TRINH QUANG TUYEN - Mot so gidi phdp xit ly phdn vd mrac thdi...<br />
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MOT S6 GIAI PHAP XLT LY PHAN VA Nl/dC THAI NHAM GIAM 6 NHIEM<br />
MOI TRUOfNG TRONG CHAN NUOI LOfN TRANG TRAI TAP TRUNG<br />
Trjnh Quang Tuyen', Nguyen Que Coi', Ddm Tudn TH',<br />
Nguyin Tiin Thong', Le Vdn Sdng' vd Nguyen Duy Phuomg'<br />
'Trung tam nghien ciru Xqn Thuy Phu-ong-Vifn ChSn nuoi; Vifn Tho nhu-ong Nong ho^<br />
*Tac gia lien he: Trinh Quang Tuyin - Trung tam nghien ciiu Igm Thuy Phuang-Vi?n Chan nuoi<br />
Tel: 0989750711; Email: quangtuyenven@yahoo.com.vn<br />
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ABSTRACT<br />
Solution of applying waste treatment in to intensive pig farms to<br />
reduce environment pollution<br />
Since environment pollution caused by waste of pig production farms is increasing nowadays, a study has been<br />
conducted since 2008 to identify waste management technologies that are most suitable for different types of pig<br />
farm holdings. Result on solid waste treatment indicated that: the use of EM secondary solution, EM Bokashi,<br />
Compostmaker and traditional method to treat pig manure gives good results (composting can kill<br />
microorganism pathogens, parasites, and produce non-odorous product). Of treatment techniques noted above,<br />
the technique used EM solution is the simplest, quickest and easy to apply in intensive pig farms. Result on<br />
wastewater treatment pointed that: using EM secondary solution and water hyacinth in wastewater treatment can<br />
reduce the amount of substances caused environment pollution as COD, BOD5, NO2", NO3", P total, Colifoms.<br />
When using EM secondary solution for wastewater treating, the reduction of COD is about 81,3% (from 732,9<br />
mg/l (before treating) to 137,1 mg/l (after treating). BOD5, NO3, and total P concentrations reduce 82,7%, 73,8%<br />
and 80,1%, respectively. The remained levels of these substances in treated wastewater meet the standard<br />
requirement (level B) of Vietnam (TCN 678-2006). Treatment by EM secondary solution is in shorter time but<br />
gives greater efficiency in reducing level of polluted substances than treatment by water hyacinth. Wastewater<br />
treatment by using water hyacinth is more suitable for remote areas where the investment for waste management<br />
is low and the access to biological additives is limited. Result on application of waste treatment technologies to<br />
pig farm holdings showed that: applying waste treatment techniques decreases odor emission, reduces<br />
environment pollution and increases the efficacy of pig production (improving pig performance and profit ratio).<br />
Keywords: waste, wastewater, pig farm.<br />
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DATVANDE<br />
C) nudc ta viec xir ly chat thai chan nudi lgn cdn nhd Ie theo phuang phap truyen thdng dom<br />
gian nhu: Phan lgn dugc ii hoac diing tuoi lam thirc an nudi ca hoac lam phan bdn cho cay<br />
trdng, chat thai ldng dugc xir ly qua biogas va chay thang ra ngoai mdi trudmg hoac diing de<br />
tudi cay. Tuy nhien, qui md chan nudi ngay mdt md rgng, chat thai chan nudi ngay mdt nhieu<br />
nen phuomg phap xir ly truyen thdng khdng cdn thich hgp da gay ra d nhiem lam anh hudmg<br />
true tiep den mdi trudmg sdng cua nhieu viing ndng thdn. Van de d nhiem chat thai chan nudi<br />
ma chu yeu la trong chan nudi lgn la dang lo ngai do mat do nudi cao va cdng nghe xir ly ciing<br />
nhu miic do dau tu cho xii ly chat thai cdn han che.<br />
Trong nhurng nam vira qua cd mdt sd nghien ciiu va trien khai cdng nghe da dau tu mdt sd<br />
md hinh xir ly chat thai chan nudi vao thuc tien a Viet Nam. Tuy mirc do thanh cdng cua<br />
mdi md hinh la khac nhau nhumg da gdp phan giam thieu d nhiem va budc dau dua cac cdng<br />
nghe xir ly chat thai tien tien d nudrc ngoai vao thuc tien Viet Nam. Cac phuang phap xir ly<br />
chat thai chan nudi dugc ap dung hien nay deu dua tren cac cdng nghe da dugc ap dung<br />
thanh cdng tren the gioi nhung de phii hgp vdi thuc tien Viet Nam van cdn gap khdng it khd<br />
khan do quy md chan nudi da dang, vdn dau tu va chi phi van hanh thap, trinh do va hieu<br />
biet cua ngudri chan nudi chua dap img nhu cau. Mdt sd nghien ciiu xir ly phan lgn bang<br />
EM, ung dung BIO-F xir ly nuac thai chan nudi bang cay thuy sinh, cd Huang bai (Vetiver)<br />
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55<br />
VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cong nghi Chdn nuoi - So 28-Thang 02 - 2011<br />
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da giam thiiu d nhiem mdi trudmg chan nudi lgn (Chantsavang va cs, 1992; Biii Huy Hien,<br />
2008; Trinh Quang Tuyen va cs, 2008; Vo Thj Hanh va cs (2004; Delgado,1995; James,<br />
1996; Rebecca, 1979). Song vln chua cd nghien ciiu ddng bd dk lira chgn dugc phuang<br />
phap xir ly phii hgp trong xu Iy phan va nuac thai chan nudi lgn trong chan nudi tap tnmg.<br />
Nghien ciiu va xac dinh cac phuang phap phii hgp dl xir ly phan va nudrc thai trong chan<br />
nudi, img dung cho cac trang trai la rit cin thilt va cip bach. Vi vay, chiing toi tien<br />
hainh"Nghien cim mdt sd gidi phdp xir ly phdn vd nudc thdi nhdm gidm thieu d nhiem mdi<br />
truang trong chdn nudi lan trang trgi tap trung ".<br />
Muc tieu cUa de tdi: Xac dinh dugc phuomg phap xii ly phan lgn va nuac thai phii hgp trong<br />
chan nudi lgn trang trai tap trung nhim giam thiiu d nhiem mdi trudmg. Xay dung dugc cac<br />
md hinh chan nudi lgn trang trai ap dung phuomg phap xu ly phan va nuac thai gdp phan giam<br />
thieu d nhiem mdi trudmg.<br />
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VAT LIEU VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ<br />
Vat lieu, thoi gian va dia diem nghien ciru:<br />
Dia diem nghien ciru: Ha Ndi, Ha Tay (cii), Thai Binh, Ninh Binh .<br />
Th&i gian nghien ciru: Tir thang 7 nam 2008 den thang 6 nam 2010.<br />
Vgt lifu nghien ciru: EM gdc; EM thii cap; EM Bokashi; Compost maker, vdi bgt, beo luc<br />
binh, nuac thai, phan lgn.<br />
Phvong phap nghien ciru<br />
Thi nghiem cdc phuang phdp xuly phdn thdi trong chdn nuoi lent trang trgi tap trung<br />
Bd tri thi nghiem xir ly phan lgn trong chan nudi lgn trang trai tap trung<br />
Ld 1: EM Ld 2: EM Ld 3: Compost Ld 4: Phuang phap<br />
thii cap bokashi maker truyen thdng<br />
Khdi lugng phan xir 3,5 3,5 3,5 3:5<br />
ly/dgt (tan)<br />
Ngay theo ddi/dgt 15 15 30 • 45<br />
Sd lan lap lai 3 3 3 3<br />
<br />
Phuang phdp xu ly phdn lorn bdng che phdm EM thic cdp: Rai phan thanh ldp day 20 cm, rdng<br />
1,5 met, chieu dai 4 met. Diing che pham EM thii cap pha loang theo ty le 1/100 phun uot diu<br />
ddng phan (tir 20-25 lit dung dich da pha loang/lm^). Tiep tuc lam nhilu Idrp din khi ddng<br />
phan cao 0,8 met. Dimg bat dura che phu be mat. Sau 7 ngay tiln hanh dao ddng ii va phun<br />
EM thii cap lan 2 lieu lugng nhu lan 1, de tiep tuc 7 ngay sau dd tiln hanh thu san phim. San<br />
pham la phan hum ca dugc dua ra sir dung ngay hoac de khd tu nhien thi ddng bao bao quan.<br />
Phuang phdp xit ly phdn lan bdng che phdm EM Bokashi: Rai phan thanh lop day 20 cm,<br />
rgng 1,5 met, chieu dai 4 met. Dung che pham EM Bokashi rac deu tren bl mat lop phan vdi<br />
lugng EM Bokashi la 5% so vdi lugng phan. Tiep tuc lam nhieu lop din khi ddng phan cao<br />
0,8 met. Diing bat diia che phii tren be rnat. Sau 7 ngay tien hanh dao ddng ii va ric EM<br />
Bokashi lan 2 lieu lugng nhu lan 1, de tiep tuc 7 ngay sau do tiln hanh thu san phim. San<br />
pham la phan hiru ca dugc dua ra sir dung ngay hoac de khd tu nhien thi ddng bao bao quan.<br />
Phuang phdp xic ly phdn lan bdng che phdm Compost maker: Phan lgn dugc trgn diu vdi<br />
than biin theo ty le phan lgn va than bim la 1:1, tien hanh rai hon hgp phan thanh lap day 20<br />
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56<br />
TRINH QUANG TUYEN - Mgt so gidi phdp xir ly phdn vd nuac thdi...<br />
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cm, rdng 1,5 met, chieu dai 4 met. Diing che pham Compost maker pha loang theo ty le 1/100<br />
phun udft deu ddng phan (tir 20-25 lit dung dich da pha loang/Im^). Tiep tuc lam nhieu ldp<br />
den khi ddng phan cao 0,8 met. Diing bat diia che phii tren be mat. Sau 15 ngay tien hanh dao<br />
ddng il va phun Compost maker lan 2 lieu lugng nhu lan 1, de tiep tuc 15 ngay sau dd tien<br />
hanh thu san pham. San pham la phan hiiu co dugc dua ra sir dung ngay hoac de khd tu nhien<br />
thi ddng bao bao quan.<br />
Phuang phdp xir ly phdn lan bdng phuang phdp truyen thdng: Phan lgn dugc trdn deu vdi vdi<br />
bgt (ty le 5% so vdi lugng phan) va beo luc binh (ty le 10%) so vdi lugng phan). Gom phan<br />
thanh ddng rdng 1,5 met, chieu dai 4 met. Diing xeng nen chat ddng phan sau dd trat kin bang<br />
mdt lap biin day 2 cm. De 45 ngay sau dd tien hanh thu san pham. San pham la phan hum co<br />
dugc dua ra sir dung ngay hoac de khd tu nhien thi ddng bao bao quan.<br />
Phuong phdp xdc dinh cdc chi tieu theo doi<br />
De cd lap khdng gian lay mau va phan tich mau khdng khi, mdt budng giir khi phat thai tu<br />
mau phan can quan trac da dugc xay dung nhu tren hinh 1.<br />
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M^vboan hiit<br />
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, Buong lay man<br />
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Hinh 1. Buong lay mau khong khi phat thai tir phan lo' r--'<br />
H 60^^ SO OS<br />
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o PJ<br />
o. CN<br />
-s: KO O fN 'O O vo<br />
CN VO<br />
0,05), nhung ty le hao hut/sd con de nudi, tang khdi lugng giai doan sau<br />
cai sira den xuat ban/ngay sau xir ly deu cao hom trudc khi xii ly (P
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