c6 a n h + Do mau t h u a n giai cap v ^ d a n tpc, ca h a i t r i e u d a i b i suy yeu vk sup do. hudng sau sac den d&i song xa h p i . - Sir khac nhau : - L u a t phap Xu-tP-ra r a n day con ngucfi song theo giao l i va phong tuc - I - A n Dp H o i gido D e - l i : tap quan h i p n t h d i . * The k i X I I , ngudi Tho N h i K i theo dao H o i x a m ehiem m i e n B^c A n - L u a t M a - n u xac d i n h va ciing co che dp dang cap. Dp t h a n h l a p vifcrng t r i e u do nhiJng ngudi H o i giao dijfng dau, d i n h do d D e - - " L u a n ve c h i n h t r i " cho rang dung h i n h p h a t l a phifpng t i e n t o t n h a t l i , g p i Ik vifong t r i e u H o i giao D e - l i (the k i X I I den the k i X V I ) . de bao d a m t r a t t\i. * Ngi/6i T h o vao A n Dp mang theo dao H o i va t r u y e n ba dao H o i . 3. A n h hv^dng d g n nifofc n g o a i : * Thiic h i e n c h i n h sach k i t h i d a n tpc va t o n giao, hit n h a n d a n A n Dp p h a i theo dao H o i , cam doan n g h i e t nga dao H i n - d u . a) Ve cha viet: Tii chG P h a n ciia A n D p , cac d a n tpc D o n g N a m A (trif V i f t N a m ) d a n d a n sang tao r a chuT vi et r i e n g ciia m i n h n h a chQ ChSm co * T h i h a n h c h i n h sach dp biJc boc l o t t a n bao nhuf : ehiem doat rupng the k i I V , chif Khp-me co the k i V I I . Ngiicfi Lao va cac n h o m ngifdi T h a i dat cua n o n g dan, b6c I p t t h p t h u cong A n D p . khac CO he t h o n g chu" v i e t difpc xay difng t r e n co sd v a n dung cac n e t chu' * N o n g d a n A n Dp dau t r a n h m a n h me chong l a i viTcfng quoc H o i giao cong cua Cam-pu-chia va M i - a n - m a . • De-H. b) Ve ton giao: Cac dan tpc Dong N a m A tiep thu ca A n giao Ian Phat giao. + A n Dp M6-g6n : c) Ve van hoc : V a n hoc d a n toe cua hau h e t cac nifdc D o n g N a m A deu * T h e k i X V I , nga6i M o n g Co t a n cong vao Bac A n , t h i i t i e u c h i n h quyen mo p h o n g hay l a y tich tCr ede suf t h i , eac t r u y e n t h a n t h o a i A n D p . H 6 i giao, l a p v\iang t r i e u A n Dp do ngUcri M o n g Co dufng dau, gpi l a vuang d) Ve kien triic : K i e n true phan Idn ede nUdc Dong N a m A deu mo phong trieu A n Dp M6-g6n. k i e n true H i n - d u v ^ k i e n true P h a t giao. K i e n true H i n - d u v6i eac den h i n h * NgLidi M o n g Co vao A n Dp k h o n g dp d a t m o t t o n gido nao. t h a p n h o n n hie u tang. K i e n true P h a t giao v d i cac k i eu h i n h t h a p Xtu-pa c6 * Thifc h i e n c h i n h sach doan k e t t o n gido, xoa bo c h i n h sach k i t h i t o n mai tron. gido, t h u t i e u nhuTng dac quyen H o i giao.
36 Chuang IV. AN DO VA DONG N A M A PHONG KIEN 37 * ThUc h i e n c h i n h sach hoa hap dkn tQC, chii trirong ho^ dong v d i quy + N h a t B a n : N h i e u chiia difcfc xay ditog : K i m cac tU - chua c6 lau vang, toe A n D 9 . N g a n cdc t u - chiia c6 lau bac. * K h o i phuc k i n h ite va p h a t t r i e n vSn hoa A n DQ, ciing c6 sir t h o n g + d Dong N a m A : Ang-eo V d t , Ang-co Thorn (Cam-pu-chia). n h a t va tSng cifdng bo may nha midc t r u n g qong tap quyen. * NhOrng CO gang n a y k h o n g sao t h i i t i e u diroc m a u t h u a n g i a i cap giOa 3. T h a n h ti^u ve k h o a h o c k i thu|lt : t a n g 16p quy toe vdri n o n g d a n h i m a t dat, h i hoc lot. Sy k h i i n g hoang ehia - A n Do : Tde p h a m T h i e n v a n hoc eo n h a t A n Do X i t - d a n - t a (the k i V re ben t r o n g da tao dieu k i e n cho thue dan phqong Tay x a m ehiem A n Do T C N ) , Todn hoc, p h a t m i n h r a so k h o n g (0). sau do. - T r u n g Quoc : iDe thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen Ly Tu Trong) + To Xung C h i , T r u o n g H a n h la nhOfng nha khoa hoc n o i tieng. + L y T h d i T r a n v d i nhiJng cong t r i n h do SQ ve y hoc. Cau 26 + NhOrng ph at m i n h IcJn : Nghe i n , che tao thuoc sung, suT dung la ban, Trinh b a y nhQng thanh t^u van hoa tieu bieu c u a c d c q u d c gia phong kien phLfdng Dong. l a m giay. - Ngqdi A - r a p : Co cong t r o n g viec dong vai t r 6 t r u n g gian, giao \\iu v a n DAPAN I hoa giOa Dong va T ay. Ho da bao t o n m o t p h a n d a n g ke cdc d i san ve v a n 1. v a n h o c : D a t dqoc n h i e u t h a n h tufu to 16n. hoa H i L ap. Ngoai r a ho cung c6 n h i i n g t h a n h tUu r i e n g ve y hoc, toan hoc. - O A n Do : s\i t h i Ma-ha-bha-ra-ta, Ra-ma-ya-na; Ka-li-da-sa (cuo'i the (De thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen Le Khiet) k i thdr I V - niJfa dau the k i thiir V ) ; k i c h Sa-kun-ta-la. Cau 27 - T r u n g Quoe : Khdi q u d t qua trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt trien c u a vaong q u d c Cam-pu-chia vd + Thcf Dudng so' luong I d n , p h a n a n h sau sSc l o i so'ng xa h p i luc bay gicf vaong qudc Ldo.Dieu gi chQng to sa sdng t g o van hod c u a hai d d n t p c n d y ? dat den d i n h eao ve nghe t h u a t : L y Bach, Do P h i i , Bach Cu D i . + Tieu t h u y e t p h a t t r i e n m a n h : Thuy hil ciia T h i N a i A m , Tarn quoc DAPAN dien nghia cua L a Quan T r u n g , Tdy du ki ciia Ngo ThiTa An, bo Sit ki cua TU Qua t r i n h h i n h t h a n h va p h a t t r i e n ciia v u a n g quoc Cam-pu-chia va M a T h i e n k h o n g chi la tde pha'm siir hoe noi t i e n g m ^ cung la tdc p h a m eo vuong quoc Lao. giA t r i v a n hoc. a) Vuang quoc Cam-pu-chia : - NgqcJi A - r a p v d i Nghin le mot dem. ^; - Ngudi Khcf-me, la m o t bo phan c\i dan co d Dong N a m A. Thoat t i e n , 2. N g h ^ thu|it k i e n t r u e v a d i e u k h ^ c : Chiu nhieu a n h hudng ciia ho s o n g d phia b a c Cam-pu-chia ngay nay ( t r e n cao nguyen Co R a t va m a n cac t o n giao ciing cac the che c h i n h t r i . t r u n g luu song Me Cong). Vao the k i V, nha nqde cua ngiidi Kho-me h i n h t h a n h . Ho t u goi t e n nude la Cam-pu-chia. - 6 T r u n g Quoc : V a n l i trUdng t h a n h dai gdn 5 000 k m . • - CJ A n Do : - Ngix6i Khot-me tiep tuc m d rong dia ban xuong phia n a m (ttjfc l a n h tho Cam-pu-chia ngay nay). Thcfi k i phat t r i e n vUOng quoc Cam-pu-chia keo dai tix + K i e n true chiu a n h hudng ciia dao H i n - d u : Den h i n h t h d p n h o n n h i eu the k i K den the k i X V (con goi l a thdi k i Ang-eo : ti^ n-im 802 dSn n a m 1432). t a n g , tqong t r u n g cho d i n h n u i t h i e n g , noi ngu t r i ciia cac t h a n . - Trong the k i X den the k i X H I , Cam-pu-ehia t r d t h a n h vUdng quoc + K i e n true H o i giao : M a i vom, ciifa v 6 m , eo t h d p rpng, san r o n g , hoan h u n g m a n h va h a m c h i e n t r a n n h a t D 6 n g N a m A. Ti^ the k i X H I , Cam-pu- t o a n k h o n g c6 h i n h tUOng con ngqcfi. chia bat dau suy yeu do b i ngUcfi T h a i t a n cong nhieu I a n , den n a m 1863 b i + Cong t r i n h n6'i t i e n g n h q t h d p l a n g Ta-gia]VIa:li^^ . j ^ h a p x a m luac.
38 Chuang IV. A N D p VA DONG N A M A PHONG KIEN 39 b) Vifcfng quoc Lao : _ K i n h te : - T r e n dat Lao xa xi/a c6 ngifdi Lao c6 s i n h song goi 1^ Lao T h a n g , v^o + Dfiu eong nguyen do s^t xua't h i e n . Cac quoc gia dau t i e n ciia Dong the k i X I I I C O m o t n h o m ngUcfi n6i t i e n g T h a i d i C L T den day s i n h song hoa N a m A eung xua't h i e n . nhap v d i ctf dan co of day goi la Lao L i j m . N h ^ nirdrc ra ddri vao cuo'i the k i X I V , + Song chii yeu b^ng n o n g nghiep. B e n canh do, m o i quoc gia eo nhijfng ong vua sang lap la Pha N g i i m . Ho dat ten ni/dc la L a n Xang ( T r i ^ u Voi). nganh nghe t h i i cong t r u y e n t h o n g : d^t v a i , gom suT, cac do d i i n g b^ng k i m Thcri p h d t t r i e n t h i n h virong ciia L a n X a n g ti^ giijfa the k i X V I I . Dau the k h i , . . . • Ngoai r a , cac nUdc nay con c6 nhOng nguon l a m , h a i san quy va r a t k i X V I I I dirdi t r i e u vua Su-lin-ha-v6ng-sa, dat ntfdc c6 n h i e u l a m san quy va phong phu. thLfdng trao doi buon b a n v d i nude ngoai. Tii cuoi t h e k i X V I I I Lao suy yeu va b i X i e m x a m lifcfc, n a m 1893 la thuoc dia ciia Phdp. + Vi?c giao lUU buon ban giiJa cac niidc va v d i cac nifdc Idn t r o n g k h u viJc : A n Do, T r u n g Quoc da l a m cho viec buon b a n dudng ven bien r a t p h d t dat. c) SI/ sang tao van hoa ciia hai dan tgc Cam-pu-chia va Lao : M o t so t h a n h t h i , h a i cang da r a d d i va hoat dong r a t n h p n n h i p . - Cha v i e t : Lao va Cam-pu-chia deu hoc c h i l A n Do (chijf P h a n - chCf c6' - Chinh t r i : A n Do). M o i nUdc deu diJa t r e n ngon ngiJ r i e n g ciia dan tgc m i n h de sang tao + Tif the k i I den t h e k i X , h a n g loat quoc gia nho da r a d d i va p h a t ra chiJ v i e t r i e n g ciia d a n toe m i n h . t r i e n . Cac quoc gia nay p h a n t a n t r e n cdc dia b a n nho hep, song r i e n g re va - K i e n true : K i e n true h a i nvtdc nhy m a n g n h i e u a n h hudng ca ve de t a i nhieu k h i t r a n h chap v d i n h a u . Q u a qua t r i n h t o n t a i , cac quoc gia p h a t l a n phong each nghe t h u a t ciia k i e n true H i n - d u giao va P h a t giao, nhong t r i e n va t h o n g nha't, h i n h t h a n h nhiJng vUcfng quoc r o n g I d n nhif h i $ n nay. the h i e n r a t ro ban s^c d a n toe m i n h . V i du : T h a p Cam-pu-chia m a n g k i e n true H i n - d u giao nhifng k h o n g giong bat cuf t h a p nao d A n Dp. Con T h a t - T u tudng, v a n hoa : L u d n g d Lao m a n g dang dap k i e n true P h a t giao nhifng l a i c6 m 6 t net doe + Cac niidc da hoe va v a n dung v a n hoa A n D Q de p h d t t r i e n sdng tao ddo r i e n g m a n g dau a n lieh suf, tUcfng t r u n g v a n hoa Lao. v a n hod d a n toe ciia m i n h . - M o i dan toe deu c6 n e n v a n hoc d a n gian, phong tuc t a p quan, dieu v u , -I- M o i dan toe deu c6 t i e n g n o i dan toe va l a n luqt deu c6 chCf v i e t r i e n g dieu nhae r i e n g tao n e n n e n vSn hoa t r u y e n t h o n g r i e n g cua d a n toe m i n h . dua t r e n co sd hoe t a p , v $ n d u n g va eai b i e n net ehiJ P h a n . (De thi de nghi ciia Tri/dng THPT Thoai Ngoc Hau) b) Ten nu6c va thO dd ciia cac quoc gia Dong Nam A hi^n nay: Cau 28 Ten nUdc Thu do a ) Trinh b a y d i e u ki^n t a n h i e n , kinh t e , c h i n h trj, t i j t a 6 n g v a v(3n h o d c u e c a c q u o c g i a D o n g N a m A t r o n g 10 t h e ki d a u C o n g n g u y e n . Viet Nam Ha Noi b ) Ke t e n v a t h u d o c u a 11 q u o c g i a D o n g N a m A hi^n n a y . Lao V i e n g Chan c ) Ten g o i , sU ra d d i , m u c t i e u c u a t o c h Q c lien m i n h c h i n h trj - kinh t e Idn Cam-pu-chia P h n o m Penh nhd't D o n g N a m A h i $ n n a y . N a m g i a n h g p c u a c d c t h a n h vi§n. Thai Lan B a n g Coc Mi-an-ma Rang-gun DAP AN • Phi-lip-pin Ma-ni-la a) Dieu ki^n til nhien, kinh te, chinh tri, tir tudng va van hoa cua cac quoc In-do-ne-xi-a Gia-eac-ta gia Dong Nam A trong 10 the ki dau Cong nguySn. Ma-lai-xi-a Kua-la Lam-pcf - Dieu k i e n t u nhien : Xin-ga-po Xin-ga-po + Dia h i n h phan t a n hep, chia eat bdi nhOfng day n u i da va rijmg nhiet ddi. Bru-nay Ban-da X e - r i Be-ga-oan + T h i e u n h a n g ednh dong r o n g t r o n g liia, eung thid'u ca nhuTng dong c6 Dong Ti-mo Di-li r o n g de chan nuoi dan gia sue I d n . M o t so dong b a n g h i ^ n nay duoe eoi la r o n g va t r i j p h u , t h i edch day v ^ i n g h i n nSm vSn c6n b i ngap ntrdc.
40 Chuang IV. A N P Q VA D O N G N A M A PHONG KIE'N 41 c) To chttc liSn minh chinh trj - kinh tS'Idn nhat Ddng Nam A hien nay: Ici X L quoc gia Pa-gan d m i e n T r u n g da t h o n g nha't l a n h t h o , m d dau cho - To chuTc l i e n m i n h c h i n h t r i - k i n h te I d n n h a t D o n g N a m A h i e n n a y qua t r i n h h i n h t h a n h va p h a t t r i e n ciia vuang quoc M i - a n - m a . la H i e p h o i cac niidc D o n g N a m A ( A S E A N ) , r a dcri vao t h d n g 8 - 1967 t a i + VMng quoc T h a i : T r e n dong hkng song M e N a m cU d a n b a n dia la B a n g Coc. Luc dau g o m : In-do-ne-xi-a, M a - l a i - x i - a , Xin-ga-po, T h a i L a n va ngUdi M o n . T h e k i X I I I , ngudi T h a i 6 a t d i cU xuong phia N a m l a p n e n P h i - l i p - p i n . T r u sd d a t t a i Gia-cac-ta. nhCng t i e u quoc T h a i t r e n k h u vUc ngUdi M o n . GiuTa t h e k i X I V , cac t i e u qudc - M u c t i e u : ( N o i dung H i e p Udc B a - l i 2 - 1976). m i e n t r u n g T h a i tho'ng nha't t h a n h vufong quo'c T h a i (sau n a y goi l a X i e m - l a , + X a y ditog m o i quan he hoa b i n h , hflu n g h i v a hgfp tdc giOra c^c n\idc r6i d d i l a T h a i L a n ) . t r o n g k h u viTc, tao n e n m o t cong d6ng D o n g N a m A h u n g m a n h t r e n ccf sd t u + Yxiang qudc Cam-pu-chia : H i n h t h a n h t d t h e k i V . Tuf t h e k i I X d e n cqdng k h u VLTC. th§' k i X V l a t h d i k i p h a t t r i e n nha't cua vUctng qudc. + T h i e t l a p mOt k h u viJc hoa b i n h , tif do va t r u n g l a p d D 6 n g N a m A . + VifOng qudc L a o : TCf t h d i cd cd ngUdi L a o T h a n g s i n h song t r e n da't - Ve sau CO t h e m cac t h a n h v i e n khdc gia nhap : B r u - n a y (1984), V i e t Lao, t h e k i X I I I ngifdi T h a i d i cxi d e n (goi l a ngiTdi L a o L u m ) cung s i n h song N a m (1995), Lao va M i - a n - m a (1997), Cam-pu-chia (1999). hoa hop. c a c bd lac L a o song d thifong liAi song M e Cdng. D e n n a m 1353, (De thi de nghi cua Trifdng TI-IPT Thi xS Cao Lanh) tu t r i f d n g P h a N g d m da tho'ng nha't cac bd lac L a o l a p r a vufang qudc L a n Xang ( T r i e u Voi). Cau 2 9 b) NhOng anh hudng: a) Trong thdi kl phong kien, d Dong Nam A da hinh thanh nhQng vUdng qu6'c ndo ? Trinh bay qua trinh hinh thanh vd nhJng dgc diem cua cdc vUdng - N h i n chung, c a c vtfcfng qudc D d n g N a m A chiu a n h hifdng ciia v a n hoa qudc ndy. A n DO v a T r u n g Qudc. b) Cdc vUdng qudc ndy chiu anh hadng cua nhQng nen van hod ndo ? - N h d n g a n h hifdng n a y difcfc t h e h i e n qua c a c l i n h vifc nhtf : T o n giao (Nho giao, dao P h a t , dao Hoi...), k i e n true ( t h a p , den...), c h d v i e t (chd Phan), DAP AN nghe t h u a t mua,... . a) Cac vifong quoc phong kien d Dong Nam A : (Di thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen Le Quy Don) Qua t r i n h h i n h t h ^ n h va nhOfng dSc d i e m : - Cac vMng quoc phong k i e n d D o n g N a m A : (Ja-va) In-do-ne-xi-a, (Ma- Cau 3 0 lac-ca) M a - l a i - x i - a , (Pa-gan) M i - a n - m a , T h a i L a n , Cam-pu-chia, ( L a n Xang) Doc dogn viet sau ddy vd chf ra nhQng chi tiet khdng dung, Lao , ( D a i V i e t ) V i e t N a m . - Ai C O P Id tgng phdm cue song NIn. - Qud t r i n h h i n h t h a n h : ( k h o n g t r i n h b a y V i e t N a m ) . - Ngadl Cam-pu-chia c6 ten tgc Id ngJdl Khd-me song tr§n cao nguyen Co Rgt. + In-do-ne-xi-a : TCr t h e k i V I I d e n t h e k i X I I I d i l n r a qud t r i n h t h o n g - Thdi kl phdt tri^n cua vUdng qud'c Cam-pu-chia t a the k? XV-XVII, cdn goi Id n h a t cac nvtdc nho t r e n cac dao I d n Ja-va va Xu-ma-tcf-ra. Cuoi t h e k i X I I I , thdi kl Ang-co. Ja-va c h i n h phuc Xu-ma-tof-ra v^ cac dao n h o xung quanh, t h o n g n h a t t h a n h vqong quoc In-do-ne-xi-a m a ngiTdi nLfdc ngoai quen g o i l a Ja-va. - Ngudi sdng Igp ra nUdc Lan Xang Id Pha NgOm. - Ban tuyen ngdn nhdn quyen vd ddn quyen dadc thdng qua ngdy 4-7-1776 + Vuong quoc Ma-lac-ca : TCf dau t h e k l X V , cac niTdc nho tr§n b a n dao M a L a i dau t r a n h t a c h k h o i a n h hufdng cua Xu-ma-ta-ra, t r o n g do Ma-lac-ca d MT. d i t i e n phong. GiOfa t h e k i X V , sau t i e u quoc M a L a i hap t h a n h vtfong quoc - ChQ sd 0, 1,2,... Id phdt minh Idn cua ngadi Hi Lap vd Rd-ma. Ma-lac-ca. Ma-lac-ca l a t i e n t h a n cua M a - l a i - x i - a ngay nay. - Cdc vUdng qudc cd 6 Ddng Nam A ddu chju anh hUdng cua van hod + Vucfng quoc Pa-gan : TCf dau Cong nguy§n d§'n cuoi t h e k i X , c6 nhieu Trung Qudc. qu6'c g i a nho xua't h i | n t r e n dong hkng cdc con song d Mie'n D i e n . GiOa th6