Những khó khăn của sinh viên Việt Nam khi sử dụng thì, thể trong Tiếng Anh và cách khắc phục

56 4 (246)-2016<br /> <br /> NG6N NGC & Bdi S6NG<br /> <br /> 77<br /> <br /> HGOAI NGtr VOl BAN NOtil<br /> <br /> NHtnVG KHO KHAN CUA SINH VEEN Vif T NAM<br /> K m SU" DVNG THI, TH£ TRONG TIENG ANH<br /> VA CACH K H A C P H V C<br /> DIFFCULITIES IN USING TENSE-ASPECT IN ENGLISH<br /> OF VIETNAMESE STUDENTS AND SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME<br /> LWONG BA PHUONG<br /> (NCS-ThS; Hpc vifn Bdo cU v i Tuyin truyin)<br /> Abstract: When studying a language, students often encounter many difSculties of which<br /> grammatical errors relating to tense- aspect is the visible one. To assist them overcome this<br /> obsttaetion, the article focuses on finding out the causes and giving possible suggestion that<br /> may help them.<br /> Key words: Tense- aspect difUculties.<br /> 1. Khi hpc mpt ngdn ngft, ngudi sft dyng trudc nhiing khd khdn md ngudi hpe ed fhl<br /> fliudng gdp lit nhiiu khd khdn, mft trong gfp phdi dl thn cdch giip hp khdc phyc<br /> nhftng khd khdn Idn nhat Id do sy khdc bift ching nhung khd khSn ndy mft cdch hifu<br /> vl ngdn ngft, vSn hda gifta cdc ngon ngft. Vin qud. Trong bdi vilt ndy, nhftng khd khSn ehi<br /> dl ndy dd cd nhiiu nghifn ciu, chdng hgn. ylu dupe tfp trung vdo nhiing loi thi-thi<br /> flieo Weinreich [5] '*nhiing sai Ifch so vdi trong tiln^ Anh md sinh vien hpc tilng Anh<br /> ehuin myc cia cd hai ngdn ngft xdy ra trong thudng mdc phdi trong qud trinh tiip thu vd<br /> Idi ndi eia ngudi ndi hai thft tieng Id do sy thyc<br /> *^^ hdnh<br /> \.i^u ngfin<br /> ««A« ngft<br /> «nft dich<br /> Mri, (ndi<br /> ^«AI vd<br /> .A viet),<br /> .AM\ vd<br /> .A ed<br /> /.*<br /> quen thufc eia hg doi vdi ngfin ngft ndy hay Idii dich tft ngdn ngft nguin sang ngdn ngft<br /> ngdn ngft kia. Dd Id kit qui eia sy tiip xic dich. Chi tilt hon, cdc loi lien quan din vifc<br /> ngdn ngft". Tu tudng cia fing sau niy dupe chuyin tdi cdc ^ nghia ngft phdp md tK-thi<br /> Lado [I], Stockwell [3], Schachter [2] vd trong ngfin ngft Anh cd khd nSng bilu thj<br /> nhiiu nhd nghifn ciu khdc tiip tyc phdt triin sang tilng Vift vd ngupc Igi.<br /> 2. C!ua qud trinh gidng dgy vd qua cdc bdi<br /> khi hp tien hdnh so sdnh dii chilu giiia ngfin<br /> ngtt vd vdn hod cia tilng mp df vdi ngfin ngft dich thyc hdnh thyc tl ciia sinh vifn, cd thi<br /> vd vdn hod cia ngfin ngft dich dl dy bdo khdi qudt nhiing khd khdn co bdn khi s i dyng<br /> nhftng khd khSn hofc cdc loi tiim ndng ngudi rfa" thi mi ngudi hpc' thudng gdp nhimg khd<br /> hpc sd mdc phdi trong qud trinh hpc ngogi khdn trong khi hpc tilng Anh nhu sau:<br /> Tha nhdt, do su Ididc biit ve logi hinh:<br /> ngft, d ^ bift Id tilng Anh. Theo Lado [129]<br /> "cde ci thf cd xu hudng chuyin cdc dgng Khd khSn diu tifn de dang nhfn ra dd Id sy<br /> khdc<br /> bift vl logi hinh giiia hai ngdn ngft Anh<br /> fliie (form), ^ nghia (meaning), vd sy phdn<br /> bl (disttibution) cdc dgng thftc va y nghia eia vd Vift: tilng Anh thufc ngdn ngft bdn hiln<br /> ngfin ngft va vdn hod lidn ngft sang ngfin ngft binh (semi-inflectional language) vd tilng<br /> vd vSn hod nude ngodi - ed trong lie sdn smh Vift Id ngdn ngft khfing biin hinh - ngfin ngft<br /> Idi ndi vd ftng xft trong nin vdn hod dd lin don Ifp (isolating language).<br /> Rit nhiiu ngudi Vift phdi mit mft flidi<br /> hong lie tiip thy ngfin ngft - khi hp tim cdch<br /> nim vftng ngfin ngft vd vdn hod giong nhu<br /> ngudi bdn ngft".<br /> ^<br /> ' Qua khto sdt Ihyc tl cda 300 sinh viSn hgc d^g<br /> Nhu vfy, ein phdi tim hieu vd dy bdo Anh.<br /> <br /> 78<br /> <br /> NGON N G C & Btfl S 6 N G<br /> <br /> gian khd ddi di ed the Idm quen vdi cdch chia<br /> cdc dfng tft d cde thi khdc nhau vd cde ngdi<br /> khdc nhau. Vi dy: Khi dupe ydu ciu chuyen<br /> tdi cdu "Sdng nay anh 4v ra bdi biin " sang<br /> tiing tiing Anh thay vi ndi "This morning<br /> He went to the beach" tM hp lai ndi "This<br /> morning he go to the beach "Trong edu trdn do thdi quen d tiing mp di<br /> la dfng tft thudng khdng chia, nen trong tiing<br /> Anh dfng tft "go" diing ra phai chia d qud<br /> khft 'Svenf" nhung d day dpng tft ndy lai<br /> khdng chia d thi qud Idift thfm chl cung<br /> khdng chia ngdi thii ba si it d thi hifn t^<br /> "goes". Kit qud khdo sdt cd din 12% so sinh<br /> vidn nhim lam vi loi ndy trong cdc bai dich<br /> th\rc hdnh d giai doan dau.<br /> MSitilltrong tiing Anh dupe gdn vdi cdc<br /> chftc ndng khdc nhau nhung trong nhiiu<br /> trudng hpp cd thi thay thi d u ^ cho nhau,<br /> chdng han, tM qud Idift hodn don (QKD) vd<br /> Mfn t^ hodntiidnh(HTHT). Vi dy nhu cdu<br /> hdi trong tiing Vift "Bgn dd dpc "Nam Cao "<br /> chua? tiii tiing Anh cd thi ndi: "Did you<br /> read "Nam Cad^ ho$c "Have you read<br /> Nam Cao""} Diiu ndy gdy ra rit riiiiu khd<br /> khdn cho ngudl hpc. Hifn tupng dfng tft cMa<br /> d tM Mfn t^i don hay Mfn taitiepdiin nhung<br /> I^i hiiu thi hdnh dfng trong tuong lai; dfng<br /> tft chia d till Mfn tai don (HID) nhung l^i<br /> dien td hdnh dfng trong qud khu; till Mfn t^i<br /> hodntiidnh(HTHT) cd thi dupe dftng trong<br /> tuong lai; tM qud khft nhung bieu th| hdnh<br /> dfng d hifn tai,...kMin hf thing thi trong<br /> tiing Anh, ddi Idii, trd thdnh mft "md cung"<br /> dii viM ngudi hpc.<br /> <br /> s i 4 (246)-2016<br /> <br /> tiii hdnh dfng trong tucmg lai: They me<br /> coming soon (Hp sg tdi r ^ y bdy gid). Th|m<br /> cM nd cdn din;c sCr dyng dd nhan manh mft<br /> sy tinh xdy ra d Mfn t^i: She is_dwg^<br /> comlaining about money (Bd ta Idc ndo cung<br /> edn nhdn vi diuyfn tiin nong).<br /> Thii- ba, do Ididng cd tuong duong vi m$t<br /> hinh thiic ciia tM, thi gifla haitiifttiing:R9<br /> rdng Id ed sy khdc bift rat Idn vi m$t hinh<br /> thiic ciia tM, thi gifla tieng Anh vdtiingVi$t<br /> (tiing Anh thufc lo^ ngdn ngft bdn biin htoh,<br /> tiing Vift thufc ngdn ngfl don Ifp). D§e 6iha.<br /> ndy gdy rit nhiiu khd khdn cho n^^i Vi^<br /> kM hpc tiing Anh, d$e bift dii vdi nhflng<br /> ngu^ mdi hpe. Vd lai, vifc troi^ tiing Vi^<br /> Mfn nay khdng cd sy tiling nhat vi thi-tl^<br /> gifla cdc nhd ngMdn cftu cung Id mft trd ng^<br /> khdng nhd cho vifc day vd hpe tiin^ d$c M^<br /> trong sft dyng vd trong vifc djch thuat Anh Vift, Vift - Anh. Vi dy: Mft trang tft chi tW<br /> thi trong tiing Vift cd tiii dupe sft dyng tiong<br /> nMJu thi-thi trong tiing Anh:<br /> <br /> r/rii" htd^ AW i^uin do khdng cd s^ thdng<br /> nhdt giOa hinh thuc vd ch&c ndng: Ciing mft<br /> tiii trong tiing Anh cd thi biiu tlij cdc ^ nghia<br /> ngft phdp khdc nhau. Vi dy, titi HIB cd tiii<br /> vfta biiu thi hdnh dfng Idp di Idp lai, tiidi<br /> quen,.. .nhung cOng ed tiii bieu thi hanh dfng<br /> trong tuong lai: / will do it when she comes<br /> (Tdi se ldm dieu dd kM ed ay tdi);tiiiHTTD<br /> dupe diing de cM hdnh dfng dang xdy ra d<br /> thdi diim ngudi ndi dang ndi din cd thi biiu<br /> <br /> Tilng Vilt<br /> <br /> TidngAnh"<br /> - Qud khi^ don: He came<br /> back-Anh iy da vh<br /> - Qud khiS- hoan thinh: He<br /> has just come bade - Anh<br /> <br /> iydavk<br /> - Qud khii HTTD: He had<br /> come back - Anh iy dSvh.<br /> - Hi^n tfli Am: She worfa<br /> in a bank - Cd ^y dar^M<br /> vi^cdnginhflng.<br /> - H i ^ t^i t i ^ dih: She is<br /> wor^g<br /> in the bank - C&<br /> iy dang Mm v i ^ 6 n ^<br /> hdng.<br /> - Qud khA t i ^ dign: S%e<br /> was wm'kir^ in the bank Cd dy dwg Um \ ^ it<br /> ngtohdng.<br /> - Tuong lai A m They wf<br /> arrived-bQsS^kn.<br /> -hi^ntaiti^diSnbi^ufti<br /> tuong lai ^ : TSey m<br /> arriving this m^w^g^ad<br /> sing nay hp sS dfe.<br /> in<br /> - Tirong lai g§n: Iheyi^<br /> going to arrive - Ho sS