Phương pháp lập bản vẽ thiết kế ứng dụng Autocad 2000: Phần 2

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Nối tiếp nội dung phần 1, phần 2 cuốn sách "Sử dụng Autocad 2000 lập bản vẽ thiết kế" trình bày các nội dung: Hướng dẫn vẽ hình chiếu thẳng góc và hình chiếu trục đo, ghi văn bản vào bản vẽ, gạch mặt cắt; ghi kích thước, tạo lớp để quản lý bản vẽ, tạo khối và chèn khối, tham khảo ngoài bản vẽ, liên kết và nhúng đối tượng.... Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo nội dung chi tiết.

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116 Chtronq 7: Dieu khi~n man hinh quan sat ban ve 7.5. LENH REDRAW CHUONC8 Neu ban dat bien Blipmodeefj Blip"+"; con bien B1ipmode=OFF N thi khi nhap diem tren man hinh de lai dau thi khong de lai dau Blip tren man hinh. Lenh Redraw HUONG DAN VE HINH CHIEU THANG GOC vA sc ve lai ban ve trong khun nhIn don thai xmi dau Bli di. Nh~ lenh: HINH CHIEU TRl)C DO 1). Pull-down menu: View> Redraw 2). Go lenh: Redraw (R) 8.1. CACH VE cAc HINH CHIEU THANG GOC Tren ban ve thiet ke co the gam nhieu hinh chieu hlnh chieu dung, hinh chieu bang, : 7.6. DRAG MODE hinh chieu canh, hinh chieu tlr trai, hinh chieu tir duoi. ,.. Cac hinh chieu do phai duoc sap ACAD eho phcp keo le (Drag) mot so doi nrong ve tren man hinh dong thai hien ra , xep sao eho 'co su lien h¢ dong dung va dong ngang voi nhau. e Jam dieu do ta can sir D cac doi lU\1J1gdo bang mau white de b'.111 quan sat duoc qua trinh keo le, Ban co the dieu dung cac lenh sau: Ortho, Object snap, Ray, Xline, Point Filter, Polar Tracking, khien che do mo hay tat DRAG nhu sau: Offset ... nhu trinh bay duoi day. Command: dragmode 8.1.1. Dung Point Filter: (xem lai chuong 3, muc 3.2.1 j ON/OFF/Auto< ...>: (Cl19n ON: kco le duoc, OFF: bo che d¢ keo le, Auto: De xac dinh roa do 1 diem ta co the dua vao tO~1 cac diem da co bang cong cu IQc do Che do leo le ur dong khi can). toa do diem(P~int Filter). Khi AutoCAD yeu cau nhap diem, ta goi Point Filter bang cac each nhu sau: 7.7. BIEN VIEWRES HI~N DUONG TRON, CUNG TRON , j),C6 I'({O d('mg II/uk nluip diem: .X hoacY hoac .XY, .YZ, ... Lenh nay dung de d~t che do ZOOM nhanh va de dat che do phan giai cho duong , 2).sIIOr!Cll( menu Osnap: an phim Shift + phim phai chuot se hien ra hop thoai tron. Duong tron duoc vc boi da giac dcu(Polygon), bien VIEWRES dinh so canh cua Shortcut menu Osnap chua Point Filter. Polygon, tang so canh cang Ion thl duong tron cang min. AutoCAD 2000 cho phep so canh * Vi du: cho hinh chieu bang cua vat the, hay vc hinh chieu dung bang each Slr la tir 1..,.20.000. dung Point Filter (hinh 8.1). Command: viewrcs a- Ve dirong 1234: Do you want fast Zoom? [Yes/Noj]-cY>: .J Command: Line Enter circle zoom percent (1-2000) : 1000 Specify first point: .X ~ of INT x cua diem A> Vi du 6 hinh 7.11a, so canh da giac Ia 20, hinh 7.11b chon so canh la 1000, ta thay r6 Needf YZ): do min cua 2 duong tron rat khac nhau . Specify next point or[undo]: .X.J of END Need(YZ): Specify next point or[undo]: @0,20 Specify next point or[undo]: .X ~ of CEN Need(YZ): Specify next point orr undo]: .J 5 6 Hlnh chiell dung 4 / 3 ~--------------------------~ 1 a).So c
118 ChLtdng8 :HLtdngd~n ve hinh chleu th~ng goc va hinh chieu true do SLrdl;lng AutoCAD 119 b- Vc duong 1567: 8.1.3. Dung OFFSET Command: Line Ta cung co the dung lenh Offset tao cacearth song song tren hinh chieu can vc. Specify first point: END * Vi du: cho 2 hinh chieu cua V~ltthe hinh 8.4, hayvc hinh chieu canh. Needt Yz.): Specify next point orjundo]: @O,70 A,.......-,:::-----,C Need(YZ): .X.J of INT Er--G Specify next point or[undo]: @O,20 Specify next point or[undo]: .X.J of CEN -cchon toa dQ x cua giao diem C> Need(YZ): em F H Specify first point: PER B'-------'D Specify next point or[undo]: .J c- Vc dO~lI1 khuat 89: 6 Command: Line Specify first point: .X.J of INT Need(YZ): Specify next point or[undo]: Specify next point or[undo]: .J 4 Dung lenh Trim chat 2 dau thira dm.1I189. Cuoi cung dung lenh Change doi doan Hlnh 8.4 89 thanh duong drrulIidden), ta co ket qua nhu hinh 8.1. a- Ve canh AB: Command: Offset 8.1.2. Dung RAY hoac XLINE Specify offset distance or [Though]: T Dc vc cac hinh chieu tv I hinh chieu da co ta ciing co the Slr dung lenh Ray hoac Select object to offset or-cexit>: on Xlinc de (,.10 cac duong dong dung, dong ngang. Cac duong dong nay sau khi Trim se cho Specify through point: b ta cac duong bao cua hinh chieu can vc. b- Ve canh CD: * Vi du: cho hinh chieu dung va hlnh chieu ang cua V(lt the hinh 8.2, suodung b Command: Offset lenh Ray de vc hinh chieu canh, Specify offset distance or[Though]: QUA em a- Vc dirong thang t nghieng 45° so vci true x, goi la gi« (hinh 8.2). Specify second point: QUA b- Vc cac dirong thang cau true narn ngang(Rays) di qua cac diem can thi cua 2 et Select object to offset or-cexit>: hinh chicu da chothinh 8.2). Tv cac giao diem cua cac Rays Bam ngang tv hinh Specify point on side to offset: b chicu bang voi gia t, ta ve cac Rays thang dung. c- Ve cac doan EF, GH: c- Dung lenh Trim de chat cac doan thira cua cac Rays do. Cu6i cung ta hieu chinh Command: Offset va thay d6i sc co ket qua nhu hinh 8.3. Specify offset distance or[Though]: INT em Specify second point: PER o o Select object to offset or-cexit>: Specify point on side to offset: Select object to offset or-cexit>: Specify point on side to offset: a Select object to offset or: .J l . d- Dung I¢nh Line, Arc ve them, Trim ch~t cac do~m thva va hoan chinh ban e ta v co hinh chieu c'.lnh nhu tren hlnh 8.4 . 8.1.4. Dung ket hQ'pORTHO va OSNAP Dung ket hqp Ortho va Osnap de v hinh chieu wang tl! nhu Slr dl;lng Ray, Xlinc. e 8.2. cAcH VE HINH CHIEU TRl)C DO M~lc nay ta chi str d~lI1gcac I¢nh 2D cua AutoCAD de ve hinh chieu tn,lc do cua v~t Hinh 8.2 Hinh 8.3 the. Ta lrlnh bay cach ve 2 Im hlnh chieu trl;lc do thuang dung nhat la: .li
120 Chltdng 8 :Hltdng dan ve hinh chieu th~ng g6c va hinh crueu true uo siJ dunq AutoCAD 121 1- Hinli chieu true do vuong goc deutlsometric): huong chieu vuong g6c voi 8.2.2. each ve hinh chieu true do vuong g6c deu mat phang hinh chieu, cac he so bien dang bang nhautp=q=r) (hinh 8.7) etc buoc thuc hien: 2- Hinh chieu true do xien goc(Oblique): huong chieu xien g6c so voi mat 1). Dar Snap/ON va Grid/ON va lua chon Isometric. phang hinh chi·eu. Neu 3 h so bien dang bang nhautp=q=r) ¢ goi la /IiI/II chieu 2). Dung phim t6 hop Ctrl+E chuyen con tro vao tung mat phang cir he true do t d true do vuong g(IC d(!I/; neu 2 trong 3 he so bien dang bang nhau goi la Hiuh ve vat the. Cac mat phang d6 c6 ten la: lsoplane Left, lsoplane Right, lsoplane chieu true do vuong g(IC CciII. Top (hinh 8.6). De vc hinh chieu true do trong 20, ta c6 the sir dung cac lenh Snap, Grid \'oi lua 3). Vc hinh chieu true do cua cac duon tron bang lenh Ellipse: g chon Isometric, ket hop lenh Ellipse ve hinh chieu true do cua duong tron va t6 hop phim Command: PELLIPSE Ctrl+E. Enter new value for PELLIPSE: 1 8.2.1. Dat Snap va Grid: (xern chuong 3, muc 3.4.3) Command: Ellipse TruCK khi \'c hinh chieu true do tr ng 2 chieu. ta can dat Ill'oi(Snap) V~I hicn o Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or[Are/Center/lsometric]: I (Isom etric) , luoi(Grid) voi IU'1chon Isometric bang cac each nlur sau: Specify center of isocircle: l iPull-down menu: Tool> Drafting Settings> Hop thoai Drafting Settings Specify radius of isocircle or[Diameter]: (hinh .8.5) *CI111_y: I i.Khi \'e-clip tren cdc mdt kluu: 11170/1 lui» dung phim td IWp Ctrl+E ell 2).Status bar: an phim phai chuot vao nut Snap/Grid> Hop thoai Drafting CIIllY/1I COil trt) \'do mat CclII ve": Settings :2 ).B1.111 /7111()ll t(l dam clip tht truac klii I'e clip I/(/y d~'jt bieJ} PELLIPSE= 1. 3).Go lenh: Snap \I) 2000 _(A4-2000J 1!Ir.J Ef !;dlt ~iew Insert FQIIMI lools .Qraw Dimension Modify 't,!indow !:!elp Command: Snap Specify snap spacing or[ON/OFF/Aspec!Rotate/Style(Type]< ... >: S (Style) Enter snap grid style[Standard/lsometric ]: I -cchon kieu Isometric> Specify vertical spacing< ... >: 10 i Command: Grid Specify grid spacingsX> or[ON/OFF/Snap] < . . >: S ..:;.ltDrafting Settings 613 I Snap and Grid Polar Tracking I Object Snap I P ~nap On [F9} P §rid On [F7} Snap" . X Sna.!;! spacing: Snap Y spaQing: Bngle: o base: r. Gjid snap .J r R§ctangular snap r. ~.~~m.e..~.~~.·.·~~.a..e ill i]il ····[2?5,T2({H:'~~:~:.::~":'~:;:',,~'::~"::jlsNAPI·GRiD··Q.~jHQ;eQ~·QiNAeJ·QiB6~~!iwijiMODE1.· r P.Qlar nap s j~Slalll'jI~AuIOCAO 2000· IM- .. '~Ch13 . Micro,olrWord I. '[i!:a~"Gl£"5;4'2p;:t H'inh 8.6: Cae m~t Isoplane Left, Isoplalle Right, Isoplanc Top. * Vidl,l: V hlnh chieu tryc do vu c ong g6e deu eLla v~t tht(hlnh 8.7c). 1).D~t Snap, Grid: Opjions... OK II Cancel !:!elp Tren Status bar ta an phfm phai chu vao nut Snap/Grid (>i thl h(>p tho li Drafting Z Settings sc xual hi¢n(hinh8.5). B
122 Chu'dng 8 :Hu'ang d~n ve hinh ehieu th~ng goe va hinh chieu true do Slr dl}ng AutoCAD 123 2).Dung lenh Line ve de (hinh 8.7a) Specify base point or displacement, or[Multiple]: CEN of 3).Dung phim t6 hop Ctrt-E chuyen can tro vao mat Isoplane Top va lenh Ellipse Specify second point or displacement or-cuse first point as displacement>: @42: .J 5).L~nh Ellipse ve mieng 10 tru dung $36. Sau do dung Ctr'l+E chuyen can tro sang 3).Dung cac lenh hieu chinh, to darn va ghi kich thiroc ta co ket qua a hlnh 8.9c. mat lsoplane Right de ve mieng 10 $22 tren thanh trai, 6).Dung lenh Chamfer vat rnep l5x 15. Cuoi cung hieu chinh va to darn ta se co ket qua hinh 8.7c. .. a). b). c). Hinh 8.9: Ve hinh chieu true do xien dung can. a). b). c). Hinh 8.7 === * === 8.2.3. Ve hmh chieu true do xien g6c(ObJique) Hinh chieu true do xien goc co mot s6 loai : • Hinh chieu true do xien dirng can: dirong tron co hinh chieu true do tren (YZ) van la dirong tron, cac he s6 bien dang la 1/2: 1:1(hinh 8.8a). • Hinh chieu true do xien bang deu: dirong tron co hinh chieu true do tren (XY) van la dirong tron, cac he s6 bien dang la 1:1:I(hinh 8.8b). • Hinh chieu true do xien dung deu: duong tron co hinh chieu true do tren (XZ) van IAduong tron, cac he s6 bien dang la I: 1:1(hinh 8.8c). . z o o z z _L_.J--__ --=-y x ____ ~_.l 45> 4Y x x y y 1/2:1:1 1 :1:1 1 :1:1 a).HCTD xien dung can b).HCTD xien bang deu c).HCTD xien dung deu Hinh 8.8 * Vi du: ve hinh chieu true do xien dung can cua vat the nhu hinh 8.9c. 1).Ve mat tnroc cua v~t the (hinh 8.9a). 2).Dung lenh Copy de tao mat sau, lenh Line n6i cac dinh nrong irng cua mat truce voi mat sau (hinh 8.9b): '. Command: Copy Select objects: Select objects: .J
sil d\lng AutoCAD 2000 125 CHUONG9 .d Boundary Hatch GA.CH M~T CAT Quick Advanced I:.; ;,';: Cac ban ve thiet ke cua chi tiet may thuong bao gom cac mat cat tren cac hinh cu bi dien. AutoCAD sir dung enh HATCH hoac BHA TCH de vc ky hieu v~lt lieu tren mat car, l hoac to trang trf tren b mat vat th0. Mien to thuong Iii mi n kin. Cac mau gach S ~ e 9C (Patterns) duoc clura trong file acad.pat Lenh BHATCH (Boundary Hatch) dung cac h¢p . thoai de ban lua chon mau gach kieu gach va mien gach , . r;Objecltype .. '~':'__-:":"'""--"-'~'---"-"":'~;"-'~;'---;;j 9.1. TRINH Tl)'THl)'C HI~N GACH 1VI~TCAT Khi thuc hien gach mat cat, cluing ta phai xac dinh ba van de sau : 1 I r)ohd!ne 3J r Re!ain boundaries I 1. Chon kieu g'.lch(Stype): Normal, Outer, Ignore (hinh 9.1) [' Boundary set __ ' ..' : ,' ! Q:J. I Ic~rrent viewport il•. N.&w ~.. ~••:., •.••.••~ ••.•••_ ••_ •..• _._••••••~.••_•...•~.,.;.,;.,._,.• . .~ ••,,~: .•. .. I •••.••••_ ...... ...... ,... __ ._,., ••• ,•••,••~,~ ••"' ....J " ... ilslend detection method ~-··,c.,..·--·'··':7···--···;·+-·'! ! ..... I • ·• ·.i-C00~~$ition:-~· ••. L.: ..,1 .· ; 1 ·a·-Flood:· ~:. ,,' i 1 - ! i' (0" 8ssociatiY~ I Honassodalive I r: Normal Out er Ignor e Hinh 9.1: Kieu gach mat cat V(lt lieu. 2. Chon mau g'.lch(Pattern): Predefined: theo mau co san trong tep acad.Pnl' (hinh 9.3) Custom: thea mau diroc tao rieng chua trong ep co duoi .PA T dar trong t Cac lira chon khac: rhu muc SUPPORT cua AutoCAD - Object type: neu ban chon 0 User-defined: chon thea mau dan gian gom cac duong thang nghieng deu , Retain boundaries, sc . khi gach mat cat thi ta chi cho khoang each giU"a cac dU0ng(Spacillg) V~I cho goc d6i urong diroc giu lai se la Region ho Hatch> Hop thoai Boundary Hatch 3}.Toolhar: + Ray casting: do tim drrong Draw> nut Hatch> Hop thoai Boundary Hatch bien tir diem ta chon thea chi u ngiroc chieu e , Tren h(lp thoi;li Boundary Hatch c6 2 trang Quick va Advanced. kim dong ho. Neu 'diem chon 6 trong dirong bien do th~y ~~l d.U0~g bie~ duoc chon; n~~, diem chon 6 ngoai dirong bien do thay thl hien thong bao Point IS outside of bOlll1daJ y 1. Bu6c 1: chon ki{;u gach (STYLE) b~n can Pick point ii;li. Tren h(lp tho
126 ChLfdng 9: Gach m~t cat Slt dl:lng AutoCAD 2000 127 ......Boundary Hatch DEl Ban an con tro vao 1 mau va an 0K. Khi do hop thoai Hatch Pattern Palette dong lai, B~~ cho goc nghieng vao 6 Angle, va eho khoang each giiia cac dirong gach vao 6 Scale. iJ' * Chu y: nell ban dd d(it dan vi la milimetimm) thi cdn tang ty I¢ Scale =20. 22 ... f~~ter~:J ANSl31 ::Jd· 3. BlIoc3: chon mien gach ~'wll\~W'"m~"'''''''' Co hai each chon mien gach: Pick point, Select Objects ( hai nut nay narn 0 ben ·f.:C.H1i?r6i2.~!\le:J'
128 Chltdng 9: G~ch m~t cat sit dl;lng AutoCAD 2000 129 Preyiew Hinh 9.6 Hlnh 9.7 5. Vi du gach mat cat vat lieu a) Truce Hatch. b) Sau Hatch. * Vi du 1: cho hinh 9.8a, hay gach cac mat cat cua ba chi tier may 1,2,3 d~ diroc Hinh 9.9 ker qua nhir hlnh 9.8b. 9.3. LENH HATCH G~ch mat cat bang lenh Hatch thi AutoCAD dira ra cac dong nhac lenh. Thirc ~i¢n lenh Ha'tch thi mat cat se khong lien ket voi duong bien(Nonassociative) va khong the do tim (Ray casting ~etllOd) voi Pick point d~ xac ~inh d~oog bien: _ , * Vi du J: sir dung lenh Hatch ve mat cat vat lieu cho hlnh ve sau (hinh 9.10). a). b). Hinh 9.8 + Bmrc 1: chon kieu gach la Normal a) Tnroc Hatch. b) Sau Hatch. Hinh 9.10 Command: Bhatch (hoac Toolbars Draw, hoac Pull-down menu) Command: Hatch _ Hop thoai Boundary Hatch hien ra, ta chon trang Advanced (hinh 9.2), sau do chon Style la Normal. ..> Enter a pattern name or[?/Solid!User defined]< ... >: ANSI31 (ten mau gach) Specify a scale for the pattern: 24 (t~ l¢ g~~~) , + Buoc 2: chon mau g~ch(P([ttern) la ANS131 M gach mat cat cho chi tiet 1,2; I chon mau ANSI37 d~ gach mat cat cho chi tier 3. Specify an angle for the pattem-Odu'>: .0 (goc nghieng duong gach) Select objects to define hatch boundary orxdirect hatch>: Tren hop thoai Boundary Hatch, ta cJ19n trang Quick (hinh 9.3), sau do chon mau gach la ANSI31, Allgle=O, 5cale=30 d6 gach mat cat chi tiet 1. Select objects: ...... + Buck 3: chon mien gach Tren hop thoai Boundary Hatch, ta chon nut Pick point va chi ra cac diem 6 ben * Chti thich: lenh Hatch co them lila chon Direct Hatch. Thay vi chon cac d6i tuong lam bien, Direct Hatch cho phep ta cho cac diem xac dinh dtrong bien kin la dirong trong mien can gach cua chi tier I (xem hinh 9.8a). Sau khi an ENTER, hien lai hop thoai Boundary Hatch, an chuot vao nut Preview xem thir, neu dong y ban an OK. Plinetvi: dirong bien sau do gach). ? A_ , Tuong tv cac buoc nhir tren, ban gach mat cat cho chi tiet 2,3. Ket qua la hinh 9.8b * Vi du 4: sir dung lila chon Direct Hatch cua lenh Hatch de ve bac thang va gach mat cat (hinh 9.11). . - Command: Hatch * Vi du 2: cho hinh 9.9a, hay gach trang trf be mat cho mai ngoi va nrong nha M Enter a pattern name or[?ISolid!User-defined]< ... >: AR-CONC (ten mau gach) duoc ket qua nhu hinh 9.9b. + Buoc 1: chon kieu gach la Normal nhu 6 vi du 1. Specify a scale for the pattern< >: 2 (ty I? g~Ch!A , Specify an angle for the pattern< >: 0 (go~ nghieng dirong gach) + Burrc 2: wang tv nhir vf du 1, chon rnau gach la AR-RSHKE (ngoi) va AR-B816 (gach), cho Allgle=O va 5C(lI('=22. Select objects to defined hatch boundary or-cdirect hatch>. + Biroc 3: c119nbien gach urong tu vi du 1. Ket qua gach cho nhu hinh 9.9b. Select objects: .J (enter d~ chuyen sang che d¢ Direct Hatch)
130 Chlldng . . 9: Gach mat c~t Slt dlJng AutoCAD 2000 131 120 * Ghi chit: mdu gach HBETON Utren va cdc mdu khac theo tieu chudn Vi¢t Namikhong co trong AutoCAD) duoc tao ra va cai d{itbOitac gid. Ne'u ban cdn hay lien ,--- PI P2 h¢ vOi tac gid Nguyen Van Hie'n(fJT: 8693418NR). . 9.4. HIEU CHiNH MAT CAT (HATCHEDIT) . P7 .;.: •. ' P3 9.4.1. Hieu chinh bang lenh Hatchedit :':1" .~ .. . M;)t cat dii duqc g~ch, dung l~nh Hatchedit co th~ hi~u chinh duqc. G9i l¢nh: ,,: '~ ': . ..~. 1).Gol¢nh: Hatchedit o o ... " '4. , 2).Pull-down menu: Modify> Hatch ... > H(>ptho
132 ChLtdng 9: G~ch mat cat . ( CHUONG 10 GHI KICH THUOC 10.1.cAc THANH PHAN CVA KicH THlfOC Mot kich thuoc thtrong bao gam ba thanh phan sau day: 1- Duong dong(Extension line): la cac dirong d6ng tir cac diem goc cua hinh ve • ByL~yer o ra. Thong thirong dirong d6ng ke vuong g6e voi doan can ghi kich thiroc (hlnh 1O.1a), Linetype --ByLayer Nhung e6 th~ dung lenh Dimedit d~ hieu chinh dirong d6ng xien di 1 g6e(hinh 10.1 b), Linetype scale 1.00 Plotstyle --ByLayer Dim~on.Jine /imension text 46 I 94 ~xtention line ! i----, l Predefined Pattern name BRICK 82 90dO' 22.00 0.00 ~ II AR·BRELM ~ AR·BRSTD AR·CONC a). Hlnh 10.1 b). 2- Dtrcng kfch thuO'c(Dimension line): dirong kich thuoc la duong diroc gioi han m ill fi AR·PARQ1 AR·RROOF ~ AR-RSHKE boi 2 mili ten 6' 2 dau d~ chi vao 2 dirong d6ng(hinh 10.1); cling e6 twang hop chi e6 1 mili tenihlnh 1O.2a). Duong kich thiroc do g6e la eung tron e6 tam 6' dinh g6e(hinh 1O.2b), 3- Chfr so kich thuO'c(Dimension text): chu s6 kich thuoc th~ hien d¢ 100 cua vat th~. N6 khong phu thuoc vao ty I~ ve, Tren ban ve thiet ke quy dinh dung don vi do do dai Hlnh 9.13 la milimetimm) va khong diroc ghi vao ban ve. C6 th~ ghi dung sai(Tolerance) sau chft s6 kich tlurocthinh 10.2e). 1il24.., I-:~-I 0,021-1 t----i === * === '1 j a). b). c). Hinh 10.2 ",? '" "...." A"" , 10.2.T~O KIEU GHI KICH THlfOC VA CAC BIEN KICH THlfOC Truce khi ghi kich thiroc ta can t
Slt dyng AutoCAD 2000 135 134 Chltdng 10: Ghi kich thltoc JNew Dimension Style. Dim-MEeHl DEi 10.2.1. Trinh tu tao kieu ghi kich thuoc moo li!t;:~1I~[il'~~::\;1 pt~4~1 ~~tJ~lto&ii~1 l).Mo Hop thoai Dimension Style Manager l t.Pull-down menu: rO.~L~',"+'f:7~''';t·-, . ·1""'-_---""'1·..· . 31"": 1:-""'--""'-""'-""' ........ 41"" .l:~~\·':} />1- ByBlock SOfi .. +Dimensionc-Style> Hop thoai Dimension Style Manager(hlnh 10.3) +Format> Dimension Style> Hop thoai Dimension Style Manager ..:~~~: 1- ...cCk...;....;..._i01:J~..... ByBIO.• ~ + c..... ······IO· .........• ~ ..... ( ········~ \·.... .. , E~t"'!ldbe)'Ond tickS; ~..:.J ~ 2). Toolbar: nut Dimension Style: ~~l > Hop thoai Dimension Style Manager , Bptirle ;paci1g: Ie 3).Go lenh: DimStyle > Hop thoai Dimension Style Manager " ?~~.~$; r~~~},£Fo~~* ~/. ._ '\/ , "''' '''''''''~- .... '"'1 r~!QWbead~····;··::::·:::: :;;:.:::::::::::::::=::::::i;": .. ..:::- -:·'.. ;:: ~ -: - ..;$Dimension Style Manager 6EI ! CoIOI: ,_ ByBlock H t~:.. •....'..C_lo_sed_f'_Ued fi1 .... __;:il:;-.::. >,'~' ': : l~~~ I .. 05~ mm B ,.~, . ,... __ __..---.;-..,B fi1_.C_lo_sed_iI_ued ;r~~.3'~I1: i::&r. .~ CurrentDimstyle: Standard ".':: ",-,§:tyles: ~~evi~~ .••. 01: ISO-2i5 ;:;.;r;---..o...;---..o...;---..o...~~::""';;_'···········.'';:.,~;,.:t.:.~,. .~. 14-'---'-~~' : ~~~. ~ ~Mt_:~ C.:~.L~~_ i_:~ I..:"~.Mor~ _;1_5 J il' Hinh 10.5: HQp thoai New Dimension Style. a-Trang Lines and Arrows Gan cac bien cho duong kich thuoc, duong dong va mfii ten (hinh 10.5): - Dimension Lines: +Color: gan mau +Lineweight: be rong net +Extend beyond ticks: d(>dai netgach cheo thay mui ten +Baseline Spacing: khoang each cac duong kich thuoc song songnhau Close. . !:ielp +Suppress: giau di rnui ten thu 1 hay thu 2. - Extention Lines: Hop thoai Dimension Style Manager. +Extend beyond dim line: khoang each keodai them cua duong dong 2).ChQn nut NEW tren hop thoai Dimension Style Manager + Offset From Origin: khe ha giCi'aduong dong va di~m goc se hien ra hop thoai Create New Dimension Style (hinh 10.4). - Arrowheads: kieu mui ten, kfch thuoc miii ten(Arrow size). - Center maks for circles: ,",""Create New Dimension Style 6EJ +Type: danh dau tamt Mark) hay dirong tam (Line) H~wStyleNam~: IDim-MEeHl +Size: kfch thuoc cua chung.' . b- Trang Text: tirong tu gan cac bien lien. quan den chir so.kf~h thuocrhinh 10_6). §:tartWith: IISO.25 ::.pthoi;liNew Dimension Style (hlnh 10.5). - Text Alignment: Tren h'(>ptho
136 Chltdng 10: Ghi kich thircc Slt dl;lng AutoCAD 2000 137 +150 Standard: viet thea tieu chuan ISO. - Text Placement: +Bcside the Dimension ine: dat chir s6 sang ben canh duong kich thuoc. + Over the Dimension Line, with a Leather: vi trf text tren duong kfch thiroc a voi duong dan. +O\'et" the Dimension Line, Withollt a Leader: vi tri text tren duong kfch a thuoc va khong co duong dan. \\~, - Scale for Dimension Feature: ty I¢ chung cho cac bien theo mac dinh la I. \ ~/'\\, - Fine Tuning: duong dong. +Always Draw Dim Line Between Ext Line: luon vc duong kfch thuoc giira cac 7 ... : +Place Text Manually When Dimensioning: dat vi trf text bang tay khi ghi kich thuoc. d- Trang Primary Units: (hinh 10.8) Gan dan vi do do daitl.inear Dimensions). dan vi do goc(Angular Dimensions) va de) chinh xac ciing nhir tien to(Prefixes), hau t6(Suffixes). Tren hinh 10.8 ta dii chon cac bien dan vi nhu sau: - Linear Dimension: +Unlt Format: chon dan vi do do dai la Decimal theo TCVN. -Precision: gan s6' chtr s6 thap phan co nghia la 0(0 lay s6 so le sau dau phay). +Fraction Format: dinh dang cho phan so. HinhlO.6: Trang Text. +Round ofT gan quy tac Him tron s6. VI du ta cho gia tri I~l thl AutoCAD se i c- Trang Fit: dieu khien cac dirong kfch thuoc, mui ten, chir so kich thuoc so voi lam tron den s6 nguyen gan nhat. khoang each giira 2 dirong dong. Vi du tren hinh 10.7 ta dii dinh nhu sau: +Prefixl Suffix: nhap tien t6, hau to cho chir s6 kich thtrc, vi du ~40 H7/P6. - Fit Option: - Measurement Scale: + Either the text or the arrow.whichever fits best: hoac text hoac cac miii ten +Scale Factor: gan ty i~do chieu dai ella khoang each ghi kfch tlnroc, vi du: d~t sao cho tot nhat, gan ty I¢ 10 thi kfch thuoc ghi se bang 10 Ian kfch thuoc vc(gia ~lr ve 150 mm thi kich + Suppress Arrow If They Don't Fit inside Extension Lines: giau cac mili ten thuoc duoc ghi la 1500 mm); neu gan ty I¢ I thl kich thuoc ghi sc bang kfch thuoc ve. khi cluing khong narn vira (J ben trong cac dirong dong. ~New Dimen$ionSI~le:D,m-MEeHl IDI3 . Lineal :::J /'\ J.!nit fOlm
138 ChLfdng 10: Ghi kich thirdc Slr dl;lng AutoCAD 2000 139 +Apply to Layout Dimension Only: ap dung ty l~ chi eho cac kfch thuoc 6 2).Ch(;m nut NEW trim hop thoai Dimension Style Manager se hien ra hop thoai tren Layout. Create New Dimension Style (hinh 10.4). - Zero Suppression: Tren hop thoai nay ta nhap ten kieutv] du eho ban ve xay dung: Dim-ARC), chon +Leading: khong ghi so 0 khong co nghia 6 phia tnroc chir so kich thuoc. ki~u lam CO' s6 tao kieu kich thiroc moitvi du: ISO-25), va chon loai kich thuoc duoc ap +Trailing: khong ghi so 0 khong co nghia 6 phia sau dau phay thap phan. dung kieu moi nayrl.Iser for) la All dimension. - Angular Dimensions: 3).Dinh cac bien kich thuoc cho kieu mot nay -Units Format: gan don vi do goc la Degrees/Minutes/Seconds. D~ dinh cac bien kich thiroc ta chon nut Continue tren hop thoai Create New +Precision: gan so sole hay sochtr so thap phan co nghia. Dimension Style. luc nay hien ra hop thoai New Dimension Style (hinh 10.5). e- Trang Alternate Units: trang nay d~ gan cac don vi lien ket; gan dang va de) - Trang Line and Arrow: chon cac bien nhir hinh 10.10. chinh xac dan vi do chieu dai, goc va ty l~ cua don vi do lien ket, vf du gilra filch \'(7mm. - Trang Text: chon cac bien nhu hinh 10.6. 6- Trang Tolerance: cac bien dung sai (hinh 10.9) - Trang Fit: chon cac bien nhir hlnh 10.7. - Tolerance Format: - Trang Primary Units: chon cac bien nhu hinh 10.8. +Metliod: _Symmetrical-ghi tri so dung sai doi ximg, Deviation-ghi tri so dung - Trang Tolerance: chon None cua 0 Method. sai tren duoi khac nhau, Limits-gut gia rri cac sai lech gioi han tren va diroi, Basic- ve aNew Dimension Style: Dim-ARC DEi khung chu nhat quanh chit so kfch thtroc, None-khong ghi dung sai. +Preclsion: eho so chit so thap phan co nghia, tire so sole sau dau phay. Ilext ••• Ff Lines and AnQV-/s ··I • I PrmaryUnits I A_elnateUnitslloleraneesl +Upper/ Lower Value: cho gia tri dung sai tren va duoi, , . Dimension Lines ,.. ,,'.""'. .".'-:.... ~:; y +Scale for Height: ty so giira chieu eao chit so kich thuoc va dung sai. I_ Black +Vertical Position: vi tri dung sai d~t tren, giira, diroi so voi dirong kfch thuoc. Lineweight: \. ..:,.tHew Dimension Stvle. Dim-MEeHl DEi Hmh 10:10 Nhir vay ta dii tao diroc cac kieu ghi kfch thuoc, bay gio ta cac lenh d~ ghi va hieu chinh kieh tluroc. 10.2.2. Thay d6i 1 kieu ghi kich thuoc da co Hlnh 10.9: Trang Toleranee. D~ thay d6i cac bien kich thiroc tren 1 kieu kich thuae(Dimemsion Style) dii Sau khi dii dinh cac bien kfch thuoc eho kieu ghi kfch thuoc eo ten la Dim-MECH1, co, ta thl;tehi~n theo tr1nh tl;tsau: ta dua ki~u nay ra hi~n thai bang each an vao nut Set Current tren he)p tho
140 ChLfdng 10: Ghi kich thirdc Slt dl;lng AutoCAD 2000 141 ..;.../ ModifyD,men.,on SI,le' D,m·ARC I'J 1'3 +Dap M(Mtext): d~ viet chir so kfch thuoc trong hop thoai Multiline Text Editor Line. and Atrowol Text I F~ I. PrirMry Units I Alternate Un~s 1 Tolefancesl (hinh 10.15). · Dimension Lines' ; ,010 Specify dimension line location or[Mtext(fext/Angl ]: e Hinh 10.14 Hinh 10.13 +Dap A: ghi chCrs6 kfch thuoc nghieng 1 goc.
142 ChU'dng 10: Ghi kich thU'dC Slt d\lng AutoCAD 2000 143 +Dap T: nhap chir so kich thuac(go %%C se ghi : ¢54 Select second line: Specify dimension arc line location orj Mtext/Text/Angle]: 3). Ghi kich thuoc goc tao hoi 3 diim: Text: Aligned with Command: DimAngular (hoac nut Angular tren Too/bar) Text: ISO Standard Text: ISO Standard dimension line Select arc, circle, line, or: .J Fit: Over the dimension Fit: Over the dlmensiou Fine Tuning: Always draw Angle Vertex: line, without a leader line,with a leader. dim line between ext lines. First angle endpoint: aj.Khong duong dan bj.Co duong dan cj.Ve dirongk/t giua 2 d/dong Second angle endpoint: Hrnh 10.18 Specify dimension arc line location orl Mtcxt/Tcxt/Angle]: co cac kieu ghi khac nhau. 10.3.7. Lenh DIMORDINATE(Ordinate) Lenh DimRadius cling urong tu nhu the (hinh 10.19). Lcnh Dimordinate dung de ghi toa do cac diem. Command: DimOrdinate (hoac nut Ordinate trcn 030 \..- --... ,m Too/bar) Specify feature location: Specify leader endpoint or[Xdatum!Y datum/Mtext/ Text/Angle]: Mark Line Dimension text< ... >:
144 ChLtdng 10: Ghi kich thiroc Slr dl;lng AutoCAD 2000 145 * Chy y: muon tao chuoi kich thuac song SOl1gvoi 1kich thuoc dd co truce nao 10.3.11. Lenh LEADER do, ta tin ENTER tai dong nhdc ddu tien nhu salt: Lenh nay d~ ghi chu thfch(hlnh 10.26), ghi dung sai hlnh dangthinh 10.27) voi . Command: Dimhaseline (hoac nut Baseline tren Too/bar) duong dan. Specify a second extension line origin or[Undo/Select]: .J Command: Leader (hoac nut Quyck Leader) Select base dimension: Specify leader start point: Specify a second extension line origin or[Undo/Sclect]: Specify nextpoint: 10.3.9. Lenh DIMCONTINlJE (Continue) Specify next point or[Annotation/Format/Undo]: vira ghi kfch thuoc tlur nhat: FG=30 (hinh 10.24), tiep tuc ghi kfch thuoc thu 2: Enter first line of annotation text or-coptions>: .J Command: DimContinue (hoac nut Continue trcn Too/bar) Enter an annotation option[Tolerance/Copy/Block/None!Mtext]: .J Specify a second extension line origin or[Undo/Seleet]: Specify a second extension line origin or[Undo/Sclect]: Specify a second extension line origin or[Undo/Select]: .J * Chy y: 1- muon tao chilo; kich thuoc not tiep voi 1 kich thuoc da co truoc 11(10 do, ta all ENTER tai dong nluic dau tien, I'a lam tuong tu nltu chu _v trong lenh Dimllaseline. 2)./)01' voi cdc kich thuac goc, chuoi song song hay chuoi noi tiel) ding duac gil; nhu )'¢y. H'inh 10.26: Leader. Hlnh 10.27 Cac lua chon tren dong : 10.3.10. Lenh QDIM + Annotation: nhap dong Text vao. Lenh nay d~ tao nhanh cac chuoi kfch thiroc: Baseline, Continue, Ordinate, + Format: d~ dinh dang dirong dan. AutoCAD nhac tiep: Staggered(chu6i cac kich thuoc song song so Ie nhau). - Enter leader format option/Spline/Straight/ Arrow/ None]: Command: Qdim (hoac nut QIIYck Dimension tren Too/bar)
146 ChLtdng 10: Ghi kich thiroc Slt dyng AutoCAD 2000 147 .....4 Leader Settings 6E1 Su dung hop thoai nay va ket hop lenh Leader d~ ghi dung sai hlnh dang va vi tri nhu cac vi du sau: * Vi du 1: ghi dung sai d¢ song song cho ban ve chi tiet maya hlnh 10.30. + Dau tien 1; /' b b). Trang Leader Line & Arrow: (hinh 10.28) + Leader Line: hlnh dang dirong dan. Straight: duong dan la cac doan thang. Spline: dirong dan la dirong congo + Number of Points: gan so cac diem tren dirong dan. + Angle Constraints: gan goc giua cac doan duong dan. c). Trang Attachment: dinh vi dirong dan a cac vi trf Top, Middle, Boottom so voi dong chii thich. ~ C7 Dung sai d¢ phang 10.3.13. Ghi dung sai hinh dang va vi tri(TOLERANCE) Lenh Toler?nce de ghi dung sai ve hlnh dang va vi trf cua cac be mat chi tiet may 0 Dung sai do tron _L Dung sai dQ vuong goc len ban ve thiet ke. d day ker hop lenh Leader tao dirong dan cho ky hieu dung sai. Dung sai d¢ thang o Dung sai Profil mat Command: Tolerance (hoac nut Tolerance tren thanh Toolbar) Sau khi ENTER se hi~n ra h¢p tho
148 ChU'dng 10: Ghi kich thirdc SLtdl;lng AutoCAD 2000 149 * Vi du 2: ghi dung sai do tru va do trim cho ban ve chi tiet maya hinh 10.32. * Chu y: Ta c6 the sir dung Iva chon O(Oblique) cua lenh nay de ghi kfch thuoc + Dau tien tao dtrong dan: Command: Leader (nrong tv vi du 1) tren hinh chieu true do. Dau tien dung lenh DimAligned M ghi kfch thiroc cho hinh chieu + Command: Tolerance (hoac nut Tolerance true dothinh 10.35a), sau d6 ta dung lenh DimEdit voi Iva chon Oblique de hieu chinh tren thanh Too/bar) . g6c nghieng cua dirong d6ng(30° hoac -30°) se c6 kfch thuoc tren hinh chieu true do(hinh Sau khi ENTER hien ra hop thoai Geometric 1O.35b). Tolerance. Tren hop thoai nay ta chon dung sai do tru, gia tri la 0,01, dung sai d(>trim va gia tri la 0,04 (hinh 10.33), va c6 dong nhac tiep: Enter tolerance location: Ket qua cu6i cung nhu tren hinh 10.32. Hinh 10.32 .t\tGeomehlc Tolerance liD a).DimAIigned b).DimEdit/ Oblique Hinh 10.33 Hinh 10.35 10.4.2. Lenh DIMTEDIT Lenh nay cho phep thay doi vi trf cua chir s6 kich thucc. 10.4. HI~U CHiNH xfcn THUOC Command: DimTedit (hoac nut Dimension Text Edit tren thanh Too/bar) Select Dimension: D~ hieu chinh kich thuoc, ta can clui y gia tri bien sau: Specify new location for dimension text orjl.eft/Right/Center/Home/Angle]: chinh Stretch, Scale, Mirror, Extend, ... dong thai neu ta hieu chlnh' hinh ve 'thl kf~h thuoc cung thay doi theo. ' + DIMASO = OFF: cac thanh phan kfch thiroc la cac nguyen the rieng biet. ~ 10.4.1. Lenh DIMEDIT ' Lenh nay de hieu ~hlnh .chtl s6 kfch thuoc va d(>nghieng duong d6ng. Command: Dimlidlt (hoac nut Dimension Edit tren thanh Too/har) a ).11....----.....11 b). 1......--1 -----I E~ter type of dimension editting[Home!New!Rotate/Oblique]: + Dap Home: dira chir s6 kfch thiroc ve vi trf g6c ilk ghi kfch thiroc. . + Dap~: t~ay ~OiA,ch~.s6, kich thuoc, Khi dap N thi xuat hien hop thoai Multiline I 77 r~~1 Edit Mte~t de ta go chu so m?l vao, sau d6 ta chon kich thiroc cO can thaythinh 10.34b). + Dap R: quay chtr s6 kich thiroc cti di 1 gocthlnh IO.34c). + Dap 0: keo nghieng duang d6ng va duong kfch thuoc di 1 g6c (hinh 10.34d). c). L..-I __ _J d). I I 80 Hinh 10.36 79 + Dap L/R: kfch thiroc se doi sang traithlnh IO.36c) hay sang phai, + Dap C: doi chir s6 kfch thuoc vao giira dirong kich thuoc. + Dap H: dai chir s6 kich thuoc ve vi trf dau tien khi ghi kich thuoc. a), .... 1 --1 b), + Dap A: quay chtl s6 kich thuac di 1 g6c(hlnh IO.36d). r~~1 / I 80 / f 10.4.3. Sir d1;Jngcac l~nh hi~u chinh hlnh ve d~ hi~u chinh kich thm)'c Can d~t bien DIMASO=ON va ta Slr dl;mg cac l~nh hi~u chinh hlnh ve de hi~u J 1 d), 1 Hinh 10.34: DimEdit. 1 chinh.: Scale(hlnh 1O.37b), Stretch(hlnh 10.37c), Extend(hinh IO.37d), Rotate(hinh 1O.37e),Trim, ...
150 Chltdng 10: Ghi kich thirec Su dl;Jng AutoCAD 2000 151 69 10.4.5. Hieu chinh kich thuoc bang kep GRIPS 1 1 48 '1 r 69 'I Ta co th~ sit dung kep GRIPS d~ thay d6i chu so, duong dong, duong kich tluroc. 1- Truce het ta chon kich thiroc can hieu chinh, cac 0 vuong mau xuat hien tren cac I a)...... I b).1 ..... I C). ! 7 vi trf cua duong kich thuoc da chon(hlnh 10.40a). 2- Sau d6 ta co the dap cac lira chon cua lenh GRIPS nhir la: Stretch, Scale, Move, Rotate, Mirror. 107 3- Chon diem co sa d~ hieu chinh: + chon diem 1 M thay doi vi tri chir s6 (hinh 10.40a), ker qua nhu hlnh 10.40b. m I + chon diem goc 4 hoac 5 d~ thay doi vi trf dirong dongthlnh 1O.40e). f + chon diem goc 2 hoac 3 d~ thay doi vi tri dirong kich tlurocrhlnh 10.40d). o d). " . ".";: .3 hl ~ESL=Ju 39 1- 39 1 Hinh 10.37 10.4.4. Hieu chinh kich thiroc bang Properties Window D~ hieu chinh kich thtroc bang Properties ta lam nhu vi du sau: 1).Ch9n kich thiroc can hieu chinhthlnh 1O.38a). . 2).Ma hop thoai Properties (nut Properties tren thanh Too/bar), hinh 10.39. a).Hlnh gOc b). c). d). 3).Tren hop thoai Properties chon nut "+" a canh muc Text, se xuat hien danh Hinh 10.40 muc cac tinh chat ella kieh thuoc da chon (hinh 10.39).·· . 4).Ch9n Text override va go vao gia tri moi ella kich thiroc la %%CSO. dong * Chu y: Khz"kich thuac /a 1 kluJl(Block), nell ta dung lenl: Explode de' phan rd ra hop thoai, ta co ker qua nhu hlnh 10.38b. tluuth cae thanh pluin dan tlii khong the' hieu chinh kich thuac bang kep GRIPS duac niia. Cac tinh chat khac ella kich thtroc cling co th~ thay d6i Wong nr. Properties A4·2000 > EJ IDiametricDimension === * === Categorized Lineweight --- ByLa yer Hyperlink [±] Mise [±] Lines II< Arrows B Text Fractionaltype Text color • ByBlock Text height 5 Text offset 2 Text outside align Text pos vert Text style STANDARD Text insidealign Text position X 108 Text position Y 120 a). Text rotation oeo' Measurement Text override %%C301 b). ~50 ,..··".·,.'.".···'s·tfjilte~t·strihl;ic;tthedirrien;io;:;(ove·rrldes' . easurement ~~ring), Hinh 10.38
Slr dl;lng AutoCAD 2000 153 CHUONG ·11 - Chon chieu cao chfr(Height): nhap vao 0 Hight chieu cao chir (vi du la 6). GHI VAN BAN vAo BAN VE - Chon Upside down: de ghi chtt d6i xirng thea dirong chan ngang xuong duoi (hinh II.4b). 11.1. D~NH DA.NGKIEU CHU (TEXT STYLE) - Chon Backwards: d~ ghi chii doi xirng thea phirong thang dirngjhlnh II.4c). , ~renAban v~ t~~et keA nh.ie~,"khita ph_aighi chu ca~ yeu cau ky thuat, yeu cau phuong - Chon Vertical: dong chit viet thea chien thang dirng. phap gra cong, vat lieu, mo ta doi urong ve. Chung ta din phan bier hai khai niem sau: - Chon Width factor: dat ty l~ chieu rong chit, neu dat bang 1 thi c6 ty l~ binh - Te~t Font: hinh dang chir cai, chir s6, ky hieu. C6 nhieu Fonts chfr khac nhau, tlurongttuc ty l¢ gifra chieu rong va chieu cao chir hoa = 5/7, chit thirong = 4/7). Neu ty l~ ban c6 the chep cac Fonts chir tai cac trung tam tin h9C va Copy vao thir muc FONT cua d6 cho Ian han 1 chieu rong chil se dan ra, ty l¢ cho nho hon l thl chieu rong chir se co lai. AutoCAD. . - Chon Obliquing angle: d~t dQ nghieng chu so voi true thang dirng, cho g6c _ - Te~t Style: la kie~ chir duoc dinh dang tnroc khi nhap van ban vao ban ve. Kieu duong chir nghieng sang phalthinh II.4d), cho g6c am chit nghieng sang tralthinh 11.4e). ch~:,bao gon~ F~nt ch~, kieu viet darn, viet nghieng, chieu cao chir, ty I¢ chieu rong va chieu cao elm, goc nghieng clnr, ... c). gniupiIdO Tr~roc khi nhap van ban vao ban ve ta can dinh dang kieu chir. M6' hop thoai dinh dang kieu chii nhu sau: . " a). Obliquing = 0° d). OBLIQUING= 15° I).Pull-down menu: Format> Text Style> HQp tho: I IOtt VnTime 3 IRegular Specify obliquing anglesfl>: ! r L'." f:.) 1'0',' Display text ba... wards?[Y es/No ]:
154 ChLfdng 11 : Ghi van ban vao ban ve Slt dl;lng AutoCAD 2000 155 11.2.2. Can h~dong chir JEdit Text 613 Neu dap J(Justiffy) tren dong nhac: "Specify start point of text orl Justifyistyle}:" ~:_ng dOi;lnvan ban(Wldth), goc nghleng dong chfr(Rotatioll). • - Trang Line Spacing: dinh khoang cach gifra cac dong van ban.