Networking: A Beginner’s Guide Fifth Edition- P78

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Networking: A Beginner’s Guide Fifth Edition- P78:I have run into many people over the years who have gained good even impressive working knowledge of PCs, operating systems, applications, and common problems and solutions. Many of these people are wizards with desktop computers.

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Chapter 23: Introduction to Virtualization 367 Simplified maintenance When you put a lot of applications on a single server operating system, it becomes difficult to maintain each individual application without affecting the others. For example, if you upgrade an application and need to restart the server, you must restart the whole server, affecting all of the other jobs it may be doing. With a virtual machine setup, you can easily restart individual virtual machines without affecting how the other machines operate, and without interrupting their services. Introducing Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V Microsoft now offers Hyper-V technology within Windows Server 2008 64-bit edition, at no additional charge. Hyper-V is a full-featured hypervisor that runs within the Windows Server 2008 environment, and allows you to create and manage virtual machines within Windows Server 2008. This provides an easy way for a Windows 2008 Server-based organization to easily start using virtualization. Microsoft’s Hyper-V supports a single host operating system, of course: Windows Server 2008 64-bit. It supports the following guest operating systems: Windows Server 2008 (64- and 32-bit) Windows Server 2003 (64- and 32-bit) Windows Server 2000 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (64- and 32-bit) Windows Vista (64- and 32-bit) Windows XP Professional (64- and 32-bit) These are the supported operating systems. Note that variants, such as other distributions of Linux, may—and often do—work perfectly fine. Microsoft is dramatically expanding its virtualization efforts, but as of the publication of this book, they are not as mature as VMware offerings, which are described next. Using VMware Virtualization Products Currently, VMware has the most mature virtualization infrastructure available. VMware has a wide variety of products designed to help companies of any size manage virtual machines. And two powerful virtualization products are offered for free: VMware Server, which is a full virtualization product designed to install onto a wide variety of host operating systems VMware ESXi, which is a small (32MB) hypervisor that is installed directly onto a bare-metal computer, and can efficiently host guest operating systems
368 Networking: A Beginner’s Guide One of the nice features of VMware Server is that it is supported on a wide variety of host operating systems, including many that are designed as client operating systems. This means that you can install VMware Server onto, say, Windows Vista, and then install the full range of guest operating systems within virtual machines. This allows IT professionals to run a wide variety of operating systems, or to test various operating system and application combinations, without even starting with a server operating system. VMware Server and ESXi require that they be installed on a computer that has a processor capable of supporting virtualization. Fortunately, virtually every Intel or AMD processor available these days supports virtualization. VMware Server can also be installed onto either 32-bit or 64-bit processors. However, keep in mind that if you want to install a 64-bit guest operating system in a virtual machine, the host operating system must also be 64 bits. VMware Server supports the following host operating systems: Windows Server 2008 (64- and 32-bit) Windows Server 2003 (64- and 32-bit, including Small Business Server) Windows 2000 Server Various 64- and 32-bit versions of Red Hat, SUSE, Ubuntu, Mandrake, and Mandriva Linux operating systems (the detailed list of supported versions changes, so consult VMware documentation for the version you wish to install) VMware Server supports the following guest operating systems: Windows Server 2008 (64- and 32-bit) Windows Server 2003 (64- and 32-bit, including Small Business Server) Windows 2000 Server Windows Vista (64- and 32-bit) Windows XP Professional (64- and 32-bit) Mandrake, Mandriva, Red Hat, SUSE, openSUSE, Open Enterprise Server, and Ubuntu Linux Sun Solaris Novell NetWare As with the Hyper-V list, these are the supported operating systems. Variants, such as other distributions of Linux, may work. For example, while writing this book, I had
Chapter 23: Introduction to Virtualization 369 no problems installing and extensively using VMware Server on Windows Vista 64-bit as a host operating system. Downloading and Installing VMware Server To download VMware Server, go to http://www.vmware.com/products/server/. You will need to register on VMware’s site during the download process, and you will then be given a serial number to install both VMware for Windows and VMware for Linux. You can download whichever version matches your host operating system. NOTE The example in this chapter uses VMware Server 2.0.1 installed onto Windows Vista 64-bit. Windows Vista is not an officially supported host operating system; however, for experimental/ learning purposes it should work fine. For production purposes, you should use a supported host operating system. The installation of VMware Server 2 is actually very straightforward. You’re prompted for where you wish to install it, and also for the machine name and the IP ports to use for remote access to the VMware management console. For all of these settings, you can accept the default choices provided. Once the installation of VMware Server completes, you will need to restart the system. Accessing the VMware Server Management Console VMware Server’s management console is accessed through Internet Explorer. Once VMware Server is installed, a copy of the Tomcat web server is also installed onto the local machine, and it is Tomcat that serves up the VMware web pages to Internet Explorer. NOTE If you install VMware Server 2 onto Windows Vista as the host operating system, you need to create an administrator-class account named Admin on the machine in order to log in to the VMware Server management console. You do this through the standard Windows Vista Control Panel tools for managing local machine user accounts. You can find the URL for the management console in the system’s Start menu, under /Programs/VMware/VMware Server/VMware Server Home Page. You can also enter the URL into Internet Explorer, and then bookmark it into Internet Explorer as an alternate way of accessing it. Enter the following URL: https://:8333/ui/ The login page for VMware Server will appear, as shown in Figure 23-1.
370 Networking: A Beginner’s Guide Figure 23-1. Logging in to VMware Server Figure 23-2 shows the main management console, which appears after you’ve logged in to VMware Server using an administrative account. Creating a Virtual Machine for Ubuntu Linux In this example, you will see how easy it is to create a virtual machine running Ubuntu Linux as a guest operating system. You will install Ubuntu from a CD image file (an ISO file). You can download the current version of Ubuntu Linux from http://www .ubuntu.com. I recommend downloading the desktop version of Ubuntu Linux, rather than the server version (the server version uses only a text-based console).
Chapter 23: Introduction to Virtualization 371 Figure 23-2. Use the VMware Server management console to manage your virtual environment. Before beginning, you will need to place a copy of the Ubuntu ISO file into the VMware datastore. The datastore is where the virtual machines you create with VMware Server will be stored. The location of the VMware datastore appears on the VMware Server management console, listed in the Datastores pane on the Summary tab. If the location that VMware’s installation chose for the storage of your virtual machine is not to your liking, you can create a new datastore, and then remove the default standard datastore (or simply not use it). Figure 23-3 shows the Add Datastore dialog box.