So 1 (243)-2Q16<br />
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N G 6 N NGg&P6fIs6NG<br />
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67<br />
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INGON NGtT VA VAN HQA|<br />
<br />
NGON Ttr TRONG TRUYEN TRANH VA ANH HU'dNG<br />
CUA NO TOn NGON NGU* CUA TRE EM HIEN NAY<br />
<br />
SPEECH OF COMIC STRIP AND ITS EFFECT<br />
ON THE MODERN YOUTH'S LANGUAGE<br />
NGO THANH MAI<br />
(ThS; Dgi hgc Ngo^i ngft, DHQG Hd Nfi)<br />
Abstract: Comic strip now has become a popular entertainment of children from the<br />
countiyside to the city, not only in Vietnam but in other countries in the world also, poses a huge<br />
effect on psychopbysicai development of them. This article, with analysis of speech of comic<br />
strip, brings forward its effect on Vietnamese youth's language nowadays.<br />
K ^ words: speech of comic strip; effect; children.<br />
1. Dgt van de<br />
nfta trye tiep la kit bgp bai dang tren trong Icri kl<br />
Tniyfn tranh bien nay da trd thanh mft bmh cfta tdc gid mang ylu ^ xiic cdm, bdc If thi gjdi<br />
thftc gj^ tri pbl biln cua tte em tft thanh thi den tam bon ciia nbdn v$t<br />
ndngtiidn.Tmyfn tranh kbSng chi danh rieng<br />
Mft van de d^t ra Id, ngdn tft trong truyfn<br />
cho tre em md mgi Ifta tuoi vd mpi gidi deu cd ttietranh c6 ddc dilm gi dl/md c6 sftc cuIn hiit tre<br />
trd thdnh dgc gid ciia loai truyf n nay. Doi vdi tre em den vdy?<br />
em, nhat Id tre em do tuoi mlu giao vd tiiu bgc,<br />
Trude het, ngdn ngft doi thogi (ldi nbdn v§t)<br />
cdc em mdi budc ddu tiep xue vdi cufc song xa trong tmyfn tranh chiim uu tbi ti^et dii trong<br />
hfi, sy say me khdm phd thi gidi xung quanh ciia loai tmyfn ndy. Ngdn ngft doi thoai giiip truyfn<br />
cac em Id rat Idn. Vittie,ben canh nhftng phuong tranh di sdu phdn kiih nfi tam nhan vdt, de nhdn<br />
tifn gido dye khdc tbi truyenfranhcung dugc sft vgt ty bfc If minh. Cac bg tmyfn tranh deu co<br />
dyng dk Idm budc dem cho cac em khdm phd thi gSngttiychifn dilu ndy vi "trong chftc ndng till<br />
^M ,.A ^ i _ .„'.„ ..A.: _ , a : .—;^<br />
u t —<br />
gjdi vd tilp xftc vdi mdi tnrdng xung quanh.<br />
Lya jjj^jj jj^j ^^^ | ^ ^ j y ^ ^ g p jjjg j j j ^ q ^ ^ g ^ jj^gy ] ^<br />
chgn nhihig truyfn tranh co ngdn tft trong sang, ndi ciia mft qud trinh nfi tdm" 13], gjiip trd em cd<br />
hinb anh phii bgp vdi tftng giai dogn phat trien the hlnh dung dugc nhftng suy nghi ben trong ciia<br />
ciia tre Id vifc ldm can thiet doi vdi cdc b|c phu tftng nhan vgt 1ft tr£ din gid, tft ngudi tit den kt<br />
huynh vd ngirdi ldm c6ng tac giao due.<br />
xdu,.. .Chiing ta cd the nh$n ra dilu nay trong bau<br />
2. Ngdn tu- va dac dilm ngdn tft frong bet cdc tmyfn tranh ddnh cho thilu nhi (nhu<br />
Doremon. Thdn ddng ddt Vipt, v.v). Till hifn nfi<br />
tmyfn<br />
Ngdn tft (ldi van nghf thugt) la Idi van dang tam nhdn v^ trong tmyfn tranh viia phdi kit hgp<br />
phdt ngdn dugc tl chftc mang ti'nh nghf thudt gifta Idi ndi vd binh dnh, vfta phdi the hifn dugc<br />
trong tkc phdm, ddng thdi la phuong tifn khdc phan suy nglu ben trong ciia itiian vgt dl tA bilu<br />
hpa hinb tugng cung nhu tu tudng cua tac gid, cd dugc nMn vgt do dang nghi ^. D I dat dugc y6u<br />
t&ib hinh tugng va chinh xac. NIU x6t tr6n gdc df cdu dd qud Id vifc ldm khdng de doi vdi cdc tdc<br />
ldi vdn nghf thugt thi chiing bao gom ldi tdc gid, gid.<br />
Idi nhan v§t, ldi nfta trye tilp. Trong dd, ldi tdc<br />
Thu hai, vk ngdn ngft trdntiiugt(idi tdc gid)<br />
gjd dugc phdt ngon tft cbi'nh tdc gia sft dung trong chft ylu dugc thi hifn qua vifc ddn chuyfn. Logi<br />
tdc [didm,tiiudngbfc If qua ldi kl, bay mieu td n^n tft d^ bift ndy chi cd trong tmyfn tranh vd<br />
mang tinh trft ttnh, ngogi dl, triet li,.. .d£mg de dugc phdn dnh mft cdch day dft, cM tilt cdc sy<br />
miSu td till gici hinh tugng nhdn vat, ngosu ednh, vgt, hifn tugng; cdc nhan vgt v(n hinh ddng, hdnh<br />
nfi tdm. Ldi nhan vat Id dang phat ng5n tft chfnh vi,...ciing trinh ty diln biln cot tmyfn. LM tdc gid<br />
nhfhig nhdn vat dugc mieu td trong tdc phdm, flie till hifn bdng ngdntirttidngtiiutaigchi sft dyng<br />
hifn dudi dgng tdmttnh,doittiogi,ding cdm. Ldi trong mft s6 trudng bgp nhu gjdi thifu boi ednh<br />
<br />
NGON NGtJ* & Btfl<br />
hogc chuyin ednh. Day Id diem khdc bift vd uu<br />
vift bon so vdi tmyfn chft. Tuy nhien, nhieu y<br />
Iden cho rdng viec khdc hga cdc nbdn vdt, bdnh<br />
dfng bdng hinh dnh se lam g i ^ di tri tudng<br />
tupng cua tre. Tuy nhiSn, tbeo chftng ^ i , vdi tr6<br />
em, vifc sft dung binh dnh gdp phan tao y nifm<br />
vl ngudi ^t, ngudi xdu ciing nhftng Wnh dnh di<br />
k ^ , them vdo dd la sy budng dan cfta cha m? sS<br />
gilip cdc em cd CO sd dl nhin nhgn, ddnh gid cufc<br />
sing xung quanh d cdc giai dogn tilp theo.<br />
Thu ba, trong tmyfn tranh, ldi nfta trye tilp<br />
khdng xudt hifn, bdi vi hdu bet, tmyfn dugc to<br />
chftc dudi dgng boat dgng doi thoai ciia cdc nhan<br />
vgt trong cac tinh hulng cy tbe.<br />
Trong cdc logi binh van bgc ndi chung, dk thi<br />
hifn myc di'cb, tu tudng ciia tac phdm, tdc ^ d can<br />
sft dung ngdn ngft ttidng qua cdc quy tdc ngft<br />
piap, tft vyng de phft hgp vdi phong cdch thi loai<br />
ma tac gia tbi hifn. Nhung trong tmyfn tranh lai<br />
cd mft sl dilm khac bift, tao n6n sftc hiit v(5i tre<br />
em. Cy the nhu sau:<br />
Trong tmyfn tranh, cdu dan dugc sft dyng phi<br />
bien. Vifc sft dyng cau don xudt phdt tft gjdi hgn<br />
ve khung franh trong moi tdc phdm. MSi trang<br />
tmyfn trung binh tft 5-9 binh (Doremon), tmyfn<br />
Thdn ddng ddt Vipt tft 3-5 Wnh, tmyfn Bey vien<br />
ngpc rdng 7-9 hinh) va dl tranh rli mdt cbo dfc<br />
gid thi yeu cdu sft dung cang it chft cdng tot Ngdn<br />
ngft nghf thudt trong tmyfn tranh ludn nghieng<br />
ve tinh doi ttiogi khau ngft nen vifc sft dyng cau<br />
don dl chuyin tdi nfi dung Id mft phuong dn tii<br />
uu. B6n canh dd, sy tin tgi ciia ylu to hinb vS da<br />
gilip t ^ gid Ididng phdi dCuig nhieu loi. D I hudng<br />
tmyfn tranh toi doi tugng Id tre em thi vifc sft<br />
dung nhftng cau phftc t ^ nhieu tang bdc s5 bj bgn<br />
chl vi chiing chua sdn sang ndm bdt vd bilu c§n<br />
ke nhung cdu thoai d^ va phftc tgp.<br />
Trong tmyfn tranh, tdc gid rdt ban chl sft dyng<br />
cdc bifn p h ^ tu tft. Tmyfn tranh thudng nghifing<br />
ve vifc till hifn hanh dfng nhan vgt, chii trpng<br />
ngdn ngft doi thoai gdn vdi mdi trudng xd hfi nen<br />
vifc sft dyng nhilu hifn p b ^ tu tft s6 rdi xa ddc<br />
diem tbi loai. 6 tmyfn tranh, cdc p h ^ tu tft nhu<br />
dn dy, nbdn hda, hodn dy, ndi qua,- hau nbu deu<br />
do cdc hlnh ve ddm nhifm. Dilu dd cung gdp<br />
phdn tgo n^n sftc b^) dan vd de bilu ciia tmyfn<br />
tranh.<br />
<br />
S6NG<br />
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S l 1 (243)-2016<br />
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Nghia cua tft vyng trong truyfn tranh tiiudng<br />
Id nghia tudn^ minh (phdn thong bdo dugc dien<br />
dgt trye ti^ bdng tir ngft trong cdu) vi i^i tugng<br />
dpc tmyfn tranh thudng la Ire em, ngi dung cSu<br />
tmyfn, nhdn vdt Irong tmyfn tranh cung ddnh cho<br />
trfe em n%n ngdn tft cdng trong sdng, dl bilu cang<br />
tot<br />
Tft tugng tiianh vd tft cam tti^ xudt hifn vin<br />
mgt df day dJic. Do tmyfn tranh thudng cd de tai<br />
thi€n vl chuyin dfng nen nhan vgt trong Imy^<br />
tranh ciing Id nhan vgt thien vl hdnh dfng nhir<br />
cdc Bd-ri-mon, Bay vien ngge rdng Thdm ftr<br />
litngdanh Conan, Thdn ddng ddt Vipt,... Chinh<br />
vi tbi nhung tft tugng tiianh vd tft cam than dugc<br />
sft dyng nhdm tgo nen nhftng xiic cdm mgnh mS,<br />
ldi cuon ngucri dgc.<br />
Truyfn tranh da phdn diing ddu cham h6i,<br />
chdm ttian vd ba cham; cdc logi ddu cdu kiiac ft<br />
dugc sft dyng. Tmyfn tranh cd tinh doi thogi Wa.<br />
tyc vd ludn xoay quanh cdc tinh hulng kich tmh<br />
vdi nhip df ^ ^ , Chfnh vi thi, cdc ddu cSu<br />
nbu ddu clidm, ddu phdy, ddu hai chdm, ddu chSm<br />
phdy it dugc sft dyng. Dau ba cham lgi dupe su*<br />
dyng pho biln dl noi Icri vin Icri trong cdc 'Vdng<br />
cd Icri thogi" tgo nen cdc phdt ngdn lien mgch; dau<br />
chdm bdi, ddu chdm than dugc sft dyng dl tgo nen<br />
dn tugng vl cdm xftc ciia tiing nbdn vdt<br />
Tmyfn tranh ciing sft dyng nhieu cau ttnh<br />
lupc, cdu &^ bift vi trong the logi tmyfn nay, tfah<br />
khau ngft vd yeu cdu tilt kifm tft ngft dl chuyen<br />
t^ nfi dung nhilu nhdt trong khudn kbi so trang<br />
it nhdt Hon n\ta vifc sft dyng cdu ddc bift la de<br />
nbdn manh cdm xftc ciia nbSn vgt, dua ngudi dpc<br />
vdo thi gidi nfi tdm.<br />
Vdi nhftng ddc dilm nii bgt tren,fruyfn tranh<br />
da d ^ ling dupe myc dfch la nhdn mgnh to chde<br />
cot ftuyf n, kit cdu, xdy dyng Wnh tugng cy tiie<br />
md khflng thien vl vifc sft dyng ngon ngft vSn<br />
chucmg Tuy nhien, vifc sft dyng ngdn tft trong<br />
tmyfn tranh vin phdi chft y din ldi vdn, phong<br />
cdch sdng tdc, dgc dilm the logi vd nhat Id phu<br />
bgp vdi df tuli va khd ndng tri nhdn cfta trd.<br />
3. Anb hudng cua ngon tft trong tn^^n<br />
tranh tdi ngdn ngft trd em hifn nay<br />
Gan ddy, nhilu cdng trinh ngbi&i cftu dd chi<br />
ra dugc nhftng hifu qud tfch cyc ciia vifc sft dyng<br />
tmyfn tranh trong qua trinh day kt ndng dgc, viet<br />
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s l 1 (243)-2016<br />
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NG6N NGfA B6I<br />
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S6NG<br />
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vd nhan biet thi gjdi xung quanh cbo tre em tft 56 tuoi. Tuy nhiSn, vifc gjdo dye ndy cdn cd sy<br />
hudng din ciia thdy cd gjdo vd phy huynh, nhdt Id<br />
vifc lya chgn tmyfn tranh nhu thi ndo d l phd<br />
hgp vdi tiing giai dogn trudng thdnh ciiatr^.<br />
Vdi tre em tft 7-12 tuli, ddy Id gi^ dogn md<br />
cdc em biet dgc, bilt viet vd cung Id giai doan md<br />
d ^ cho qud trinh cd ttil hda, nhdn cdch hda cdng<br />
vdi qud trinh hfi nhBp xa hfi, hlnh tbanh nhdn<br />
cdch xd hfi dl tgo nen cdi tdi cd nhdn dii Id khdng<br />
Idn. Qud trinh ndy cfing dl xdy ra nhieu cdc dgng<br />
tiiftc ^ u n g hodng rdt can sy hudng din hdnh vi<br />
cuafr£tft phfa thdy cd vd gja dinh, nhdt Id vifc<br />
lya chgn cdc logi hlnh giM tri trong dd cd tmyfn<br />
tranh.<br />
Hifn nay, tren cdc trang mgng, cdc phuong<br />
tifn tiidng tin d^ chftng de cfp den sy dnh hudng<br />
eda ngdn tft trong tmyfn tranh tdi tu duy ngdn<br />
ngft cfta tre, din din nhftng cdu ndi thilu chudn<br />
myc, nhftng cdu vdn ma theo cdc nhd chuyen mdn<br />
Id "cdu van qu6, cyl^' vd nhftng cdu vdn nbu vfy<br />
cd dnh hudng tdi cdch hdnh vdn vd dac bift Id<br />
^ao tilp ngdn ngft bang ngdy cua tr£.<br />
Xudt phdt tft nhftng dgc dilm ciia ngdn tft<br />
trong tmyfn tranh vd dgc cdc logi tmyfn t r ^ ndi<br />
chung, tmyfn tranh ddnh cho trd em ndi riSng<br />
khong dugc kilm soat nhu hifn nay dd khiln<br />
ngon tft cua tid cung bj dnh hudng. Nhung tmj'fn<br />
TMm tar lung danh Conan, Bay viin ngge rdng<br />
Thify thu mi^ trdng,... dd xudt hifn hang logt cdc<br />
tft tugng tiianh gdy cdm gjdc mgnh vd ddy tinh<br />
bgo lyc nbu rogt, ro^t. bum. rdm, vdt, pgch, hv....<br />
xuat hifn vdi mftc df dgm d$c trong cdc trang<br />
tniyfn tranh. Khi chiing tdi phdng vdn nhdm hpc<br />
sinh ldp 5 Irudng tiiu hgc Trdn Nhgt Dugt, qufn<br />
Hodn Kilm, Hd Nfi tiii 7/10 em trd ldi Id tiifch<br />
dpc tmyfn tranh Thdm td limg danh Conan, s l<br />
cdn lgi, cdc em cd dpc tii6m tmyfn Doremon.<br />
Thdn ddng ddt Vipt. Chl trong mft tgp ciia Thdm<br />
tu litng danh Conan vdi khodng 46 trang dd cd<br />
hon 1000 tft don, ngbia bilu ttii khdng day dft vd<br />
mang thih bgo lyc,... N ^ y cd tSn nbdn vgt tiong<br />
tmyfn cung till hifn tinh bgo lyc, nbu trong<br />
tniyfn tranh Rd bdt trdi cdy cd cdc nbdn v^t Ddo<br />
tfifch khdeh, Thom gjdc ddu, Nho tia ehdp, Tdo<br />
ttiifn xg vd Pino do tiidm, Ddu tay ttig sdn, Qu^<br />
kiem sT. CCrng vdi Ngu qud su phy ^ m Chuoi<br />
<br />
69<br />
<br />
l^akp su, Dua hdu cbfty vuong, N ^ g cyt dao<br />
vuong, Mfn Nmja vd E)fta song kilm. Nghe qua<br />
chiing ta dd thdy dugc nhftng rd bit day "bilu<br />
chiln". Dilu ndy krh budng din cd vifc cdc em<br />
sft dyng do chcri di k ^ nhu sdng, Idlm, cbfty,<br />
dao,... rat khdng hgp vdi Ifta tuli, libdt Id khi cdc<br />
em chua y thftc dugc sy nguy hilm ciia cdc do<br />
choi ndy.<br />
Mft trudng bgp khdc Id THtypn chdng hodng<br />
tuvd cd cdng chiia, cd xudt hifn bd vd cfta cd<br />
cdng chiia. Trong tmyfn, bd vii dugc vS n€n vdi<br />
d i ^ mgo gjd nua nhung ngdn tft ciia bd lgi rat<br />
"teen", Khi hodng tft vd cd gdi g ^ nhau, qud vui<br />
sudng vl bai ngudi da yeu nhau, tdc gia dd dl bd<br />
vii dd phdt ngdn nhu sau: "Anh c h ^ g muln dugc<br />
bd b ^ nhan tgo day md"; hay "Hie, ddi trd tii§it<br />
dang thuongi". Cdn cflng chiia Idu ^ p chdng<br />
cung: "Hie, ta nhd chdng qud",...<br />
Ngfln tft trong tmyfn tranh cdn dnh budng tdi<br />
loi h ^ vdn cfta cdc em, nhdt Id trong cdc bdi vdn<br />
do cdc em vilt tbeo d l tdi d trong tnrdng hpc<br />
cung mang day "phong cdch tmyfn tranh", nbu<br />
trong mft bM vdn eda hgc sinh ldp 6 cd viet<br />
nhftng cdu vdn cyt lun sau ddy: "Trong cufc ddi<br />
ndy ai cung mft 1 ^ mdc lli. Chdng sao cd. ^xn<br />
cung thi". Ho$c: "Nhin cdc bgn dupe di hpc. Tdi<br />
phdi d nhd vi bj m? ki luft Tdi khdng muln".<br />
Hay: "Ngdy xua cd mft dng vua sai i£timnhdn<br />
tdi. Ong vua bdo. Tim dugc ngudi tai de dki\<br />
gi§c. Thdnh Gidng nghe loa mdi bdo m^ ra ggi<br />
ngudi cua nhd vua vao. Ngudi ciia nha vua nhin<br />
ti^y dfta b^ ttii bdo. Mdy ttii 1 ^ dugc gi. Tb^nh<br />
Gidng ndi. Mang com vd cd ra. An xong sS thdnh<br />
nguW Idn,..." Trong mft bdi vdn ke Igi cdu<br />
chuyfn Son Tinh Thfty Tinh, cd hpc sinh dd vilt<br />
nhu sau: "Den TTidng Long thdy cd boa rye rd.<br />
Bilt Id Son Tinh dd eudi. My Nuong,...". Khi vilt<br />
ve cau chuyfn "Sy tich b ^ chung bdnh ddy",<br />
mft bgc sutii khdc Igi vilt: "Trong trdi dat khdng<br />
quy bdng bgt ggo",... Dd Id mft cdu qud kifm Xin<br />
vk khflng rd ^. Mft dogn vdn frong bdi vSn khdc,<br />
cd em Igi vilt: "Ndm 1077 vua nhd Tong sai<br />
Qudcb Qu^ dem d^ binh sang xdm lupc. Trong<br />
cufc chiln dau dft dfi vd dc lift BSng mft d&n<br />
n ^ tiidy trong ^n thd Chucmg (Truong) Hing<br />
Chuong (Truong) Hdt hai vi tudng danh gidc gjdi<br />
eua Trifu Quang Phyc,...". Cd em khdc Igi viet<br />
<br />
NG6NNGtj'&D6l<br />
<br />
"Mft hdm bd Iao ra dong. Thdy mft budc ehdn<br />
to tudng. U"dm thft. The la mang thai" [4],...<br />
R5 rdng nhftng bdi vdn kilu nhu vgy xudt hifn<br />
khdng it frong cdc bdi vdn cfta cdc em, nhdt Id<br />
hpc sinh tiiu bgc vd tmng hpe eo sd.<br />
Tbeo chung tdi, qud trinh hinb thdnh nbdn<br />
cdch d giai doan hpe sinh tieu bgc vd trung hgc<br />
chiu dnh hudng rdt Idn tft nhftng bdnh vi ftng<br />
xft tft mdi trudng xung quanh vd tft nhftng tri<br />
thftc md cdc em tilp nhgn dugc qua sach vd,<br />
frong dd cfl cd nhftng phuong tifn gidi ttf khdc<br />
nhu sdch, bdo, tmyfn, ti vi, internet,... Dieu<br />
quan trgng Id phdi dinh hudng dugc cho cdc<br />
em lya chpn dugc nhihig logi binh gidi frf<br />
thfeh bgp vdi tftng df tuli. N I U vifc sft dyng<br />
cdc ngdn tft "khdng chudn" vdi df tuoi, mang<br />
nhieu tinh bgo lyc sS Idm cho bdi vdn cua cde<br />
em thilu di nhftng edu trong sdng, dong thdi<br />
khdng phdt huy dugc vin tft gidu va d?p ciia<br />
tiing Vift. Hon tbi, nlu vifc ndy khdng dugc<br />
kiem sodt sS cd dnh hudng tdi qua trinh binh<br />
tbanh nbdn cdch cfta cdc em.<br />
Ngdn tft trong tmyfn tranh hifn nay dang<br />
dnh hudng rdt nhilu tdi vifc sft dyng ngdn ngft<br />
eua edc em. D l khoi ggi sy td md eiia fr6,<br />
tmyfn ttanh phdi budng tdi nhftng ngdn tft<br />
ngdn, manh, ghe rgn, bop chdt d l thda mdn<br />
nhu cau gidi tri cua cdc em. Them vdo dd, bdu<br />
bit cae bg tmyfn tranh Idn d Vift Nam hifn<br />
nay diu Id djch tir tmyfn nude ngoai nen vdn<br />
phong vd tu tudng ciia cdc tmyfn nay chua<br />
thyc sy phil bgp vdi fre em nude ta. Cdng tdc<br />
qudn Ii ttong cdc hogt dgng xudt ban cdn khd<br />
Iflng 1^0 nSn cd nhieu loai tmyfn nfi dung<br />
chua phii hgp van duge dua vdo thi tmdng<br />
tmyfn tranh Vift Nam, da tde dfng khdng nhd<br />
tdi loi sing, cdch ftng xft cfta gidi tr6, nhdt Id<br />
tr6 em khi md edc em van dang ttong giai dogn<br />
can phdi hgc bdi, tilp nhgn nhihig tri thftc tft<br />
sdch vd, trong gia dinh vd ngodi xd hfi.<br />
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S6NG<br />
<br />
S6 1 (243)-2016<br />
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3. Kit lufn<br />
Tmyfn tranh tiidi hifn dgi Id mft tiong nbihig<br />
phuong tifn gjdi tti cfta lid em. Trong bli eanh<br />
hfi nh|p quoc t l vd cdng nghf s l hda nbu hifn<br />
nay, ttuyfn tranh da chju dnh budng khdng nhd<br />
cua ylu to thdi dgi, ding thdi truyfnfranhc&c<br />
nude t r ^ ttie gidi dd du nbfp vdo Vift Nam.<br />
Ngdn ngft trong tmyfn tranh cWu sy chi phoi ciia<br />
hinh dnh vd dnh hudng ciia ngdn ngft tuli "teen",<br />
bfc If rd nhftng khiem khuyet so vditiingVi^<br />
chudn. Do trd em dang d df tuli khdm phd ±k<br />
gidi, frau doi ngdn ngft vd hlnh thdnh nbdn cdch,<br />
lgi chua du ndng lyc nhgn ttifte v l ngfln ngft<br />
chudn trong gjao tilp tieng Vift nen trfi em Vift<br />
Nam rdt d l chiu tdc dfng tft ngfln ngft t n ^ n<br />
tranh, dan din khiem khuylt trong vifc sft dyng<br />
tieng Vift dl thyc hifn nhihig gjao tikp ngfln ngtt<br />
trye tilp (dim ^ ndi) vd gidn tilp (dien dgt vilt).<br />
Be tgo dieu kifn eho trd em t ^ dyng tn^^n<br />
tranh ^ trau dii ngdn ngft vd tilp xiic vdi tiie<br />
gidi, ddi hditiiphia nhd trudng vd gia dinh quan<br />
tdm, budng pn tranh,<br />
Tgp chl Gido dye so 288 b-.:47 - 49.<br />
2. Tran Tbi Bfch Lilu, (2004), Bge diim truy?n<br />
tranh Nhgt Bdn vd ad trf eua nd A)i vdi syphdt<br />
trien tri tup vd tam Adn eda tre, T ^ dhi Khoa hpc sl<br />
5 Tr.: 36-38.<br />
3. Phuang Lyu (1997;, Li lugn vdn hgc, Nxb<br />
Gido dye, Hd Nfi.<br />
4.<br />
ht^:/Mc.vn/nhung-bai"Van-tat-nguyen-tunpon-npu-tniven-tranb.538.305569.htm<br />
Vi tuong lai tbi bf mdng non, cdn cd sy<br />
5. X Mikhanclp, P. Gamara, M. Panitso; Djch:<br />
quan tdm ciia ed gia dinh, nhd trudng vd xd hfi Xudn Tftu (1982X Vdn hgc vd tre em, Hd Nfi, Nxb<br />
dl tmyfn tranh ndi rifing vd cdc phucmg tifn Kim Dong.<br />
tiuyen ttidng, gido dye, gidi tri khdc thyc sy cd<br />
6. Due Minh, Phgm Hodng Gia, Mgc VSn Trang<br />
fcb doi vdi qud tiMi hlnh thdnh vd phdt friln (1975), Mpt sd vdn S tdm li hpc suphgm vd Ida<br />
tudi hpc sinh Vipt Nam, Ha Nfi, Nxb Gido dye.<br />
nbdn cdch ciia tre em.<br />
<br />
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