PHONG CACH GIAO DUO CUA CHA ME<br />
vA ANH H U 6 N G C O A N O<br />
DOI VOI CON TUOI VI THANH NIEN<br />
PGS.TS. Truong Thj Khinh Hi<br />
Trudng khoa Khoa Tdm ly hgc, Trudng Dgi hpc Khoa hpc xd hdi vd Nhdn vdn.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
T6M TAT<br />
Nghien cUu dua Irin diiu Ira 256 hpc sinh, 256 cha me vd 6 cd gido cho<br />
thdy, ddnh gid cda cha me vd con vi phong cdch gido due cda cha me khd phii hgp<br />
vdi nhau; Cd khodng 23% cha me cd phong cdch gido due ddc dodn vd 44% cha me<br />
cd phong cdch gido due ddn chu. Cdc bdc cha me cd trinh dd dgi hpc cd xu hudng<br />
yiu edu cao d con vd bdt con phdi nghe theo y minh nhiiu htm so vdi cdc cha me co<br />
trinh dd thdp han; Cha me thu&ng hay chiiu chudng Ire nam hon vd kiem sodt cdc<br />
em nS chat che han. Cha me cdng hay mang md phi phdn con ddu nhiiu han so vdi<br />
con thir hai.<br />
Kit qud nghiin ciiu cho thdy, phong cdch gido due cua cha me cung nhu sit<br />
thdng nhdt trong cdch gido due con giUa cha vd me cd dnh hudng tdi mdi sd net linh<br />
cdch vd tuddnh gid ciia con.<br />
TU khda: Phong cdch gido due, dgc dodn, ddn chu, dnh hudng, vi thdnh<br />
nien.<br />
<br />
Giio diic cua cha me la tip hpp cic hinh ddng die thu, didn ra ddng<br />
thdi hay ridng le, nhim tic ddng mdt cich cd muc dich ldn su phit tridn nhin<br />
cich cia tre. Phong cich giio diic cia cha me la mdt ciu trie tim 1^ bao gdm<br />
cic dang hanh vi vi t i c thai dd ing x i m i cha me thudng s i dung trong viec<br />
nudi day con cii. Dua trdn mic dd "quan tim, tdn trpng, ling nghe" vi "ydu<br />
ciu, ddi hdi" cua cha me ddi vdi con, cic tic gii da chia phong cich giio due<br />
cia cha me ra thinh bd'n loai: Din chi, ddc doan, nudng chidu vi phd mac [1], [2].<br />
Theo cic nhi nghidn ciu, phong cich giio due cua cha me cd inh<br />
hudng tdi tir danh gii, tu y thic, su phit tridn tim ly cing nhu hanh vi xa hdi<br />
cia nhttng dia con, die bidt li nhttng dia con tadi vi thinh nidn [1], [2], [3], [5].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
46 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4 - 2 0 1 2<br />
Dd tim bidu phong cich giio due cia cha me va inh hudng cua nd ddi<br />
vdi mdt sd die didm tinh each va tu dinh gii cua con, ching tdi tidn hinh<br />
nghidn ciu trdn 518 khich thd, trong dd cd 256 hpc sinh cia 3 khdi 10,11,12<br />
tai tru&ng THPT Td Hidu, Thu&ng Tfn, Ha Ndi (120 nam, 136 ntt; 115 con diu,<br />
98 con t h i hai, 43 con thi ba), 256 bic cha me cua chfnh cic em vi 6 cd giio<br />
chi nhidm ldp.<br />
Phuong phip nghidn ciu chi'nh li didu tra bing bing hdi vi thang do tu<br />
dinh gii cho tre vj thinh nidn. Bing hdi dupe thid't kd gid'ng nhau cho cha me<br />
vi con cii dua trdn cic tidu chf phin loai phong cich giio due [4]. Mdi phong<br />
cich duoc thd hidn qua 4 mdnh dd.<br />
<br />
Ddc dodn Ddn chii<br />
Kiem sodt con chat ehe Yeu edu cao d eon<br />
Yeu edu eao d eon Quan Idm, linh cdm v&i eon<br />
Hay mang md, phe phdn Thu&ng xuyen Irao ddi, thdo ludn v&i con<br />
Bdt con phdi nghe iheo y minh Lang nghe vd tdn trpng y kiin ciia con<br />
<br />
<br />
Mdi mdnh dd cd 5 lua chpn: t i "hoin toin khdng gidng": 1 didm, ddn<br />
"rit gidng": 5 didm. Tdng didm 4 mdnh dd cia mdi phong cich bidn thidn ttt 4<br />
ddn 20 didm, dupe chia thanh 5 mic (vi du: Rit ddc doan, ddc doan, hoi ddc<br />
doin, khdng ddc doan, nudng chidu). Mic thip nhit, "hoan toan khdng gid'ng"<br />
ci 4 mdnh dd cua phong cich ddc dpdn hay ddn chd tbi tuong duong vdi phong<br />
cich nudng chiiu hoic phd mdc.<br />
<br />
Phd mdc Nudne chiiu<br />
Khdng yiu edu gi d con Khdng kiem sodt con<br />
Khong quan tdm vd il tinh cdm vai con Khong yeu edu gi d eon<br />
Khong trao ddi, thdo ludn v&i eon Khdng mang mo, phi phdn<br />
Khong Idng nghe, khdng I6n trpng y kiin cua con De eon tu theo y minh<br />
<br />
Theo each hidu nhu trdn thi dpc dodn ddi lip vdi nudng chiiu, ddn chd<br />
ddi lip vdi pho mac. Cdn hai phong cich din chi va ddc doan mac d i khic bin<br />
nhau nhung khdng hoan toin dd'i lip nhau. Sau diy li mdt sd kd't qua nghidn<br />
ciu thuc tidn.<br />
<br />
1. Phong each giao due cua cha me<br />
Danh gii cua cha me v i dinh gii cua con vd phong cich giao due cua<br />
cha me khdng cd su khic bidt vi tuong quan vdi nhau khi chat (r phong each<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
TAPCHfTAMLyHPC,Sd4(157),4-2012 47<br />
din chu = 0,592, r phong cich ddc doin = 0,597, vdi p = 0,000). Didu niy<br />
ching td nhin djnh cia cha me vi con khi phi hpp vdi nhau.<br />
Tim hidu ti Id cic bic cha me vdi cic mic dd ddc doin khic nhau,<br />
ching tdi thu dupe kd't qui nhu sau:<br />
<br />
Bdng 1: Ti li cdc bdc cha me vdi cdc mdc dd ddc dodn khdc nhau<br />
<br />
STT Cic mic dd Tdng didm cua 4 mdnh d^ Ti Id (%)<br />
1 Rii ddc doin 17,1 ddn 20 3,1<br />
2 Ddc doan 14,1 ddn 17 19,9<br />
3 Hdi ddc doan 11,1 ddn 14 42,6<br />
4 Khdng dOc doan 8,1 ddn 11 25,0<br />
5 Nudng chidu 4 ddn 8 9,4<br />
<br />
Kd't qui thu dupe d bang 1 cho thiy, cd 23% cha me cd phong cich giao<br />
due ddc doin vi rit ddc doan. Hp thu&ng ydu ciu cao & con; kilm soit con chat<br />
che; hay ming md, phd phin; bit con phii nghe theo f minh.<br />
So vdi mdt nghidn ciu trudc diy (2010) cua ching tdi didu tra trdn sinh<br />
vidn chinh qui va sinh vidn hd via lim via hpc (20 - 35 tudi), thi ti Id cic bic<br />
cha me cd phong cich giio due "ddc doin" trong nghidn cin nay nhd hon<br />
(23% so vdi khoing 35%) [xem 4], Mdt trong cic nguydn nhin cia kdt qui nay<br />
cd thd la do cic bic cha me trong nghidn ciu niy tre hon so vdi cic bic cha me<br />
trong nghidn ciu trudc khoing 1 0 - 2 0 tudi (gin mdt thd hd); vi tfnh chit mfi<br />
quan hd cha me - con cii d xa hdi Vidt Nam trong 10 nim gin diy cd nhttng<br />
chuydn bidn theo hudng din chi hon, bdt ddc doin gia trudng hon. Bin thin<br />
nhiing dia con thd hd mdi cung ddi hdi su din chu, tdn trpng d cha me chiing<br />
nhidu ban.<br />
<br />
Bdng 2: Ti li cdc bge cha me v&i cdc muc dd ddn ehu khde nhau<br />
<br />
STT Cic mic dd Tdng didm cua 4 mdnh dd Ti id (%)<br />
1 Ri't din chu 17,1 ddn 20 5,9<br />
2 Din chu 14,1 ddn 17 38,7<br />
3 ft din chu 11,1 ddn 14 40,2<br />
4 Khdng din chu 8,1 ddn 11 12,9<br />
5 Pho mac 4 ddn 8 2,3<br />
<br />
<br />
48 TAP CHf JAM ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4-2012<br />
Kdt qui thu duoc d bing 2 cho thi'y, cd 44,6% cha me cd phong cich<br />
giao due din chu vi rit din chu. Hp quan tim dd'n con; thudng xuydn trao ddi,<br />
thio luin vdi con; ling nghe va tdn trpng y kid'n cua con; ddng thdi cung ydii<br />
ciu cao d con.<br />
Mpt sd phong cich giio due ft gap nhung ding dd ching ta luu y, vi<br />
ching cd thd inh hudng ri't tidu cue dd'n su phit tridn tim ly cua tre. Vi du, cd<br />
9,4% cha me cd phong cich nudng chidu (bing 1); 2,3% cha me cd phong cich<br />
phd mac, khdng quan tim, khdng doii hoii gi dd'n con (bing 2). Ngoii ra,<br />
nhidu bic cha me cd phong cich pha trdn gitta cac phong cich ndu trdn.<br />
2. Phin tfch so sanh<br />
So sinh phong cich giio due cia cic nhdm cha me cd trinh dd hoc vin<br />
khic nhau thi khdng cd su khac bidt vd mat thdng kd. Tuy nhidn, ching tdi thiy<br />
CO su khac bidt cd y nghia 6 mdt sd mdnh dd rieng le giia cac nhdm cha me cd<br />
trinh dd bpc vin tidu hoc vi dai hpc d miu nghien ciu niy.<br />
<br />
Bdng 3: Cdeh gido due cda cha me cd trinh dp hpc vdn khdc nhau<br />
(gid tri trung binh)<br />
<br />
STT Cach giao due cua cha me Tieu<br />
THCS THPT CD SH<br />
hoc<br />
I Kiem soil con chat che 2,8 3,4 3,7 3,5 3,4<br />
2 Yeu cau cao d con 3,0 3,0 3,2 4,0 3,7<br />
3 Quan tdm, tinh cam vdi con 4,6 3,8 3,8 4,2 3,5<br />
4 Hay ming md, phd phan 3,0 2,5 2,5 2,6 3,5<br />
5 Bit con phai nghe theo y minh 2,8 2,7 2,9 3,6 3,4<br />
6 Hay khen ngpi con 3,2 2,9 3,0 3,0 2,7<br />
7 Danh gia con thip 2,0 2,0 2,2 2,7 2,5<br />
<br />
8 Thudng xuyen Irao ddi, thao luan 3,0<br />
3,0 3,4 3,4 2,8<br />
vdi con<br />
Ling nghe va tdn trong y kidn 3,6 3,7 3,6 2,8 3,1<br />
9<br />
cua con<br />
10 Nghidm khic vdi coii 3,0 3,3 3,6 3,5 3,7<br />
Khdng CO thdi gian de quan tim 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,0 2,3<br />
11<br />
ddn con<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
TAP CHi TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4, - 2012 49<br />
Nhdm cha me cd trinh dp dai hpc "kidm soit con chit che", "yeu ciu<br />
cao d con", "nghiem khic vdi con" ,"hay ming md phe phin", "bit con phii<br />
nghe theo y minh" nhidu ban so vdi nhdm cha me cd trinh dd tidu hpc.<br />
Ngupc lai, nhdm cha me cd trinh dd tidu hpc "quan tim, tinh cim vdi<br />
con", "khen con", "ling nghe vi tdn trpng f kidn cia con" hon so vdi nhdm cha<br />
me cd trinh dp dai hpc.<br />
Tuy nhien, thd'ng ke cung cho thi'y mdt sd uu thd cua cic con thudc<br />
nhdm cha me cd trinh dp dai hpc: Kdt qui hpc tip cua cic con (theo dinh gii<br />
cua cd giio) thudc nhdm ciia me cd tnnh dd dai hpc cao hPn (3,0 so vdi 2,4);<br />
cic con cd hinh vi vi pham phip luit thudc nhdm cha me cd trinh dd dai hpc<br />
thip hon (1,4 so vdi 3,0) so vdi cic con thupc nhdm cha me cd trinh dd tidu hpc<br />
(theo dinh gii cia cha me).<br />
Ri't cd thd, cic cha me cd trinh dp dai hpc mong mudn con cung phii<br />
dat trinh dp nhu minh vi hidu ring, dd dat muc tidu dd cin cd su nd luc cao hon<br />
cac ban cing trang lia. Vi viy, hp thudng ydu ciu cao d con vi nghidm khic<br />
vdi con ban. Vide cac con cua hp cd kdt qui hpc tdt ban va ft cd nhttng hanh vi<br />
vi pham phap luit ban cung dit ra cho chung ta ciu hdi, viy tbi cd ndn yeu ciu<br />
cao d con va bit con phii lam theo y minh hay khdng? Nghiem khic vdi con tdi<br />
mic dp nao thi via?<br />
<br />
Bdng 4: Mdt sdedeh dng xdciia cha me vdi eon khdc nhau Iheo gidi tinh<br />
<br />
<br />
Cach umg x i cua cha me Giii tfnh Gii tri Dp lech Micy<br />
cua con trung binh chuin nghia<br />
Kidm soit con chat che Nam 3,45 0,93<br />
0,04<br />
Ni 3,68 0,81<br />
Yeu ciu cao d con Nam 3,34 0,78<br />
0,01<br />
Nu 3,08 0,90<br />
Hay khen ngpi con Nam 3,19 0,86<br />
0,00<br />
Ntt 2,87 0,85<br />
<br />
<br />
Qua phdng vin siu, ching tdi thiy cic gia tri, chuin muc, mic dd an<br />
toan trong mdi tru&ng van hda xa hdi cung la mdt trong nhttng ydu td inh<br />
budng ddn cich giio due con. Vf du, thi dd dgi hpe li mdt gia tri xa hdi da tao<br />
<br />
<br />
50 TAP CHfTAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4 - 2012<br />
sic dp khidn cac bic cha me "ydu ciu cao d con"; te ngn xa hdi la mdt nguy co<br />
rinh rip khid'n nhidu bic cha me phii "kidm soit con chit che"; ban nhiiu cdng<br />
viec trong thdi budi kinh td thi trudng khid'n mdt sd cha me "khdng cd thdi gian<br />
quan tim dd'n con"...<br />
Nd'u so sinh mic dd ddc doin va din chi trong phong cich giio due<br />
cia cha me vdi con trai va con gii, tbi cha me ddc doin vdi con trai d mic cao<br />
hon (p = 0,001). Tuy nhidn, khi so sinh ing x i cua cha me vdi con trai, con gii<br />
d cic mdnh dd ridng le, ching tdi nhin thi'y mdt sd khic bidt cd f nghia nhu<br />
sau:<br />
Cic sd lidu d bing 4 cho thi'y, nhttng tre nam thudng dupe khen ngpi,<br />
khfch 16 nhidu ban vi cha me cung cd nhttng yeu ciu d tre nam cao hon, cdn<br />
cic em ntt bj kidm soit chat che ban. Didu niy cd thd xuit phit t i quan didm<br />
truydn thdng trong cic gia dinh coi trpng con trai ban con gii. Nhing tre nam<br />
duoc khfch le nhidu hon vi cha me cung cd nhttng yeu ciu d tre nam cao bon vi<br />
cic em se li nhttng ngudi quan ttpng trong gia dinh, ddng hp. Viec cic em nam<br />
dupe tu do hon, con cic em ntt bj kidm soit chit che hon cd thd cd 2 ly do: Tbi<br />
nhi't la, ngoii viec hpc, cic em ntt phii cd trich nhiem nhidu hpn trong cic<br />
cdng vide ndi trp gia dinh; Thi hai li, bin qui cua nhttng mdi quan hd tinh yeu,<br />
linh due tudi vi thanh nien ddi vdi cic em gii nang nd ban rit nhidu so vdi cic<br />
em trai, cd le vi thd cha me thudng kidm soit cac em gii nhidu ban.<br />
<br />
Bdng 5: Mdt sdkhdc biil trpng cdch ling xic cita cha me vdi con ddu<br />
vd con thic hai (gid tri trung binh)<br />
<br />
T h i tu con Gia tri Do idch Micy<br />
Cach ing xii cua cha me<br />
trung binh chuan nghia<br />
Nghiem khic vdi con Con thi nhit 3,74 0,92<br />
0,04<br />
Con thi hai 3,48 0,93<br />
Hay ming md, phe phin Con thi nhit 2,80 0,95<br />
0,01<br />
Con thi hai 2,43 1,00<br />
<br />
<br />
Nhin chung, khdng cd su khac bidt trong phong cich giio due cua cha<br />
me vdi con diu vi con thi bai. 'Tuy nhidn, cd su khic bidt cd f nghia d mdt sd<br />
cich ing x i ridng le cua cha me vdi con diu va con tbi hai.<br />
<br />
3. Anh hirdng ciia phong each giio due ddi vdi con tudi vj thanh nien<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
TAP CHfTAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4 - 2012 51<br />
- Anh hudng Idi ttx ddnh gid cua crm<br />
Tim hidu tuong quan giia phong cich giio due din chi vi ddc doin cua<br />
cha me vdi ttr dinh gii cia trd, ching tdi thu dupe kdt qui nhu sau: cd sit tucmg<br />
quan nghich vd khd rd nil giia mic dd ddc doin cua cha me vdi mic dd tu<br />
danh gii cua tre vd vai tr6 vi vj thd cua minh trong gia dinh (r = - 0,342, vdi<br />
p = 0,000). Ngupc lai, cd sii tuang quan thudn gitta mic dd din chi cua cha me<br />
vdi mic dd tu dinh gii cia tre vd ITnh vuc niy (r = 0,343 vdi p = 0,000).<br />
Phin tich hdi qui cho thiy ro ring, phong cich ddc doin cd inh hudng<br />
tidu cue ddn tu dinh gii cua tre vd vai trd vi vj thd cia minh trong gia dinh<br />
(R = 0,345, R Square = 0,119, p = 0,000). Tre thudng nghi ring minh Id ganh<br />
ndng cho gia dinh; cam thdy thU&ng xuyin bi chi trdeh trong khi khdng ddng bi<br />
nhu the; cdm thdy mpi ngudi Irong gia dinh khdng quan Idm din Ire; cdm thdy<br />
minh Id ngudi thda trong gia dinh; ludn co cdm tudng Id mpi ngUdi trong gia<br />
dinh thich nhiing ngu&i khdc han; tin Id gia dinh se tdt han khi khdng co Ire;<br />
cdm thdy minh Id dd bd di; vd ihich d trong mdt gia dinh khde hem.<br />
Kd't qua nghidn ciu cung cho thi'y, cha me cd phong cich din chu thi<br />
con hp thu&ng cim thi'y minh ed vi Iri quan trpng Irong gia dinh; cam thdy bd<br />
me diu hieu minh; cdm thdy duac mgi ngu&i quan tdm, yeu thucmg; cdm thdy<br />
gia dinh lif hdo vi minh; ludn cdm thdy thodi mdi trong gia dinh; vd hdi Idng ve<br />
gia dinh cda minh.<br />
Ngoai ra, phong cich giio due cdn cd inh hudng tdi tu dinh gii cua tre<br />
d mpt sd ITnh vuc khic, nhung mic dp anh hudng khdng manh. Vf du, phong<br />
each giio due dpc doin cd anh hudng tidu cue tdi tu dinh gii cia tre vd vai trd<br />
vi vj thd cia minh trong nhdm ban. Cdc em thudng cdm thdy c6 dan trong<br />
nhdm, hay cdi nhau vd it duac ede bgn Irong nhom hoi y kie'n. Ngupc lai, tre cd<br />
cha me din chi thudng tu dinh gii minh li ngudi cd uy tin trong nhdm ban,<br />
duac bgn be quy men vd tin ludng.<br />
- Anh hu&ng t&i tinh cdch ciia con<br />
Nhu da ndu d phin trdn, cha me thudng nghidm khic vi hay ming md,<br />
phd phin dia con thi nhit hon. Didu niy inh hudng dd'n die didm tinh cich<br />
cua cic con nhu thd nio?<br />
Khio sit dinh gii cia cha me vi con cii vd mdt sd die didm nhin cich,<br />
tinh cich cua chfnh cic em, ching tdi thiy ring, xdt trung binh vd mit thd'ng<br />
kd, cha me dinh gii dia con t h i hai cd khi ning thi'ch ing tdt hon, tu tin<br />
ban va cd suy nghi tfch cue ban. Bin thin tre la con t h i hai cung tu dinli gii<br />
minh cd khi ning thfch ing tdt hon so vdi nhdm tre la con t h i nhit. Ngoai ra,<br />
nhttng tre li con tbi nhit thudng "khd chju vdi su ciin doin", "khdng nghe ldi<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
52 TAP CHfTAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4-2012<br />
ngudi ldn", "de cd nhttng hanh vi kfch ddng", "tu dinh gii bin thin thip" ban<br />
so vdi con t h i hai.<br />
Tai sao cha me bay ming md, phe phin dia con thi nhit nhidu hon con<br />
thi hai vi tai sao cd su khac biet gitta mdt sd die didm tfnh cich nhu viy? Theo<br />
ching tdi, khi mdi cd dia con diu tidn, cha me chua cd kinh nghidm nudi day<br />
con, chua hidu nhttng didn bidn tim sinh ly cia con, din ddn nhitng ing x i<br />
khdng phi hpp, bay ming md con. Vi bj ming nhidu, dia con thu&ng khd chju,<br />
khdng nghe l&i cha me, dd ndi ciu. Them vio dd, khi gia dinh cd dia tre thi<br />
hai thi dia con t h i nhi't cung ft dupe quan tim vi hay bj sai khidn nhidu hon.<br />
Didu nay cing lam cho dia con thi nhit dd cd nhttng phin ing tieu cue hon ddi<br />
vdi su ming md vi yeu ciu cua ngudi ldn.<br />
Kd't qui nghidn ciu cung cho thi'y, mdt sd cich giio due cua cha me cd<br />
tic ddng inh hudng kha manh ddn die didm tfnh cich cia con ndi chung. Vf du;<br />
Khi cha me thudng xuydn "ling nghe, tdn trpng nhing y kid'n cua con"<br />
va "ludn khich Id, ing hp con cii" tbi con hp "cd khi ning lim chi bin thin"<br />
tdt ban (vdi R = 0,307, R Square = 0,095, p < 0,01, bd sd p lin luot la 0,170 vi<br />
0,186).<br />
Khi cha me "khdng cd thdi gian dd quan tim dd'n con" va "bay ming<br />
md, phd phin" thi con thudng "khdng nghe ldi ngudi ldn" (vdi R = 0,355,<br />
R Square = 0,098, p < 0,01, he sd p lin lupt la 0,170 vi 0,255).<br />
Khi cha me "ft kbi bieu 16 su khfch Id" vi "hay ming md, phd phin" tbi<br />
con hp dd "cd tfnh giy gd" (vdi R = 0,256, R Square = 0,07, p < 0,01, he sd p<br />
lin lupt li 0,133 v i 0,183).<br />
Khi cha me "it kidm soit" vi "hay khen ngpi" tbi con hp thu&ng "cd<br />
tfnh sing tao" ban (vdi R = 0,339, R Square = 0,115, p < 0,01, hd sd p lin lupt<br />
la 0,202 vi 0,245) v.v...<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
s Cha m? c6 cich giio<br />
due thdng nhit<br />
• Cha m? c6 cich giio<br />
dgc thdng nhit m^t phin<br />
D Cha m? c6 cich giio<br />
dMC ifh&ng thdng nhit<br />
<br />
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<br />
Bieu dd 1: Ti li gia dinh v&i ede mdc thdng nhdt trang each pao due con<br />
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TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4-2012 53<br />
Tim hieu su thd'ng nhit trong cich giio due con gitta cha va me, chung<br />
tdi thu dupe kd't qui nhu sau, trong sd 256 gia dinh dupe didu tra thi 25% cip<br />
cha me cd cich giio due con thdng nhi't vdi nhau, 16% - khdng thd'ng nhit vdi<br />
nhau, 59% - thd'ng nhit mdt phin (theo dinh gii cua cha me vi cic con).<br />
So sinh die didm tfnh cich cua trd trong bai nhdm gia dinh thdng nhit<br />
vi khdng thd'ng nhi't cho thi'y cd nhttng khic bidt ding chi f. Khi cha me<br />
khdng thd'ng nhit trong cich giio due con thi con hp thu&ng "khdng nghe ldi<br />
ngudi ldn", "khd chju vdi su cim doin", "sdng khdng cd nd ndp, khdng cd ky<br />
luit", "tu dinh gii bin thin thip", "cic ky ning xa h(5i kdm", "hay lo iu, cing<br />
thing" nhidu hon.<br />
Khi cha vi me thd'ng nhit trong cich giio diic con thi con hp thudng "li<br />
ngudi tu tin", "cd klia ning lim chu ban thin", "sdng vui ve, cdi md vdi mpi<br />
ngudi xung quanh" d mic cao hon.<br />
Tdm lai<br />
Hai phong cich giio due chidm ti Id cao nhit d cic bic cha me li phong<br />
cich din chi va phong cich ddc doin. Khi cha me din chi thi con hp thu&ng<br />
tu tin, cd khi ning lim chi bin thin, cim thiy dupe ydu thuang, dupe tdn<br />
trpng. Cic em cung tu danh gii vd vj thd cua minh trong gia dinh cttng nhu<br />
trong nhdm ban cao bon. Ngupc lai, cha me ddc doin giy cho tre cam giic vd<br />
tfch su vi khdng duoc ydu thuong. Cic em thu&ng tu dinh gii bin thin thip vi<br />
khdng tu tin.<br />
Phong cich giio due cua cha me hiu nhu khdng phu thudc vio trinh dd<br />
hpc vi'n cua hp. 6 trinh dp hpc vin nao cung cd ngudi din chi, cd ngu&i ddc<br />
doin. Tuy nhidn, cic bic cha me trinh dd dai hpc cd xu hudng ydu ciu cao 6<br />
con va bit con phii nghe theo y minh nhidu hon so vdi nhdm cha me cd trinh<br />
dp bpc vin thip.<br />
Ngoii ra, sir thdng nhit trong cich giio due con gitta cha va me li mdt<br />
trong nhttng ydu td cd inh hudng rit tfch cue ddi vdi su hinh thinh v i phit tridn<br />
tfnh cich cua con.<br />
Trdn diy li nhttng kdt qui nghien ciu budc diu vd phong cich giio due<br />
cua cha me va inh hudng cia nd ddi vdi con tudi vi thinh nien. Chung tdi hy<br />
vpng se cd cic nghien cihi tidp theo dd tri ldi cho ciu hdi "phong each giio due<br />
nio li phi hpp nhit, cd lpi nhit cho su phit tridn nhin each tre vi thinh nien<br />
trong bdi cinh vin hda xa hdi Viet Nam hien nay?"<br />
<br />
Tai lieu tham khao<br />
1. D. Baumrind, The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and<br />
substance use, Joumal of Early Adolescence 11 (1), 1991, 56.<br />
<br />
<br />
54 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4 - 2012<br />
2. J.C. Grace, B. Don, Human development. Ninth Edition, Prentice Hall, 2002.<br />
3. R.S. David, Developmental psychology Childhood and Adolescence., Sixth Edition,<br />
Wadsworth, Thomson Leammg Inc., 2002.<br />
4. Truong Thj Khanh Ha, Phong cdch gido due cua cha me. Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hdi<br />
vi Nhin van. Tap 27, Sd 3, 2011, trang 162 -169.<br />
5. Td chic Plan tai Viet Nam, Phuang phdp ky ludt Uch cue, Tai lidu hudng din cho<br />
tip huih vien, 2009.<br />
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TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4-2012 55<br />