371.1<br />
<br />
AMES H. STRONGE<br />
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NH556PH<br />
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Nhirng pham cha<br />
cua ngirai giao vien<br />
- hhieu qua<br />
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Nguai djch : LE VAN CANH<br />
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CD<br />
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NHA XUAT BAN<br />
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GlAO D U G<br />
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VIET<br />
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%g^P?^JAMES H. STRONGE<br />
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Nhirng pham chat<br />
cua ngirai giao vien<br />
hieu qua<br />
Ngirai<br />
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djch :<br />
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LE V A N<br />
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CANH<br />
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iHi/ VI^NTINHBINHTHOAW<br />
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NHA XUAT BAN GIAO DUG VIET NAM<br />
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QUALITIES OF EFFECTIVE TEACHER<br />
By James H. Stronge<br />
<br />
ASCD<br />
<br />
Vwi'/<br />
<br />
Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development<br />
Alexandria, Virginia USA<br />
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Ddnh tang va toi, Terri, mot nguoi day tre tdi ndng vd<br />
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tat cd nhOng giao vien tarn huyet dang gidng day a khdp moi nai.<br />
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^ 11.<br />
Copyright © 2007 by Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. A l l rights<br />
reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any<br />
means, electronics or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage<br />
and retrieval system, without permission from ASCD.<br />
V,,,'<br />
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I703 N . Beauregard St. •Alexandria, V A 22311-1714 USA<br />
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ASCD is not responsible for the quality of the translation.<br />
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Ban quyfin ihuoc AS(?D (Ifiep hoi Giam sat va Xay dirng chirong tiinh ciia Hoa Ky). M o i quySn da<br />
duac dang ki, K h i chua duac phep ciia ASCD, khong ai c6 quyfin sao chep hoac luu truyen bat ki<br />
ph^n nao trong cuon sach nay dudi bat k i dang nao, bang bat k i phuong tiSn dien tii hay co hoc niio,<br />
bao gom photocopy, ghi am, hay dCing bat ki he thong luu tru thong tin va tim kiem nao.<br />
ASCD khong chiu trach nhifim ve chat luang ciia ban dich.<br />
<br />
Sach duac mua ban quyen theo Hap d6ng<br />
giira Nha xua't ban Giao diic Viet Nam va To chiic ASCD Hoa K y<br />
Nha xua't ban Giao due Viet Nam giiJ quyen cong bd tac ph^m ban tieng Viet.<br />
<br />
11 - 201 l / C X B / 5 4 - 2054/GD<br />
<br />
i.<br />
<br />
Ma so : 8Z110K1 - C P D<br />
<br />
111<br />
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4,<br />
<br />
Miefl n6i dJau<br />
Thc(i dai chiing ta dang s6'ng la thdi dai diln ra cu6c chay d u a quy^'t liet<br />
Ichoa hoc - c6ng ngh^ gixja cac qu6'c gia. Trong boi canh do, qu6c gia nao khong<br />
phat trien difdc nSng luc khoa hoc - cong ngh§ cua minh thi qu6'c gia S'y kho<br />
tranh dUdc sU tut h^u, cham phat tridn. Do vSy, m 6 t n^n giao due ti^n tiS'n tao<br />
ra du'cfc nguon nh^n luc chat lUdng cao c6 kha nSng dong gop cho sU phat trien<br />
nang life khoa hoc - c6ng nghd qu6c gia, thiic da'y sU phat tri§n kinh t^' ben<br />
vUng la cai dich ma tat ca cac qu6c gia d^u nhSm t6i. Mue tiSu ciia n^n giao due<br />
do la m a n g d§'n cho hoc sinh ni^m say m e hoc tap, khat khao ducfc vudn tc*i<br />
nhimg chan trdi m d i cua tri thue v6i m o t ru^m tin m a n h liet rSng minh c6 th§'<br />
thifc hidn dvfdc khat vpng do. Noi each khac, giao due phai dSt trong tam vao<br />
vi#c khdi day sU say m^ hoc tap, kich thich sU to m o y a sang tao cua hoc sinh d^'<br />
cac e m c6 kha nSng ki§n tao kien thiie \xi nhifng gi nha trudng m a n g d#n cho<br />
hp, de' h o thue sU tha'y rSng m6i ngay d^n tru'dng la m 6 t ngay c6 ieh. Nhu vay,<br />
m6t n^n giao due ti§n tien khdng dat trong tam vao vi$c giup ngudi hoc tiep<br />
thu cac tri thue khoa hoe ma nha trudng d u a lai cho ho. NgUde lai, m u e tieu cua<br />
nen giao due do la giiip ngudi hoe nhan ra dude nhifng nSng lue tri tue cua<br />
minh de di tim tiep nhiing Idi giai cho nhihig va'n d^ chua han hoan toan da<br />
biet theo con difdng phu h d p nhat v6i nang lue tri tuf cua ca nhan.<br />
Su hi^n dito cua mot nen giao due n h u vay phu thu6e vao nhi^u y^'u t6',<br />
nhung y§u t6' quydt dinh nhat la quan ni^m v^ vai tro cua ngudi thly. Quan ni^m<br />
khdng diing v^ vai tro t n m g tam cua ngUoii thay d6'i v6i chat lifdng giao due rat d§<br />
dua n^n giao due den eh6 sai Ifch. Dat ngucii thly Ito vi tri quy^n uy tuyet dd'i v^<br />
chan li khoa hoe la m6t sai llm, nhifng sai l l m se 16n hdn nSu ha tha'p hoae tham<br />
chi phu nhan vai tro then ch6t cua ngUoii thly dd'i v6i chat lUdng giao due. Giao su"<br />
Hoang Tuy da noi rat diing rang: "Vdi each hieu giao due th6 sd n i n g v^ cam tinh,<br />
khi thi nhah manh mot chieu hoc sinh lam trung Mw, khi khac t6n ehudng trinh,<br />
sach giao khoa l^n dia vi linh hSn giao due, nhan dinh chat ludng dai hoc thap<br />
khdng phai Jo thiy^ ma do chifcfng trinh, v.v... d i n d^n hoan toan xem thudng vi^c<br />
xay dung d6i ngii thly giao theo c h u ^ m u c chuy^n m d n va dao due hifin dai'.<br />
<br />
L3y kha nSng sang tao kifih thufc mdi cua ngudi hoc lam muc tidu cua giao due<br />
khong phai la ha tha'p vai tro cua ngudi thay. NgUcfc lai, vai tro cua ngiXdi t h l y<br />
du-dc d^ cao gap b6i. Kh6ng c6 hoc tro sang tao nSu khdng c6 nhiing ngiidi thly<br />
sang tao. NgUcfi thSy sang tao la ngudi bi^t chia se nhiing vui bu6n trong qua trinh<br />
Cling ki6h tao tri thiic, biS't hu'dng d i n ngudi hoc phat hien vari di, d3t ra cac gia<br />
thuy^t va so sanh de' danh gia cac gia thuy^t do, t i i do chon ra m6t gia thuy§t thich<br />
<br />
cu th^ d§' thirc h i f n n6i dung do. Khi m6t quan ni§m sai Idch la c6 m6t phudng<br />
phap day hoc nao do c6 th§' ap dung cho moi dd'i tudng day hpc, trong moi di^u<br />
ki^n sU pham va moi giao vi&n phai day theo phUdng phap do dang con rSt phd'<br />
bidh d nhieu can b6 quan h', dao tao va bdi dudng giao vien, v.v..., y kidh cua<br />
Marzano la rat dang suy nghi.<br />
James H . Stronge, tac gia cua cu6n Nhiingphdm chat cua ngwdi giao vi&n<br />
<br />
hdp, su dung nhiing ki^h thiic va hi6u bi§t td'ng hdp tii nhi^u mon hoc di dua ra<br />
<br />
hiiu qua cho rSng ngudi giao vien eo hi^u qua la tdng hoa cua "cac tinh each<br />
<br />
mot giai phap m6i cho vari de da biet va cu6i cimg bi§'t ki^m nghif m, danh gia<br />
<br />
cua ngifdi giao vi§n nhif la m6t ca nhSn binh thu"dng, qua trinh dao tao giao<br />
<br />
giai phap do.<br />
<br />
vi^n, each quan l i 16p hpc va each giao vi§n soan bai, day va theo doi su tien b6<br />
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Tat ca rJiiing n6i dung tr§n day dUdc th^' h i f n trong b6 sach quy fld/' mdi'<br />
<br />
phvofng phap day hoc gom cac cu6h Nghi thuit va khoa hoc day hoc - tac gia<br />
Robert J. Marzano; Nhiing pham chit cua ngiidi giao vien hieu qua - tac gia<br />
James H . Stronge; Tarn dSi mdi dd tr6 thanh ngu'di giao vien gioi- tac gia Giselle<br />
O. Martin-Kniep; Quan li Idp hoc hiiu qua -<br />
<br />
tac gia Robert J.<br />
<br />
Marzano,<br />
<br />
Jana S.Marzano & Debra J. Pickering ... .D§' c6 dudc b6 sach nay, Nha xua't ban<br />
Giao due Viet Nam da c6 nhiing n6 luc dang trSn trong trong v i f c tuy§n chon,<br />
thudng thao ban quyen v6i Hiep hdi Giam sat va XSy dung ChUdng trinh<br />
(ASCD) cua Hoa Ky, t6 chiic dich sang tieng Vi^t va gi6i thifu v6i d6c gia<br />
VidtNam.<br />
<br />
cua hpc sinh" bao gdm ca nhiing hpc sinh gioi, hpe sinh c6 n3ng khieu va nhiing<br />
hpc sinh c6 nguy cd (nhiing hpe sinh yfi'u kem). Trong cu6h sach Tam dSimdi dS<br />
trd thanh ngiidi giao viin gioi, tae gia Giselle O. Martin-Kniep trinh bay nhiing<br />
thii thu^t day hpc cu th#' mang tinh gdi y de giao vi§n v3n dung vao tiing 16p<br />
hpc de mpi hpc sinh dti la hpc sinh c6 nSng khifiu, hpe sinh eo kha nang nhan<br />
thiic nhanh hay nhiing hpe sinh y#'u kem van dat dUdc ket qua hpc tap mong<br />
ddi. van dung nhiing thu thuat do trong tiing 16p hpe cu the la ca mot qua trinh<br />
hpc tap sang tao khdng ngiing cua ngudi giao vi^n. Dieu nay la mdt sU thM hi^n<br />
nhien bdi le "Giao vi^n khd cd the nudi dudng dudc hoat ddng hpc tap dich thUe cho<br />
ngu'di hpc n§u nhu" ban than hp lai khdng tham gia vao qua trinh hpc t$p". Hai tif<br />
"hoc tip dich thiid' nghe qua ddn gian nhung di nudi dudng difde ddng cd do<br />
<br />
Se ch3ng c6 gi m6i khi noi rSng, day hoc viia la m5t khoa hoc viia la m6t<br />
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thi khdng ddn gian chut nao. Hpe dich thife bao gid ciing la mdt qua trinh gian<br />
<br />
ngh^ thuSt. Tuy nhien, trong cu6'n Ngh^ thuat va khoa hoc day hoc, tac gia<br />
<br />
nan va bdn phan ciia nhiing ngudi lam thdy la lam th^' nao d^' qua trinh do it<br />
<br />
Robert J. Marzano l i giai quan ni^m do ve hoat d6ng day hoc m6t each cu th^'<br />
<br />
gian nan hdn ddi v d i ngUdi hpc. Nhiing gpfi y ciia Giselle O. Martin-Kniep<br />
<br />
nhu sau :<br />
<br />
, , ,<br />
<br />
trong cud'n sach nay se giiip cac t h i y , cd giao thifc hi^n bd'n phan do mdt each<br />
<br />
,H<br />
<br />
Noi m6t each ngSn gon, nghi^n ciiu se kh6ng bao gid eo du kha n3ng<br />
<br />
.i„ (,,,,<br />
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i,<br />
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cd hieu qua.<br />
<br />
dinh ra cac phudng phap day hoc phii hdp v6i moi hoe sinh va mpi 16p hoe.<br />
<br />
Viee td chiic dich va xuSt ban bd sach quy nay la mdt vi^c lam rSt kip thdi<br />
<br />
Dieu tot nhat ma cac nghi§n ciiu c6 the mang lai la cho chiing ta bi§t phudng<br />
<br />
va dang ghi nhan cua Nha xuat ban Giao due Vi^t Nam trong bdi canh Dang,<br />
<br />
phap day hpe nao c6 nhieu kha nSng nhat de thue su c6 hifu qua v6i cac hoc<br />
<br />
Nha nude va Nganh Giao due dang quyg't tSm dd'i mdi giao due de dua chat<br />
<br />
sinh. Moi giao vi&n phai tu xay dimg phudng phap day hoc cu the cho hoc<br />
<br />
ludng giao due l§n ngang t l m ddi hdi cua su nghiep edng nghi^p hoa, hien dai<br />
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sinh cua minh tai thdi diem thich hdp. Bdi le do, p h l n quan trong cua vifc<br />
<br />
hoa dat nude vdi muc tidu cao ca la d§' dan toe Viet Nam ta "bude l^n dai vinh<br />
<br />
day hoc c6 hieu qua phai la nghf thuat va cudn sach nay dang v i vSy c6 ten<br />
<br />
quang sanh vai v d i cac cudng qudc nSm chSu" n h u Bac Hd mu6n van kinh y^u<br />
<br />
goi Nghe thuat va khoa hoc day hoc.<br />
<br />
cua dan toe ta v l n h5ng mong mudn. Bd sach la tai l i ^ u tham khao quy cho cac<br />
<br />
Trong toan b6 cu6n sach, tac gia da sU dung nhi^u chiing cii khoa hpe de<br />
chiing minh n6i dung tr§n day, ddng thdi chi ra cho giao v i t o ril^iing each lam<br />
<br />
nha quan l i giao due, cac thay, cd giao d tat ca cac cap hpc, hpc vi^n cao hpc,<br />
nghifin ciiu sinh chuyen nganh su pham va quan l i giao due.<br />
7<br />
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