Mức độ hứng thú học tập của sinh viên Trường Đại học Thương mại đối với môn những nguyên lý cơ bản của chủ nghĩa Mác-Lênin

MQC DO HQNG THU HOC TAP<br /> CUA SINH VIEN TRUONG DAI HOC<br /> THUONG M/^L DOI VOI MON<br /> N H Q N G NGUYEN LY CO BAN<br /> CUA CHU NGHIA M A C - LENIN<br /> TS. Dang Thj Van - ThS. Bang Birc Hodn<br /> Dgi hpe Nong nghiip Hd Ndi.<br /> ThS. Bang Thi Hoai<br /> Dgi hpe Thuang mai Hd Ndi.<br /> <br /> i I<br /> TOM TAT<br /> Kit qud nghiin cidi eho tlidy, himg thu hpe tap ciia sinh viin vdi hpc phdn ndy<br /> d mUc trung binh. Phdn tdn sinh viin chua ed thdi dp vd hdnh dpng hpc tap tich cite.<br /> Ki't qud hoc tap hpe phdn mdi chi dgl d mUe trung binh. Nguyin nhdn chit ye'u ehua<br /> gdy hUng thit hpc tap cho hp Id ehua cd phuang phdp hpe tap hcrp ly, tinh ehu ddng<br /> sdng tgo trong hpe tap edn thdp. Ngodi ra, mdn hpe khd, trdu tuang; phucmg phdp<br /> gidng dgy ciia gidng viin chua hap ly ciing la cde nguyen nhdn co bdn dan di'n hUng<br /> thit hpc tap ciia sinh viin ehua eao.<br /> Til khoa: HUng thit; HUng thd hpe tap; Sinh vien.<br /> Ngdy nhan bdi: 10/10/2012; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/11/2012.<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. Dat van de<br /> Hung thu la mdt thai dp dac bidt cia con ngudi dd'i vdi mdt dd'i tuinig<br /> nao dd vtta ed y nghia vdi ca nhan, vtta mang lai cho ca nhan khodi cam trong<br /> qua trinh hoat ddng [2, tr. 73]. Theo tae gia Mdrdzdva N.G.: Hung thtt eua ea<br /> nhan vdi mdt ddi tupng ndo dd dupc xdc djnh qua hidu bid't eua hp vd ddi<br /> tupng, ed su thich thu dd'i vdi dd'i tupng dd va thd hidn qua tlnh tieh cue boat<br /> ddng.<br /> Hung thu ldm nay sinh sdng tao, khao khdt tim tdi cai mdi, tang hidu qua<br /> boat ddng cua cd nhan. Nd'u sinh vidn cd httng thu vdi mdn hpc, hp se thd hidn<br /> <br /> <br /> TAPCHfTAMLynpC, Sd 12 (165), 12-2012 53<br /> su tap trung cao dd trong gid hpe trdn Idp, trong qud trinh tu nghidn cun tai<br /> lidu; hp say md, hdp ddn bdi ndi dung, ^ nghia eia mdn hpc; hp chi ddng tim<br /> kid'm nhung kid'n thtte mdi ngpdi bdi gidng trdn ldp cia gidng vidn, nhttng kidn<br /> thtte giao trinh da dd cap.<br /> Hpe phdn nhiing nguyin ly ca bdn ctia chti nghTa Mde - Linln la mdt hex<br /> phdn thidn vd ly luan, cd tlnh khdi qudt vd trttu tupng cap, vi thd nhidu sinh vidn<br /> ed tam ly sp hpc, thid'u su thi'ch thu, dam md vdi hpc phdn ndy. Khdng It sinh<br /> vidn cho rdng day la mdn hpc phu, khdng cdn thid't ndn hp hoc vdi tlnh ehdt ddi<br /> phd, chidu Id.<br /> Vice tim bidn phap tang cudng httng thu hpc tap cho sinh vidn dd'i vdi<br /> bdl ky hpc phdn ndo la nhidm vu thidt ydu eua giang vidn phu trdeh. Vi thd', tim<br /> hidu thtic trang mtte dd hung thu cua sinh vidn Trttdng Dai hpc ThttOng mai Hd<br /> Ndi dd'i vdi hpe phdn nhiing nguyin ly ca bdn ciia chd nghia Mde - Lenin, qua<br /> dd dd xudt eac bidn phdp bdi dudng httng thu eua hp vdi hpe phdn ndy Id ndi<br /> dung chi'nh dttpc dc cap trong nghidn cun nay.<br /> 2. Phuang phap nghien ciiru<br /> Nghidu cun chi yd'u dupc thuc hidn bdng phttOng phdp didu tra bdng<br /> bang hdi ca nhan. Ngodi ra, phuong phdp phdng vdn sau cung dttpc s i dung dd<br /> bd sung thdng tin trong qua trinh phan ti'eh djnh tinh.<br /> Trong pham vi nghidn eun nay, httng thu hpe tap cua sinh vidn ddi vdi<br /> hpc phdn duoc xem xet qua hai bidu hidn chi yd'u Id; (1) Thdi dd cua sinh vidn<br /> dd'i vdi hpc phdn (ydu - ghet, thich - khdng thich) bao gdm 10 mdnh dd, dd tin<br /> cay 0,69; (2) Hdnh ddng hpe tap (tu hpc, tu nghidn cun; trap ddi; ndu thdc<br /> mde...) bap gdm 7 mdnh dd, dCi tin cay 0,'73.<br /> Mtte dp hung thu cua sinh vidn dd'i vdi hpe phdn dupc danh gid qua kdt<br /> qua tdng didm trung binh vd thdi dd va hdnh ddng hpe tap cia hp. Mdi thang do<br /> thdi dp, hanh ddng hpe tap ed nhidu mdnh dd (bidu hidn eu thd) va mdi mdnh<br /> dd ed 5 phuong dn tra ldi vdi sd didm tuong ttng nhu sau; hoan todn dung (5<br /> didm), phdn ldn Id dung (4 didm), nia dung nia sai (3 didm), sai nhidu hon<br /> dung (2 didm), hoan todn sai (1 didm). Cac mdnh dd am tlnh ed didm sd quy<br /> ude ngttoe lai.<br /> Mtte dp hung thu trong hpe tap ndi ehung, trong cdc bidu hidn tam ly cu<br /> the (thai dp va hdnh ddng) ndi ridng duoc chia mdt cdch tuong dd'i thanh eac<br /> mtte ddnh gia sau; mtte cao (tieh cilc): 4 - 5 did'm, mtte kha (khd ti'eh eiie): 3 -<br /> dttdi 4 didm, inttc trung binh (chtta tieh cue): 2 - dttdi 3 diem, mtte thdp (tidu<br /> CIIC); dttdi 2 diem.<br /> Khdeh the tham gia nghidn eun Id 180 sinh vidn khoa Thupng mai didn<br /> ti, Kd todn - Kiem loan vd Kinh td cia Trttdng Dai hpc Thttdng mai Ha Ndi.<br /> <br /> <br /> 54 TAPCHfTAMLynpCSd 12(165), 12-2012<br /> Kd't qua didu tra dupe xtt ly bdng phdn mdm thd'ng kd SPSS (phidn ban 13.0).<br /> <br /> 3. Kdt qua nghien ciiu<br /> <br /> 3.1. Mde dp hdng thu cda sinh viin ddi vdi hpc phdn nhiing nguyin ly<br /> ca bdn cda Chu nghia Mde - Linin<br /> <br /> 3.1.1. Hdng thd ctia sinh viin ddi vdi mdn nhiing nguyin ly ca bdn cua<br /> Chu nghia Mde - Linin thi hiin qua Ihdi dp ddi vdi hpe phdn<br /> Kd't qua nghidn ein thue tidn vd thang do thai dd dd'i vdi hpc phdn nhiing<br /> nguyin ly cd bdn cua Chii nghia Mac - Linin dupc trlnh bay d bdng 1.<br /> <br /> Bdng 1: Himg thu hpe tap cda sinh vien the hiin qua Ihdi dip ddi vdi hpe phdn<br /> <br /> <br /> STT c a c biiu hien thai do hoc tap cua sinh vien DTB DLC<br /> 1 Theo 161 mfin hpc nay khfing nen dua vao chucmg trinh hoc vi 2,30 1,22<br /> khOng cdn thiet *<br /> 2 Nhiing nguyen ly co ban cua Chu nghia Mac - Lfinin la mOn 2,42 1,09<br /> can thie't dfi'i vdi sinh vien dai hoc<br /> 3 Ne'u khfing dat duoc thanh tich tdt uong mfin hoc se khfing 2.79 1,24<br /> thi'ch mOn hoc nay*<br /> 4 Toi rai ghet mfin nhung nguyen ly co ban ciia Chu nghia Mac 2,90 1,12<br /> - Lenin*<br /> 5 Mon nhiing nguyen ly co ban cua Chu nghia Mac - Lenin la 2,69 1,16<br /> mfin qua khfi khan, nham chan*<br /> 6 Trong ta't ca cac mfin hoc khoa Ly luan (Thinh tti, tfii thich 2,47 1,25<br /> nha't mfin nhiing nguyen ly co ban cua Chu nghia Mac - Lenin<br /> 7 Dfin gid hoc mfin nhiing nguyen ly co ban ciia Chu nghia Mac 2,36 0,91<br /> - Lenin tdi ddu cam thjfy rat thich Ihii<br /> 8 Tfii rat thi'ch tim hi& cac tai lieu vi mOn nhung nguyen ly co 1,99 0,93<br /> ban cua Chu nghTa Mac - Lenin<br /> 9 Tfii nhan tha'y mOn hoc nay rai cd hihig thd Ifii cufi'n cac ban 1,96 0,91<br /> sinh vien<br /> 10 Tfii lufin chd doi de'n gid hpc mfin mOn nhimg nguyen ly co 1,93 0,95<br /> ban ciia Chu nehia Mac - Lenin<br /> Diem trung binh chung thang do thai dfi 2,61 1,06<br /> <br /> Ghi chii: Diem cao nhdt Id 5, thdp nhd'l Id 1; DTB cdng cao sinh viin cdng the hien Ihdi c<br /> tich cue; Nhitng menh de cd ddu* duac dSi nguac diem khi xit ly.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, So 12 (165), 12 - 2012 55<br />  Sd lidu d bang 1 eho thdy, phdn ldn sinh vidn ed thdi dd chua tich cue<br /> ddi vdi mdn hpc (DTB; 2,61 - ndm trong thang ddnh gid b mtte chtta ti'ch cue).<br /> Nhidu sinh vidn chtta cd tam thd sdn sdng ddn chd budi hpc (DTB; 1,93 - mtte<br /> tidu cue). Bdn canh dd, vdn cdn khdng it sinh vidn tham gia hpc phdn dp ydu<br /> cdu bat bude trong chupng trinh ddo tao, chtt khdng phdi xudt phdt ttt tlnh lit<br /> gidc hay nhu cdu hidu bid't nhttng kidn Ihttc cua hpc phdn. Nhidu sinh vidn<br /> khdng thIeh tim hidu cac kid'n thtte, lai lidu lidn quan ddn mdn hpe (DTB; 1,99).<br /> Phdn nhicu sinh vidn khdng hdp httng mdi khi tham gia gid hpe cua hpe phdn<br /> (DTB; 2,36). Con khdng It sinh vidn td thdi dd ghdt, thd 0, khdng quan tam ddn<br /> hpc phdn ndy (DTB; 2,90).<br /> Cung qua sd lidu didu tra cho thdy, tam IJJ cia khdng It sinh vidn Id coi<br /> nang didm sd dat dttpc khi tham gia hpc phdn ndy. Hp hpc vdi muc dich khdng<br /> phai thi lai, hpc lai. Chung tdi thid't nghT, dd hinh thdnh hung thtt thue su vdi<br /> mdn hpe, didu quan trpng la y nghTa cia mdn hpc nay giup eho sinh vidn hinh<br /> thanh tu duy khoa hpe phuc vu eho vide hoe tap cde mdn hpc khac trong<br /> chuong trinh ddo tao dai hpe eung nhu phue vu cho cdng tac nghd nghidp sau<br /> khi hp tdt nghidp ra trudng. Cdn khdng It sinh vidn eho rdng niu khdng dgt<br /> dttdc thdnh lich td't trong mdn hpc se khdng thich mdn hpc ndy (DTB: 2,79).<br /> Qua kd't qua ndy, nhttng ngttdi ldm cdng tdc giang day cdn chu trpng ddi mdi<br /> phupng phdp giang day theo hudng tich eire, hudng vdo ngudi hpe, giup hp tu<br /> tim, kid'm, phat hidn eai hay, cdi cd gid trj eia kid'n thtte mdn hpc, ttt dd bdi<br /> dudng httng thu hpe tap cho sinh vidn qua tttng tidt hpe, budi hpe chtt khdng<br /> phai xudt phdt ttt su hap hung hay thid'u hung thu vdi didm sd cao hay thdp cua<br /> ban than sinh vidn. Khi sinh vidn hidu rd gid trj eia kid'n thtte mdn hpe, hp se<br /> cd ddng lue thuc day nhu cdu hidu bid't, khdm phd kid'n thtte cia hp ma khdng<br /> phai mue di'eh duy nhdt la didm sd dat dupc eia mdn hpc.<br /> Qua phan tich trdn chttng tdi rut ra nhan xdt sau: Phdn ldn sinh vidn<br /> Trudng Dai hpe Thupng mai trong didn didu tra chua cd thdi dd hpc tap ti'eh<br /> ctlc. Cdn khdng It sinh vidn vdn ddnh gid mdn hpc khd, khd khan vd ehua thu<br /> hut, gay hdp ddn vdi hp ndn hp thuc stt chtta ed hung thu hpe tap dd'i vdi hpc<br /> phdn nay. Vi thd, vide cing cd, bdi dudng thdi dd hpe tap tich cue cho sinh vidn<br /> phai kd dd'n vai trd cia ngudi gidng vidn. Nhttng kid'n thtte thue tidn cdn ldng<br /> ghdp mdt cdeh linh boat, nhttng vl du thuc tidn sinh ddng, nhttng khi'ch Id, ddng<br /> vidn, khen ngpi sinh vidn trong tttng tidt hpc se cd tde dung kieh thich su td md,<br /> ydu thi'eh mdn hpc eia ho.<br /> Thuc ra, mdi hoc phdn dupc dua vap chuong tnnh dao tao cho sinh vidn<br /> d bac dai hpc ddu ed gid trj nhdt djnh dd'i vdi vide phdt tridn nhan each sinh<br /> vidn nhtt mdt nhan lue irong mCit ITnh vue nghd nhdt djnh. Kid'n thtte eua hpc<br /> phdn nhiing nguyin ly cd bdn cda Chu nghia Mac - Linin giup eho sinh vidn<br /> hinh thdnh mdt phttdng phdp luan tu duy Idgi'c rdt cdn eho eudc sd'ng eung nhu<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 56 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 12 (165), 12 - 2012<br /> trong hoat ddng nghd nghidp. Tuy nhidn, cac kd't qua phdng vdn sau cho thdy<br /> khdng It sinh vidn chua hieu gia trj cia mdn hpc, khdng It sinh vidn cdn cho<br /> rdng mdn hpe nay khdng edn thid't dua vao ehttong tnnh ddo tao (DTB: 2,30).<br /> Mdt nam sinh vidn khoa Kidm loan - Kd todn chia se: "Mdn hpc ndy khdng<br /> phdi mdn sd trudng cda em, bdi em thdy kii'n thdc eua mdn hpc rdt trim tupng,<br /> khd hieu. Han nda, em hpc chuyin ngdnh Kiim todn - Ki todn chdc cdng<br /> khdng cdn sit dung kiin thdc cda mdn hpc ndy vdo nghe nghiip nin em it quan<br /> tdm vd ddu tu cdng sire, thdi gian cho mdn hpc... Kd't qua nghidn cttu thuc tidn<br /> ndu trdn se Id su gpi md quan trpng dd'i vdi giang vidn trong qud trinh tim bidn<br /> phdp tae ddng phi hpp nhdm bid'n ddi thdi dd tidu cue cia sinh vidn dd'i vtSi<br /> mdn hpe.<br /> 3.1.2. Hitng thu ctia sinh viin biiu hiin qua hdnh ddng hpc tap hpc phdn<br /> nhiing nguyin ly cd bdn cua Chti nghia Mde - Linin<br /> Sd lidu trinh bdy d bang 2 eho tha'y, sinh vidn chua chi ddng, tich cue<br /> tham gia gid hpc, tid'p can kid'n thtte cia hpe phdn n/ijftij nguyin ly ca bdn cua<br /> Chd nghia Mac - Lenin (DTB: 2,71). Mac di da sd sinh vidn nhan dinh trpng<br /> gid hpc mdn nay, hp khdng ed hanh ddng hpc dd'i phd bang each cd mat d ldp<br /> nhung lai tranh thi hpe mdn hpe khae (DTB: 1,53). Xdt d khia eanh y thtte, day<br /> la bidu hidn cia su tdn trpng gido vidn cia sinh vidn. Tuy nhidn, xdt d khia<br /> canh hiing thu, mac du sinh vidn khdng hpe mdn khae trong thdi gian dang<br /> tham du mdn nay nhung khdng thd hidn tlnh chi ddng linh hdi kid'n thtte bdng<br /> each phdt bidu y kid'n, tid'n hdnh trao ddi, gidi quyd't cdc cau hdi, cac vdn dd ma<br /> gidng vidn va sinh vidn khac ndu ra... cho thdy hp eung chua thd hidn tlnh tich<br /> cue mpt each ro ndt trong hdnh vi hpc tap. Song bidu hidn nay se la co sd, didu<br /> kidn thuan loi ban ddu de sinh vidn tap trung nghe giang, quan tam dd'n kid'n<br /> thtte ma giang vidn httdng ddn, chia se trong gid hpc.<br /> <br /> Bdng 2: Hdng thu ctia sinh viin biiu hien qua hdnh ddng hpc tap<br /> <br /> STT Cac bieu hien ciia hanh dong hoc tap DTB DLC<br /> 1 Trong idli hpc mfin nhiing nguyen ly co ban cua Chii nghia 1,53 0,93<br /> Mac - Lenin tOi thudng tranh thu hoc mOn hoc khSc*<br /> 2 Trong khi hoc mdn hpc nay, tOi thudng suy nghi Iam th^ nao 3,39 1,19<br /> di hoc cho tfit hon<br /> 3 Khi hpc, tfii thudng xuyfin phat bi^u y kidn, trao ddi vdi giao 2,36 1,14<br /> vien va sinh vien khac<br /> 4 Trong qua trinh hpc mfin nhiing nguyen ly ca ban cua Chu 2,44 1,18<br /> nghia Mac - Lenin, nfiu gap phai khfi khan tfii thudng chia se<br /> vdi giao vien va sinh vien khac<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd 12 (165), 12 - 2012 57<br />  5 Thdi gian ranh rdi tfii rat ft khi chii ddng nghidn ciSu mfin hpc 2,27 1,21<br /> nay*<br /> 6 Tfii khfing nhihig tham gia gid day ciia gi^ng vien 6 tren ldp, 2,07 1,05<br /> ma cdn chii dOng tu hpc va nghien ciiu tai lieu lien quan d^n<br /> mfin nSy<br /> 7 Hang ngay, tfii ihudng xuyen lu dpc vil nghien cihi mfin nhihig 1.96 0,83<br /> nguven IV CO ban cua Chu nehla M^c - Lenin<br /> Diem trung binh chung thang do hanh vi hoc tap 2,71 0,61<br /> Ghi chu: Di/m cao nhat Id 5. tiid'p nhdi Id I: DTB cdng cao sinh viin cdng thi hiin hdnh<br /> ddng tich cue; Nh&ng menh de cd ddu* dugc diii ngugc di/m khi xii ly.<br /> <br /> <br /> Khd nhidu sinh vidn da bidt tim kid'm phuong phap ITnh hdi kidn thtte sao<br /> eho phtt hpp vdi tlnh chat cia mdn hpc. Tuy nhidn, nhung hdnh dCing thidt thuc<br /> hon vd ed y nghTa quan trpng hpn giup sinh vidn ed thd tid'p can kidn thtte mflt<br /> each dd dang, hidu qua hon nhtt tim kid'm su giup dd eia gidng vidn hay trao<br /> ddi vdi sinh vidn khde khi gap nhttng kid'n thtte ehua hidu, nhiing vdn dd khd<br /> khan gap phai trong qud trinh hpe tap hpe phdn ndy thi chua dttpc sinh vidn chii<br /> trpng (DTB ldn IttOt Id 2,36; 2,44 - mtte chtta tieh cue).<br /> Phdn nhieu sinh vidn chua bid't tan dung thdi gian ranh rdi cung nhu<br /> ehua tap lap thdi quen td't va rdt ed y nghia trong qud trinh hpe tap hpc phdn<br /> nay la tu hpc, tir nghidn cun.<br /> Mdt giang vidn day mdn hpc ndy eho bid't: "Nhin chung sinh viin tham<br /> gia hpc tap Ihu ddng, chdm ehii nghe vd ghi chip Id chit yiu, cd mdt sd sinh<br /> viin cdn ngdi ndi chuyin vd ldm viec rieng trong gid hpc. Rdt it sinh vien phdt<br /> biiu y kiin, mdt phdn cdng do luryng kien thilc nhieu so thdi gian quy dinh, nen<br /> gidng viin cung it ddt cdu hdi, tinh hudng. Cd chdng thi gidng vien ddt cdu hdi<br /> vd tit trd Irii di sinh vien hiiu dudc vdn di ly ludn dang duac de cap. Vi thiiu<br /> tinh chii ddng nin cung it sinh vien thdc mac hay ddt cdu hdi eho gidng viin vd<br /> sinh viin khde...<br /> Qua sir nhin nhan va ddnh gid so bd eua giang vidn trtic tid'p giang day<br /> eung nhu qua sd lidu phan ti'ch d trdn cho thdy tinh ti'eh cue chu ddng, tu gidc<br /> trong hpe tap cia sinh vien cdn ban ehd'. Vide day hpc bdng tinh hud'ng hay<br /> hudng ddn phttPng phdp ttt hpe, tu nghidn cttu cho sinh vidn rdt cdn su quan tam<br /> dp dung eia giang vidn, ed nhu vay mdi giam thdi gian thuydt trinh eia gidng<br /> vidn d trdn Idp, tang tlnh tttdng tdc giua giang vidn vd sinh vidn trong day hpc.<br /> <br /> 3.1.3. Ddnh gid chung hting thu hpc tap ctia sinh viin ddi vdi hpc phdn<br /> nhiing nguyin ly ca bdn cda Chti nghia Mde - Lenin<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 58 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 12 (165), 12 - 2012<br />  • HCriiB thii<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Bie'u dd I: Miic dp himg thit eiia sinh viin ddi vdi hoc phdn<br /> <br /> Kd't qua tdng hpp diem trung binb vd nhung bidu hidn trong httng thu<br /> cia sinh vidn dd'i vdi hpc phdn nhiing nguyin ty ca bdn cua Chd nghia Mde -<br /> Linin eho thdy, hanh ddng hpc tap the hidn rd hon so vdi thai dd, song mtte dp<br /> hung thu eua hp vdi hpc phdn nay ehi d mtte trung binh. Kdt qua nay ed thd<br /> dupe ly gidi nhu sau: "Nhiing nguyin ly ca bdn cua Chit nghia Mde - Linin Id<br /> hpe phdn ly luan ed tlnh chat trttu tupng, khdi quat cao vl the khdng It sinh vidn<br /> tham gia mdt each bi ddng (nghe va ghi chep la ehi yd'u), phu thude phan ldn<br /> vdp bdi thuydt trinh eia giang vidn. Ti'nh chi ddng khde phuc mpi khd khan<br /> trong qud trinh hpc tap mdn hpc ndy (nhu gap mdt khdi nidm khd, mdt vdn dd<br /> trim tuong...), trao ddi, chia se kinh nghidm ttt giang vidn, sinh vidn khac khdng<br /> phai Id mdi quan tam cia nhidu sinh vidn. Cdn nhidu sinh vidn khdng ldn ke<br /> hoach hang ngdy hay vao nhttng luc ranh rdi dd sim tdm, dpe va nghidn cttu tdi<br /> lidu lidn quan dd'n mdn hpc. Chi ddng ndu thdc mde, ndu cau hdi dd cung giang<br /> vidn va sinh vidn khac giai quyd't nhdm md rdng kid'n thtte mdn hpc la nhirng<br /> bidu hidn ti'ch cue trong hanh vi hpc tap lai khdng dupe sinh vidn s i dung va<br /> phdt huy. Vide tham gia hpc tap mdt each bdt buoc theo chuong trinh hoc cdn<br /> la tam ly eua hdu hd't sinh vidn.<br /> <br /> Mdt thtte td cho thdy, nhiing nguyin ly ca bdn cda Chu nghia Mde -<br /> Linin hay bdt ctt mdn khoa hpc ndp trong chttPng trlnh ddo tao dai hpe bj sinh<br /> vidn quy gdn la mdn phu, khdng quan trpng eung ddn dd'n tinh trang sinh vidn<br /> khdng cd gdng hpe, ma nang tam ly hpe dd ddp ting di didu kidn khdng phai<br /> hpc lai, thi lai. Thdi dd hpe tap chua tu giac, thti ddng, ddi khi edn mang tlnh<br /> ehdt (idi phd vdi giang vidn va ngay cd vdi ban than vd tinh trd thdnh nhttng rao<br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 12 (165), 12 - 2012 59<br /> can tam ly kim ham tinh tich eire trong qua trinh hpe tap nhttng mdn hpe dd<br /> eua hp.<br /> Qua kd't qud phan dnh ndu Irdn, eau hdi ldn cdn dupc dat ra ddi vdi<br /> nhttng ngttdi iam cdng tae gidng day vdi hpe phdn nhiing nguyin ty cd bdn etia<br /> Chd nghia Mde - Lenin la lam thd niio dd phdt huy tlnh ti'ch cue trong hpe tap<br /> cia sinh vidn? Co bidn phdp tdc ddng phi hpp mdi gdp phdn nang cao hidu qua<br /> hpe tap hpc phdn ndy cung nhu bdi dudng hung thu, dam md hpc tap cia sinh<br /> vidn.<br /> 3.2. Kit qud hoe tdp hoc phdn nhiing nguyin ly ca bdn cua Chti nghia<br /> Mde - Linin<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Biiu do 2: Phdn logi kit qua hpc tap hpc phdn<br /> <br /> Qua sd lidu bidu dd 2 cho thdy, kd't qua hpe tap cua sinh vidn trong didn<br /> didu tra chi yd'u dat mtte C va D vdi ty Id % ldn Ittot la 38,3 vd 40,6. Chi co<br /> 13,3% sinh vidn ed kdt qua hpc tap loai B. Mac dtt loai F chid'm ty Id khdng<br /> dang kd nhttng loai A hdu he't sinh vidn khdng dat dupe (0,6%). Didm trung<br /> binh hpe phdn d tdng sd sinh vidn trong didn didu tra dat 6,34 didm (dat mtte C,<br /> thang didm 10). Sd lidu thdng kd eho thdy phdn Idn sinh vidn ehua cd kd't qua<br /> nhu mong dpi cia giang vidn cung nhu bdn than sinh vidn. Cho du kd't qua nay<br /> do nhidu nguydn nhan song hung thu hpc tap cung ehi phd'i khdng nhd. Xem<br /> xdt mdi tuong quan gitta mtte dd httng thu va kd't qua hpc tap cho thdy chung cd<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 60 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 12 (165), 12 - 2012<br /> md'i tUdng quan ty Id thuan vi tuong dd'i manh (vdi r = 0,61; p < 0,05). Kd't qua<br /> nay cho phdp ehung ta ly giai nhu sau; nd'u sinh vidn ed hung thu eao trong hpc<br /> tap thi kd't qua hpc t$p cao va ngupc lai nd'u sinh vidn thidu dam md hpe tap<br /> cung se la nguydn nhan ddn dd'n kd't qua tdi. Tuy nhidn, eung qua kd't qua' phan<br /> tieh tuong quan eho thdy hung thu hpc tap cia sinh vidn khdng phdi la yd'u td<br /> duy nhdt quyd't dinh kd't qua hpe tap eia sinh vidn. Phuong phap giang day eia<br /> giang vidn, phuong phap hpc cia sinh vidn cung ed anh hudng nhdt dinh.<br /> 3.3. Cdc nguyen nhdn chua tgo hdng thu hoc tdp cho sinh viin ddi vdi<br /> mdn nhitng nguyin ly ca bdn cua Chii nghia Mac - Lenin<br /> Trong cdc nguydn nhan ma chung tdi gpi md thi nguydn nhan khach<br /> quan ndi bat nhdt theo danh gia cia sinh vidn la "Mdn hpc qud khd vd trUu<br /> tupng (DTB: 1,81). Mdt sinh vidn ntt khoa Kinh td chia se: "Em thtte stt chua cd<br /> hdng thu vdi mdn hpe ndy, em thd'y kiin thde Ihi rpng, trilu tupng, khd tii'p can<br /> bdi le kii'n thdc thien vi ly lugn Id chinh nin hpc xong ba tiii em cdm thdy rdt<br /> met mdi". Su chia se eua sinh vidn chp thdy, chlnh suy nghi va quan nidm nay<br /> cia hp da vd tinh trd thdnh trd ngai tam ly ldn can trd qua trinh tham gia tich<br /> cue eia hp trpng gid hpe mdn ndy. Hp chtta phat huy tinh thdn hpp tac, chia se,<br /> xay dung bdi cung gidng vidn. Mdt phdn cd thd do sinh vidn chua nhin nhan<br /> dung vai trd cia mdn hpe, mdt phdn cd the phuong phap eua giang vidn ehua<br /> phu hpp vdi dac didm tam ly eia sinh vidn ndn chua khoi gpi httng thtt hpc tap<br /> cho hp.<br /> <br /> Thtte td, day la mdn hpc mang tinh khai quat va trim tttpng. Cac kid'n<br /> thtte la nhttng ly luan vd su van ddng va phat tridn cua su vat hidn tuong, nhttng<br /> nguydn ly, nguyen tdc luan... Tuy nhidn, nd'u ed phuong phap ddn ddt, dat vdn<br /> dd eia giang vidn mdt cdch hpp ly, phu hop vdi tam ly sinh vidn; hay nhttng<br /> ttng dung thue tidn da dang, sinh ddng gdn gui va thiet thue vdi cude sd'ng cia<br /> sinh vidn dupc Idng ghep hdi hda se giup sinh vidn tid'p can vd hidu kid'n thtte<br /> khdng qua khd khan. Y kid'n ddnh gia eua sinh vidn qua nghien ciiu thuc tidn<br /> cung se la mdt sir gpi md quan trpng ddi vdi gidng vidn trong vide cai tid'n<br /> phttOng phdp giang day dd sinh vidn cd thd dd dang tid'p can kid'n thtte. Du kid'n<br /> thtte khd, trim tupng nhung cd each thtte ehuyen tai hpp ly cia giang vidn, ddi<br /> khi pha thdm ehttt hai httde eung se nay sinh nhttng cam xtte tich cue hpc tap<br /> cia sinh vidn.<br /> PhttPng phap gidng day cia giang vidn theo danh gia cia nhieu sinh vidn<br /> Id chua phi h(?p (DTB: 2,23). Mdt giang vidn day lau nam hoe phdn nhitng<br /> nguyen ly cd bdn cua Chd nghia Mde - Linin chia se': "Theo tdi mdi mdn hpc<br /> deu cdn mot phudng phdp riing, mdi phdn, mdi ehuang Igi phdi linh hogt sir<br /> dttng cdc phuang thtic chuyin tdi kiin thdc khde nhau. Ddy Id mdn hpc cd tinh<br /> khdi qudt cao nen trong qud trinh gidng dgy tdi ciing long ghep kiin thiic thue<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAPCHfTAMLyHpC,Sdl2(165), 12-2012 61<br /> tiin di sinh viin de hieu. thinh thodng tdi cdng cho sinh viin liin hdnh<br /> xeminar, trao ddi nhung cdng khdng thudng xuyin vi lucmg kiin thiic cdng<br /> nhieu md thdi gian quy dinh Id bdt bude... Khi dupe hdi; "Cd en hay sU dting<br /> phudng phdp dgy hoc iheo tinh hudng hgy thdo liicjii nhdm, hudng ddn cho sinh<br /> vien III hpc, til nghien cini. . hdi ddy Id nhiing phuang phdp tich cue hudng<br /> nhieu vdo ngUdi hoc...". Giang vidn ndy thdng thdn trao ddi: 'Tdi cdng cd sii<br /> dung cdc hinh thirc tren nhung cung khdng thudng xuyin vd khdng ddnh gid,<br /> kii'm cht'mg Itic it qud mdt edch trie! de.. "<br /> Bdng 4: Cdc nguyin nhdn chUa lao hiing thil hpc lap cho sinh viin<br /> <br /> Thii Cac nguyen nhan chua lau hiing thu hoc tap cho sinh<br /> bac vien doi vi'ri mfin nhiing nguydn ly co ban cua DTB DLC<br /> Cliii nghia Mac - Lenin<br /> 1 MOn hoc qua klui v.i nim tirong 1,81 0,96<br /> 2 Chua tim ra phuonji phiip hoc tap hop 1^ 1,96 0,91<br /> 3 Thie'u tai lieu, giao trinh lien quan de'n mfin hoc 2.23 1,24<br /> 4 Chua nhan thiic ro y nghia cua mfin hoc 2,42 1.23<br /> 5 Tinh chu dfing sang lao cua ban than cdn yfiu 2,43 1,01<br /> 6 Ban than chua cd dfing co hoc tap rd rang 2,49 1,16<br /> 7 Khfing cd nhu c^u hoc tap mfin hoc nSy 2,87 1.32<br /> 8 Thie'u tai lieu, giao Irinh lien quan de'n mdn hoc 3.76 1.24<br /> Ghi chi'r OrB cdng nhd dnh hudng cdng rd ret, quy udc thdp nhdt Id I diim. cao nhdi Id 5 diim.<br /> <br /> <br /> Thtic te eho thdy phdn ldn gidng vidn chi yd'u s i dung phudng phdp<br /> thuydt trinh trong giang day eae mdn thidn vd ly luan, didu dd dd lam sinh vidn<br /> mdt mdi, chdn nan khi nghe gidng. Vi thd, giang vidn ndn thudng xuydn cai<br /> tid'n, dp dung phuong phap giang day phu help theo quan didm phdt huy ti'nh<br /> tich cue eia ngudi hpc. Day cDng se Id bidn phdp phdt huy sdng tao, su ydu<br /> thi'ch, tim tdi khdm phd kid'n thtte eia sinh vidn.<br /> Ngodi cdc nguydn nhan khdeh quan thi nguydn nhan ehu quan cung cd<br /> anh httdng khdng nhd dd'n hung thu hpc tap cia sinh vidn. Nhidu sinh vidn thiia<br /> nhan ban than chUa tim ra phuang phdp hpc tap hiTp ly (DTB: 1,96). Qua didu<br /> tra chp thdy, cd tdi 30,6% sd sinh vidn liia chpn phupng phdp hpc la nghe vd<br /> ghi chdp bdi gidng cia giang vidn. Chi cd 3,9% sinh vidn lua ehpn phuong phdp<br /> hpe ehi yd'u la tu hpc, tu nghidn ettn. Trpng khi dd, hpc tap theo tin chi sinh<br /> vidn dupe ehu ddng lap kd hoach hpe tap cia ban than theo nang lue, didu kidn<br /> ca nhan, qua dd hp cd the phdt huy tlnh sdng tap, ky nang tu hoc, tu nghidn<br /> <br /> <br /> 62 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 12 (165), 12 - 2012<br /> cun. Thue td', d nhidu sinh vidn dai hpe ndi chung, trong dd cd sinh vidn Dai<br /> hpe Thuong Mai, ti'nh tu giae trong hpe tap edn thdp, ky nang tu hpe, tu nghidn<br /> euu con yd'u. Nhidu sinh vidn eung chua ndu eao tinh thdn ttt hpc vd bid't duoe<br /> gid tri eua tu hpe. Chttng tdi thid't nghi, vai trd eia gidng vidn trong vide td ehtte<br /> httdng ddn sinh vidn tu hpe, tu nghidn cun la vd cing cdn thid't trong tiao tao tin<br /> ehi. Hon ntta, ed vdn hpe tap cOng edn thtte hidn vd phat huy vai trd cia minh<br /> dd sinh vidn nhanh chdng tim ra dupc mdt phuang phap hpe tap hop ly.<br /> Hpe phdn nay cd y nghTa rdt ldn Id giup cd nhan hieu duoc cdc quy luat<br /> cia tu nhidn, xa hdi; hinh thdnh tu duy lOgle song nhidu sinh vidn ehua hidu rd<br /> dupc y nghia eia mdn hpc (DTB; 2,42).<br /> Mdt sd nguydn nhan ehi quan khde eung anh hudng kha rd dd'n hung thd<br /> hpe tap eua sinh vidn la: "Tinh chii ddng sdng Igo ctia bdn Ihdn edn yiu", "Bdn<br /> thdn chua cd ddng ca hpc tap rd rdng" vdi DTB ldn lupt la 2,43; 2,49.<br /> Dd ed hung thtt vdi mdn hpc, trttdc hd't sinh vidn phai hidu dupe gid tri<br /> mdn hpc, thdy dupe cdi hay cia kid'n thtte, cd cam hung trong bai giang eia<br /> giang vidn va bude ddu bid't ung dung kid'n thtte dd vao trong eudc sdng thi vai<br /> trd eia ngudi giang vidn Id vd eung quan trpng. Sinh vidn Id Itta tudi ua tim tdi<br /> eai mdi, thi'ch khdm phd, nay sinh nhu cdu tu khing dinh ban than, ky vpng vdo<br /> nghd nghidp tuong lai, tlnh dde lap va lap trudng sdng cia hp dupe bde 16 rd<br /> net... [1, tr. 62]. Vi the, giang vidn cdn Ittu y giao nhttng nhidm vu vtta sttc,<br /> song ddi khi phdi cd nhung ydu cau cao tao ra su thi thdeh eho sinh vidn trong<br /> hpe tap, ldng ghep kid'n thtte thue tidn sinh ddng, thid't thuc, giao nhidm vu cd<br /> tlnh ehdt tim tdi, khdm pha, phtt hpp vdi tam ly Itta tudi se... la nhidm vu giang<br /> vidn phai chu trpng thuc hidn thudng xuydn. Nd'u giang vidn lam tdt vai trd dd<br /> se gdp phdn nang eao eae phdm chdt tam ly tich cue cho sinh vidn trong dd cd<br /> hting thu, say md mdn hpc.<br /> <br /> 3.4. Mdl sd di xudt cua sinh vien nhdm tdng cudng hvmg thd hpc tap<br /> cua hp ddi vdi hpc phdn<br /> Qua thuc td dttOC hpc tap hpc phdn nay, sinh vidn ed mdt sd dd xudt vdi<br /> nhd trudng, giang vidn cung nhu dd'i vdi ban than hp nhu sau:<br /> - Di xudt vdi nhd trudng: 30% sd sinh vidn trong didn dieu tra dd nghi<br /> cung edp trang bi cde thid't bi day hpe hidn dai chp mdn hpc. 22,8% sinh vidn<br /> ed nguydn vpng giam tai chuong trinh hpc. Qua didu tra cho thdy, 21,1% sinh<br /> vidn cho ring ndi dung chuong trinh mdn hpc nay qud nhieu; 67,2% nhan djnh<br /> npi dung mdn hpe d mtte nhieu. Chi cd 11,7% ddnh gid vtta du va khdng cd<br /> sinh vidn ndp chp rdng npi dung edn thid'u d mdn hpc ndy. Day eung la ep sd dd<br /> cac cdp qudn ly quan tam khi xay dung ehttdng trinh ddo tao dd thid't kd ndi<br /> dung hpe phdn mdt cdeh hpp ly so vdi sd tin chi dn dinh.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAPCHfTAMLynpCSd 12 (165), 12-2012 63<br />  Thuc td mdn hpc ndy da vd dang dttpc td ehtte thi dudi hinh thtte tu Into.<br /> Tuy nhidn ed 13,3% sd sinh vidn cd nguydn vpng td ehtte thi hpc phdn nay dudi<br /> hinh thtte thi trdc nghidm dd hp hpc theo hinh thtte hpc hidu md khdng mdt thdi<br /> gian hpc thude ldng md khdng hidu rd bdn chdt eia kid'n thtte. Day eung Id<br /> thdng tin dd gidng vidn gidng day, phdng khao thi - kidm tra vd ddnh gid chdt<br /> lupng, edp quan ly bd mdn xem xdt khi td ehtte thi hd't hpc phdn.<br /> Ngodi ra sinh vidn edn dtta ra rdt nhidu kidn nghi khde nhu td ehtte ede<br /> hoat ddng ngoai khda cho mdn hpe, td ehtte nhidu eudc ihi tim hidu vd mdn<br /> hpc, quan tam bdi dudng ehuydn mdn ehp giang vidn, td ehtte edc hdi thao hdi<br /> nghi vd phucmg phap hpe tap mdn hpc nay, sdp xd'p lai thdi gian hpc cho hpp 1^<br /> hon hay gidm sd sinh vidn trong mdt ldp... Cde dd xudt ma sinh vidn, theo<br /> chung tdi ddnh gid Id kha hpp ly nd'u cd didu kidn thuc hidn. Bdi thuc td chp<br /> thdy, cac boat ddng ngoai khtia nhdm trau ddi kid'n thtte thuc tidn eua mdn hpc<br /> cho sinh vidn. Tmh trang ldp hpe cd sd sinh vidn ldn (100 - 150 sinh vidn) khd<br /> phd bid'n d eSc trudng dai hpe eung anh hudng khdng nhd ddn hidu qud day vi<br /> hoc ndi chung cung nhu sinh vidn khd cd co hdi tuong tde tnic tidp vdi giang<br /> vidn ndn ban chd tinh ti'ch cue cung nhu gidm hung thu hpc tip cia hp.<br /> - Di xud't vdi gidng viin: 62,2% sd sinh vidn eho rdng mud'n tang cudng<br /> httng thtt hpc tap cia hp thi giang vidn phai ludn eai tid'n phudng phap day hpc<br /> hpp ly vdi dac diem tam ly cua sinh vidn, phuang phdp phai hdp ddn, ldi cudn<br /> sinh vidn tham gia. Kid'n nghi ndi bat thtt hai dd la gidng vidn khdng ndn gay dp<br /> Ittc cho sinh vidn, cdn cd tlnh hai hude trong giang day vi day la mdn hpe trttu<br /> tupng la y kid'n cua 33,9% sd sinh vidn trong didn didu tra. Bdn eanh dd cd 30%<br /> sinh vien dd nghi trong qud trlnh giang day, giang vidn phai dua nhidu ung<br /> dung thuc tidn hay, sinh ddng se thu hut dupe sinh vidn vao bdi giang. Ngoai ta,<br /> sinh vidn cdn cho rdng giang vidn edn tam huydt hon vdi nghd, bdi dudng<br /> ehuydn mdn thttdng xuydn, ndu rd y nghia mdn hoe (ty Id % ldn lupt Id 5%;<br /> 3,8%; 7,8%).<br /> <br /> Nhu vay, khd nhidu sinh vidn ehu trpng dd'n phuong phdp cia giang vidn<br /> va kha nang ung dung cia mdn hpc Id hai vdn dd mdu chd't hon ca cd tdc dung<br /> Idm tang cudng httng thu hpc tap cua hp.<br /> <br /> - Ddi vdi bdn Ihdn sinh vien: 68,9% sinh vidn eho rdng mudn nang eao<br /> httng thu, ban than hp cdn cd tlnh chi ddng, tieh cue hdn khi hpc tap mfln hpc<br /> ndy. Phdn ldn sinh vidn trong didn didu tra cho rdng hp cdn thu ddng, dd'i phd<br /> trong hpc tap mdn hpe ndy. 19,4% sinh vidn eho rdng edn cd y thtte td't hon vdi<br /> mdn hpe. Ngodi ra, edn hinh thdnh phuang phap hpe tap phu hpp, edn nhan<br /> thtte rd y nghia mdn hpc eung Id dd nghi cia khdng It sinh vidn (vdi ty Id % lan<br /> lupt la 17,8%; 14,4% va 13,3%).<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 64 TAPCHfTAMLyHpC,Sdl2(165), 12-2012<br />  Trong eae dd xudt md sinh vidn ndu ra, sinh vidn tap trung nhidu hon vdo<br /> ydu td ban than. Hp nhan ra rdng hung thu thue su eua hp chi cd thd dupc khoi<br /> day vd phat tridn khi hp thuc su tich cue, ehu ddng trong hpc tap. Bdn canh dd<br /> phupng phdp eua giang vidn hdp ddn, hpp ly va co sd phuc vu day hpc hidn dai,<br /> ddy d i cung gdp phdn cai thidn httng thu hpc tap eia hp dat P mtte cap hem.<br /> <br /> Ke't lu$n<br /> Nghidn cun thue tidn ehp thdy sinh vidn Trttdng Dai hoc Thuong mai<br /> trong didn didu tra cd hung thu hpc tap dd'i vdi mdn nhiing nguyin ly cd bdn<br /> cua Chii nghia Mde - Linin d mtte Irung binh. Kd't qua hpc tap hpc phdn cia<br /> sinh vidn dat d mtte trung binh (tap trung chi yd'u vdo mtte C va D) do nhidu<br /> yd'u td ehi phdi. song hung thtt hpe tap cua hp chua cao cung cd anh httdng nhdt<br /> dinh ddn kd't qua nay. Chua ed phucmg phap hpc tap hpp ly, tinh tich cue chi<br /> ddng trpng hpc tap chtta cao, chua cd ddng co hpc tap rd rang la cae nguydn<br /> nhan ehi quan eo ban chi phd'i hung thu hpc tap cia ban than sinh vidn. Ngoai<br /> tlnh chat khd va trim tupng cia hpc phdn thi phuong phiip giang day cia giang<br /> vidn chua hpp ly eung la mdt trong cdc nguydn nhan khdeh quan chi yd'u ddn<br /> tdi hung thu hpc tap eia sinh vidn chua cao.<br /> Giang vidn ndn su dung cae phuong phap nhu day hpc ndu vdn de, hudng<br /> ddn sinh vidn tii hpe, tu nghidn cttu, thdo luan cac chi dd cd tinh ung dung cao,<br /> thid't thuc vdi sinh vidn se phdt huy su tuong tac gitta giang vidn va sinh vidn,<br /> sinh vidn va sinh vidn. Ngoai ra, sinh vidn edn xac djnh ddng co hpc tap rfl<br /> rang, ehi dpng, tieh cue giai quyd't cae nhidm vu hpc tap, bdi dudng ky nang tu<br /> hpe, tu nghidn cttu thudng xuydn se la nhttng bidn phap cd hidu trong cdng tae<br /> bdi dudng, ning eao hung thtt hpc tap cia sinh vidn.<br /> <br /> <br /> Tai lieu tham khao<br /> 1. Nguydn Thac (chu bidn), Tdm ly hpe suphgm dgi hpe, NXB Giao due Ha Noi, U. 62,<br /> 1992.<br /> 2. Nguydn Quang Udn (chii bidn), Tdm ly hpe dgi cuang, NXB Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha<br /> Noi, tr. 173, 2007.<br /> 3. Mordzova N.G., Hidig thii nhdn thtic, tai lieu danh cho giang vien. NXB Tri Ihttc<br /> Matxcova, Nguydn Thd Hung dich, tr. 9, 1979.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 12 (165), 12 - 2012 65<br />