Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của N, P len khả năng sinh trưởng và tích lũy asen của loài dương xỉ pityrogramma calomelanos

Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niem 35 ndm I'ien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10 2010<br /> <br /> <br /> CONG NGHE, VAT LIEU VA CHE PHAM MOI TRU^ONG<br /> <br /> <br /> NGHIEN ClTU ANH Hl/aNG CUA N, P LEN KHA NANG SINH<br /> TRUONG VA TICH LUY ASEN CUA LOAI DU^ONG XI<br /> PITYROGRAMMA CALOMELANOS<br /> <br /> Biii Thi Kim Anh, Dang Dinh Kim, Le Dire<br /> Vien Cong nghe moi truang<br /> 18 - Hoang Qu6c Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi<br /> Email: buianh78@yahoo.com<br /> Tom tat:<br /> Ngay cdng cd nhieu quan tdm tdi cdc nghien cicu sic dung thuc vdt de xic ly d<br /> nhiem (Phytoremediation) vd cdc lodi thuc vdt sieu tich luy cdc chdt d nhiem.<br /> Hien nay, ngudi ta tap trung vdo nghien cicu Idm the ndo de tdng kha ndng tich<br /> luy nhieu cdc chdt d nhiem han cua thuc vdt bdng cdch bd sung mdt sd chdt tgo<br /> phdn irng. Trong nghien cicu ndy, chiing tdi tien hdnh thi nghiem nghien cicu anh<br /> hudng ciia N. P len khd ndng tich luy As cita lodi duang xi sieu tich luy As -<br /> Pityrogramma calomelanos L. ciing nhu ddnh gid tinh kha thi cua phdt pho vd<br /> nita khi bd sung nhu Id ngudn phdn bdn de tdng tich tu Asen trong cdy. Ket qud<br /> thu duac cho thdy. ham luang As tich liiy a phdn tren mat ddt cita cdy cao han rdt<br /> nhieu so vdi phdn re. Vdi hdm luang P bd sung tic 400-600 ppm vd luang N bd<br /> sung tie 200 - 300 ppm, kha ndng tich luy As cua lodi duang xi ndy tdng cao dgc<br /> biet so vdi cdc cdng thicc khdc, tich luy cao han ddi chieng Id 22.6 - 51,5%. Nhu<br /> vay, nita vd phdt pho cimg Id mdt tdc nhdn tiem ndng lam tdng khd ndng xic ly d<br /> nhiem As trong ddt bdng thuc vdt.<br /> Abstract:<br /> More and more attention has been paid to the research on Phytoremediation<br /> and hyperaccumulators. Nowaday, the scientists concentrate in how to enhance<br /> the abilities of plants to accumulate more contaminants by addition of amending<br /> reagents. In this study, the pot experiments were conducted to understand the<br /> effect of N. P on Arsenic accumulation in Pityrogramma calomelanos L.. Our<br /> study was undertaken to examine the effect of Phosphorus and Nitrogen on<br /> Arsenic accumulation in the As - Hyperaccumulator, as well as to verify the<br /> feasibility of Phosphorus and Nitrogen applied as fertilizer to increase the arsenic<br /> accumulation in Pityrogramma calomelanos. The obtained results showed that.<br /> Arsenic concentration in the frond is higher than that in the root of the fern. With<br /> the P added 400 - 600 ppm and N added 200 - 300 ppm, Arsenic accumulation in<br /> the fern were increased sharply and higher than control 22.6 - 51.5%. So.<br /> Nitrogen and Pho.sphorus is also a potential accelerator for Phytoremediation of<br /> Arsenic contaminated soil.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 49<br />  Tieu ban: Moi truang vd Ndng luang ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7<br /> <br /> <br /> l.MdDAU<br /> Tren the giod. cong nghe sir dung thuc vat trong xir ly 6 nhiem (Phytoremediation) dang dugc<br /> chu y nghien ciiu va dugc biet den nhu la mot giai phap than thien moi truong va chi phi thap. Tren<br /> 450 loai thuc vat co kha nang hap thu cao kim loai da dugc cong bo. Cac hg thuc vat chiem uu the<br /> ve loai dugc xac dinh la "Sieu hap thu" nhu Asteraceae, Brassiaceae, Caryopyaceae, Cyperaceae,<br /> Coonuniaceae, Fabaceae,.. .co the tich liiy nhieu hon 100 lan su tich tu kim loai va phi kim cua cac<br /> cay binh thuong [1, 4, 5, 12, 14]. Trong si nhung kim loai nang (KLN) lam 6 nhilm ddt, Asen (As)<br /> la mot nguyen to pho bien bod n6 6 dang tap qjiat ciia hau bet cac loai quang kim loai Cu, Pb, Zn,<br /> Sn,.. .Trong nghien cim, ling dung thuc vat vao xir ly As trong dat, loai duong xi Pityrogramma<br /> calomelanos da dugc phat hien la loai co kha nang sieu tich liiy Asen [2, 7]. Bo sung cac chdt khac<br /> nhau theo nhieu con duong co the lam tang kha nang xir ly 6 nhiem bdng thuc vat [3]. Trong bai bao<br /> nay, chiing toi de cap tod chat bo sung la P va N dl lam tang kha nang xir ly 6 nhiem As cua loai<br /> duong xi Pityrogramma calomelanos.<br /> <br /> <br /> 2. VAT LIEU VA PHtTOfNG PHAP<br /> 2.1. Doi tuong nghien cihi.<br /> Doj tugng nghien ciiu la loai duong xi Pityrogramma calomelanos L. dugc idy tir khu vuc<br /> 6 nhiem kim loai nang As tai m6 thiic niii Phao, xa Ha Thugng, Dai Tir, Thai Nguyen. Day la<br /> loai than co thuoc hg Aidianthaceae co riguln glc Nam My, phan b l p h i biin a Viet Nam,<br /> Lao, Campuchia va mot so nuorc khac. Ddt sir dung cho nghien ciiu la ddt vuan co ham lugng<br /> As la 24,9ppm, photpho ting s i la 435,7ppm, nito ting so la 640ppm va pH = 7,87.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> LTinh 1: Cdy duang xi<br /> Pityrogramma calomelanos L.<br /> sir dung trong nghien cim<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 2.2. Phuong phap phan tich<br /> - Xac dinh tong N theo phuang phap Kjendhal, xac dinh ting P theo phuang phap<br /> Ascorbic-antimoantartrat. Xac dinh ham lugng Asen trong re, than va ddt bdng phuang phap<br /> US EPA 3051, sir dung bin hgp axit HNO3 65% va HCl 37%. Sau khi pha mlu, ham lugng<br /> As dugc phan tich tren may quang phi hdp thu nguyen tir (Atomic ' Absorption<br /> Spectrophotometer - AAS), hang Shimazu (Nhat Ban), sen: AA -6000 tai Phong Phan tich<br /> dgc chat moi tru6ng, Vien Cong nghe moi tnrang, Vien Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Viet Nam<br /> De phan tich ham lugng As trong cay, cay duong xi dugc chia ra hai phdn: Phdn tren mat ddt<br /> ggi Chung la than (bao gom than va la luge) va phdn duoi mat ddt goi chung la rl (bao'glm<br /> goc va re). Ca re va than truoc khi phan tich dugc sdy kho a 60°C trong 3-5 ngay.<br /> 2.3 Bo tri thi nghiem<br /> <br /> 2.3.1 Nghien ciru dnh hudng ciia P len sinh truang vd tich liiy As cua cdy duang xi<br /> Pityrogramma calomelanos L.<br /> Chiing toi thiet lap 6 cong thuc thi nghiem b l sung vao ddt tring nIng do P khac nhau<br /> duoi dang Na2H2P04 nhu sau: 0; 200; 400; 600; 800; 1000 ppm. Lugng N, K va As dugc b l<br /> <br /> 50<br />  Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky' niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10/2010<br /> <br /> sung vao cac thi nghiem la nhu nhau, N bo sung la 0,6 g/chau duoi dang ure, K la 0,486 g/<br /> chau dang KCl va As la 300 ppm/ chau duoi dang Na2HAs04.7H20.<br /> 2.3.2 Nghien cicu dnh hudng ciia N len su sinh truang vd tich luy As ciia cdy duang xi<br /> Pityrogramma calomelanos L.<br /> 6 cong thiic bo sung vao dat trong nong do N khac nhau duoi dang (NH4)2S04 da dugc<br /> thiet lap nhu sau: 0; 100; 200; 300; 400; 500 ppm. Lugng P, K va As dugc b l sung vao cac<br /> thi nghiem la nhu nhau, P bo sung la 1,51 g/chau duoi dang NaH2P04, K la 0.486 g/ chau<br /> dang KCl va As la 300 ppm/ chau duoi dang Na2HAs04.7H20.<br /> Moi cong thirc a ca hai thi nghiem tren deu dugc lap lai 04 lan. Cay dugc trong trong thi<br /> nghiem la nhung cay gieo tir bao tir dugc 01 thang tuoi, dugc lira chgn voi chieu cao va so la<br /> tuong tu nhau (cay co khoang 4 hoac 5 la; chieu cao khoang 5 cm). Moi chau thi nghiem co 1<br /> kg dat va thi nghiem tien hanh trong 04 thang. Tat ca cac thi nghiem tren deu dugc trong<br /> trong nha kinh voi anh sang tu nhien.<br /> <br /> <br /> 3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN<br /> 3.1. Nghien ciru anh huong cua P len sinh truong va tich luy As cua cay duong xi<br /> Pityrogramma calomelanos.<br /> Ca As va P deu thuoc nhom V trong bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hgc. Do cac dac<br /> tinh boa hgc tuong dong nhau ma chiing co cac con duong boat dong trong he thong dat va<br /> cay nhu nhau. Tuy nhien, anh huong ciia P len su tich luy As trong cay van c6n nhieu dieu<br /> chua dugc biet ro. Sau 4 thang thi nghiem, ket qua hap thu As va trgng lugng kho ciia cay<br /> Pityrogramma calomelanos 6 cac cong thirc thi nghiem khac nhau dugc trinh bay lan lugt<br /> trong hinh 2 va hinh 3.<br /> <br /> <br /> 1.2 1<br /> 1 -<br /> 3 0.8 -<br /> -than "5 0.6 -<br /> -rl o 0.4 -<br /> 0.2 -<br /> 0-<br /> 0 200 400 600 800<br /> 0 200 400 600 800<br /> Ham l^ng P bo sung (ppm)<br /> Ham lu-gng P bo sung (ppm)<br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 2: Hdm luang As tich luy trong re vd Hinh 3: Trong luang khd ciia cdy a cdc cdng<br /> thdn ciia Pityrogramma calomelanos thicc thi nghiem khdc nhau<br /> <br /> Kit qua trinh bay o hinh 2 cho thay, tai cac cong thiic bo sung 200, 400 va 600 ppm P thi<br /> lugng tich IQy As trong than lan lugt la 2638; 2696,8 va 2905,4 ppm, tang so vai doi chimg la<br /> 247,4; 306,2 va 514,8 ppm, tuong img. Ciing t^i cac cong thiic bo sung 200, 400 va 600 ppm,<br /> ham lugng As tich luy trong re tang so voi doi chiing la 233,2; 316,8 va 951,8 ppm, tuong<br /> ling. Tai cong thiic bo sung 600ppm P, ham lugng As tich luy tang manh nhat ca a re va than.<br /> Ting lugng tich luy As tai cong thuc nay tang hon so vai doi chimg la 1466,6 ppm. Ting<br /> lugng tich luy As khong tiep tuc tang a cong thirc bo sung 800ppm P, lugng tich luy trong<br /> than giam 208,6 ppm va trong re chi tang a miic thap la 99,2ppm so vai doi chirng. Kit qua<br /> <br /> <br /> 51<br /> Tieu ban: Moi truang vd Ndng luang ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7<br /> <br /> <br /> nay cho thdy kha nang tich my As ciia cay chju tac dong khi bo sung P. cu the khi bo sung ><br /> 600ppm P thi lam giam su tich liiy As va lugng P bl sung tir 400 ppm den 600 ppm thi kich<br /> thich kha nang tich luy As ciia cay. Dac biet, hieu qua tich liiy As cua cay cao nhat tai cong<br /> thiic bl sung 600ppm P. Day la lugng P phii hgp nhdt dl kich thich cay tich luy As.<br /> Sau khi kit thiic thi nghiem, sinh khIi kho ciia cac cong thirc khac nhau dugc can va tinh<br /> trung binh. Chung toi coi trgng lugng ban ddu ciia cac cay dugc lira chgn la gan bang nhau vi<br /> cac cay tren dIu dugc trIng tir bao tir a 1 thang tuoi, dugc lira chgn truoc khi dat thi nghiem<br /> la CO chilu cao va si la nhu nhau. Kit qua thu dugc chi ra tren hinh 3 cho thay, bo sung P co<br /> tac dong tich cue len kha nang sinh truong ciia cay. Tong lugng tich IGy As khi bo sung<br /> 400ppm P la c6 tang so vai cac cong thirc khac nhung khong cao bang a ham luong P bo sung<br /> 600 ppm. Tuy nhien, lugng sinh khIi tai cong thiic bo sung 40()ppm P lai dat cao nhat, sinh<br /> khIi kho ciia cay la 1,12 g cao gdp 1,57 ldn so voi cong thiic bo sung 600ppm P. Do d6, bo<br /> sung P trong khoang 400- 600ppm thi Pityrogramma calomelanos cho kha nang tich luy As<br /> tit nhdt. Me-harg va cs. [3,10,11] da nhan xet rdng Arsennate va Photphate dugc hap thu<br /> giong nhau trong ciing he thong va As dugc loai b6 kh6i moi tru6ng dat thong qua he thong<br /> hiit thu ciia Photpho. Mot so nghien cim khac cho la P c6 the lam tang kha nang hoa tan ciia<br /> As trong dat thong qua viec hap phu canh tranh be mat hap phu ciia dat. Nhof vay, nghien cim<br /> ciia chiing toi cang khang dinh rang, a mot ham lugng P bo sung hgp ly (400 - 600 ppm) thi P<br /> da lam tang tinh linh dong ciia As trong dat hoac 6 ham lugng hgp ly thi As da dugc cay tich<br /> luy thong qua he thong hut thu ciia P, nho vay ma loai duong xi nghien ciru da tang sinh khoi<br /> ciing nhu tang kha nang tich luy As. 0 ham lugng P bo sung Ion (> 600 ppm), thi lugng As<br /> dugc tich luy trong cay bi kim ham boi sir hap thu P.<br /> 3.2 Anh huong ciia N len kha nang sinh truong va tich luy As cua Pityrogramma calomelanos<br /> Sau 04 thang thi nghiem, chiing toi da thu dugc ket qua ve tang truong ciing nhu hap thu<br /> As ciia Pityrogramma calomelanos o cac c6ng thirc bo sung N khac nhau (hinh 4 va hinh 5).<br /> <br /> S 0.9-,<br /> 3500 •5 0.8 -<br /> ra-<br /> 3000 E 0.7 -<br /> 2500 ^ 0.6 -<br /> 2000 •Than •^ 0.5 -<br /> ra<br /> < 1500 m 0.4 -<br /> c 1000<br /> b- •g 0.3 -<br /> 500 •o 0.2 -<br /> 0 ^ 0.1 -<br /> 0 100 200 300 400 500 E 0- 0 100 200 300 400 500<br /> Ham lu-gng N bo sung (ppm) Ham lu'gng N bo sung (ppm)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 4: Hdm luang As tich luy trong re vd thdn Hinh 5: Trong luang khd ciia cdy a cdc<br /> ciia Pityrogramma calomelanos sau thi nghiem cdng thirc thi nghiem khdc nhau<br /> <br /> Ket qua thu dugc cho thay lugng As tich luy trong than a cac cong thirc bl sung 100, 200<br /> va 300 ppm N lan lugt la 2302,4; 2674 va 3304 ppm, tang hon so vai dli chimg la 121; 492,6<br /> va 1122,6 ppm, tuong ling. Ket qua thu dugc tuong tu so vai lugng As tich luy trong re.<br /> Lugng tich luy As cao nhat van la a cong thirc bl sung 300ppm N. Lugng tich luy As trong<br /> than bat dau giam manh a cong thirc bo sung la 400ppm va 500 ppm N (giam tai 252,13 ppm<br /> va 467ppm As so vai doi chimg). Tai hai cong thiic nay ham lugng As trong than giam nhung<br /> <br /> <br /> 52<br />  Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky' niem 35 ndm I'ien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Not 10/2010<br /> <br /> <br /> trong re van tang. Tuy nhien, ham lugng As trong re tang it hon ham lugng giam trong than<br /> va vi vay tong lugng As tich luy tai 02 cong thirc bo sung 400 va 500 ppm N tren van giam so<br /> voi doi chimg. Dieu nay chiing to bo sung lugng N >300 ppm khong kich thich cay tang kha<br /> nang tich luy As ma c6n c6 tac dung ngugc lai lam giam lugng As tich liiy trong than. Khi bo<br /> sung 100 - 300ppm N thi cay co kha nang tich liiy As hieu qua nhdt.<br /> Sinh khoi sau khi ket thuc thi nghiem dugc can va tinh trung binli. Kit qua trinli ba\- tren<br /> hinh 5 cho thay, sinh khoi ciia cay sau khi bo sung < 300ppm N c6 tang. Dac biet la klii bo sung<br /> 300ppm N, Pityrogramma calomelanos sinh truong tot nhat, cho sinh khIi kho gdp gdn 1.6 ldn<br /> cay doi chimg khong bo sung N, tang vugt trgi so voi cong thirc bo sung 100 va 200ppiii N. 0 cac<br /> thi nghiem bo sung 400 va 500ppm N sinh khoi kho ciia cay ldn lugt la 0,35 va 0.29 g trong klii<br /> sinh khoi kho ciia doi chimg la 0,53g. Dieu nay chimg to bo sung N > 300ppm khong c6 tac dung<br /> kich thich su sinh truong ciia cay ma c6n ban che cay phat trien. Ket qua danh gia tac dong ciia N<br /> doi vod Pityrogramma calomelanos cho thay, khi bo sung 300ppm N, cay sinh tm'ong tot va klia<br /> nang tich luy As cao hon ban doi chimg khong bo sung N. Nhu vay, ham lugng N bo siuig vao<br /> dat CO vai tr6 rat quan trgng anh buong den cac qua trinh sinh ly va hoa hgc xay ra trong do tac<br /> dong len trang thai As 6 dang boa tan va a dang ran.<br /> <br /> <br /> 4. KET LUAN<br /> Tir ket qua thi nghiem nghien cim anh huong ciia mot so yeu to dinh duong len klia nang sinli<br /> truong va tich luy As ciia duong xi Pityrogramma calomelanos. chiing toi nit ra ket luan sau:<br /> Ham lugng As tich luy a phan tren mat dat cua Pityrogramma calomelanos luon cao<br /> ban nhieu so voi phan re. Day la mot uu diem rat Ion ciia loai duong xi nay khi irng<br /> dung vao xir ly 6 nhiem moi truong dat.<br /> Kha nang sinh truong va tich luy As ciia Pityrogramma calomelanos chiu anh huong<br /> tich cue ciia ham lugng P va N: khi bo sung lugng P a nong do tir 400 - 600ppm P va<br /> lugng N bo sung a nong do tir 200 - 300ppm thi sinh truong va tich liiy As ciia cay<br /> duong xi Pityrogramma calomelanos la cao nhat.<br /> <br /> <br /> LOi CAM OTV<br /> Tac gia xin cam on Bg KHCN da cap kinh phi de thuc hien nghien cim nay.<br /> <br /> <br /> TAI LIEU THAM KHAO<br /> 1. Asher C. J., Reay P. F., "Arsenic uptake by barley seedlings", Aust J. of Plant Physiol 6<br /> (1979): 459.<br /> 2. Bill Thi Kim Anh, Dang Dinh Kim, Tran Van Tua va nnk, "Khd ndng chdng chiu vd<br /> tich luy As cua hai lodi duang xi thu tic viing khai thdc md ", Tap chi Khoa hgc va<br /> Cong nghe 46, 6A (2008) 248-258.<br /> 3. Chen Tongbin, Fan Zhilian, Lei Mei, Guang Zechun & Wei Chaoyang, "Effect of<br /> phosphorus on arsenic accumulation in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. and its<br /> implication", Chinese Science Bulletin 47 (2002) 1876-1879.<br /> 4. Cong Tu and Lena Q. Ma, "Effects of Arsenic Concentrations and Forms on Arsenic<br /> Uptake by the Hyperaccumulator Ladder Brake", Journal of Environmental Quality<br /> 31 (2001)641-647.<br /> <br /> 53<br /> Tieu ban: Moi truang vd Ndng luang ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7<br /> <br /> <br /> 5. Chen Tong Bin, Liao Xiao-Yong, Huang Ze-Chun, Lei Mei, Li Wen-xue. et al,<br /> "Phytoremediation of Arsenic- Contaminated Soil in China". Methods in<br /> Biotechnology, vol23: Phytoremediation: Methods and Reviews (2006): 391-395.<br /> 6. Chen Tong-Bin, Chao-Yang Wei, "Arsenic accumulation by two brake fern growing on<br /> an Arsenic mine and their potential in phytoremediation". Cbemosphere 63 (2006) 1048-<br /> 1053.<br /> 7. Dang Dinh Kim, Bui Thi Kim Anh, Tran Van Tua et al., "Hea\y metal pollution in soils of<br /> four mining areas in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam and potential for phytoremediation".<br /> Seminar on Environmental Science and Technology Issues Related to the Urban and<br /> Coastal Zone Development. Osaka, Japan, 26th to 28th of November (2008) 376 - 383<br /> 8. Liao XY, Chen TB et al, "Selecting appropriate forms of nitrogen fertilizer to<br /> enhance soil arsenic removal by Pteris vittata: a neM> approach in Phytoremediation ".<br /> Int J. Phytoremediation 9(4): 269 - 280.<br /> 9. Lin H.C., "Problems of soil arsenic: a study based on soil chemical and plant-nutritional<br /> aspects, Memoirs of the College of Agriculture", National Taiwan University 11, 2<br /> (1977):1.<br /> 10. Ma LQ, Komar KM, Tu C, Zhang WH, Cai Y, Kennelley ED, "A fern that<br /> hyperaccumulates arsenic - a hardy, versatile, fast-growing plant helps to remove<br /> arsenic from contaminated soils". Nature 409 (2001): 579-579.<br /> ll.Meharg A.A., Macnair M.R., "An altered phosphate uptake system in arsenate-<br /> tolerant Holcus lanatus L ". New Phytol., 116, 1(1990): 29.<br /> 12. Salt D.E. et al., "Phytoremediation: Anovel strategy for removal of toxic metals from<br /> environmental using plants". Biotechnology, Vol. 13 (1995): 468-473.<br /> 13. Sharpies J.M., Meharg A.A.. Chambers S.M., et al., "Arsenate sensitivity in cricoid<br /> and ectomycorrhizal fungi". Environ. Toxic. Chem., 1 8 - 8 (1999): 1848.<br /> 14. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pbvtoremediation<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 54<br />