Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose with high degree substitution from Vietnamese pineapple leaf waste

In this work, cellulose was successfully extracted from pineapple leaf waste by 0.75 M NaOH at 90oC and 5 M HNO3 at 70oC for 1.5h and 5h, respectively. The obtained cellulose fibres, with average diameters of 150-300 nm, were converted to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by esterification.