Tăng cường quản lý nhà nước đối với nông sản nhập khẩu từ Trung Quốc

JBLma TE vA qjCAN IX<br /> <br /> TANG Cl/dNG QUAN LY NHA Nl/dC<br /> DOI Vdl NONG SAN NHAP KHAU Tif TRUNG QUOC<br /> Bui HQu BQc'<br /> <br /> Ngay nh$n: 04/7/2011 Ngay nh$n lai: 01/8/2011 Maso: 1. QLNN<br /> <br /> Td khda: Nong san nhdp khau, quan ly nha nudc, nong san nhdp khau td Trung Qudc<br /> <br /> ^"^rong thdi gian qua, nong san nhap khau noi chung cua nudc ta, dac biet la nong san nhap khau<br /> C^ td Trung Qudc dang co xu hudng tang nhanh ve khdi lUOng va hau nhU khong kiem soat dUOc<br /> chat luong v$ sinh an toan thiJc pham. Tinh trang nay mdt mSt anh hudng den moi trudng, gay kho khan<br /> cho phat trien san xuat nong san hang hpa trong nudc, mat khac anh hudng den quyen lai va gay tam<br /> ly lo ngai cho ngudi tieu dung. Bai viet tap trung phan tich thiJc trang nhap khau nong san thdi gian qua.<br /> danh gia nhOng van de noi com trong cong tac quan ly nha nUdc ddi vdi hoat ddng nay, td do de xuat<br /> cac giai phap chu yeu nham tang cudng quan ly nha nudc ddi vdi nhip khau hang nong san noi chung<br /> va td Trung Quoc noi rieng trong thdi gian tdi.<br /> <br /> 1. D§t van de ddng nh§p khau ndng san ndi chung, nhdp khau<br /> Quan ly nha nude ddi vdi van de v6 sinh an ndng san tQ Trung Qudc ndi ridng van edn kha<br /> toan thuc pham cua nUde ta trong thdi gian qua da nhieu tdn tai, dan den tinh trang eae mSt hang<br /> cd nhieu chuydn bien theo hudng tich cue. Lu^tAn ndng san nhdp khau, nhat la ndng san cd ngudn<br /> toan thuc pham da dupe Qudc hdi khda XII, ky hpp gdc to Trung Quoc cd xu hQdng tang nhanh ve sd<br /> thQ 7 thdng qua ngay 17/6/2010. Nhieu van ban IQdng va hau nhQ khdng kid'm soat dupe ve m§t<br /> quy pham phap luat cd lien quan da dUpc cac bd, chat lupng, vd sinh an toan thuc pham dang gay<br /> nganh ban hanh va hudng dan then khai thuc hidn quan ngai eho vide bao v0 san xuat ndng san<br /> nhu: Thdng tQ sd 25/2010/TT-BNNPTNT ngay hang hda trong nudc cung nhu ddi vdi sQc khde<br /> 8/4/2010 cua Bd Ndng nghidp va Phat then ndng eua ngQdi tidu dung. Chinh vi vdy, vide danh gia<br /> thdn (NN&PTNT) hudng dan vide kiem tra vd sinh thuc trang hoat ddng nhap khau ndng san tQ Trung<br /> an toan thuc pham ddi vdi hang hda cd ngudn gdc Qude va nhOng bat cap trong quan ly nha node dot<br /> ddng v§t nhap khau; Thdng tu sd 29/2010/TT- vdi hoat ddng nay cd y nghTa d§c bidt quan trpng<br /> BNNPTNT ngay 6/5/2010 cua Bd NN&PTNT ban nham tao co sd de xuat cae giai phap can trien<br /> hanh danh muc chi tidu, mQc gidi han cho phep ve khai de tang cQdng cdng tac quan ly nha nQde,<br /> v$ sinh an toan thQc pham ddi vdi mdt sd san gdp phan kiem soat chat che ndng san nhdp khau<br /> pham thuc pham cd ngudn gdc ddng Vclt nhap ndi ehung, tQ Trung Qudc ndi ridng, bao vd san<br /> khau, san xuat luu thdng trong nudc thudc pham xuat va quyen Ipi cua ngudi tidu dung trong nudc.<br /> vi quan ly nha nudc cua Bd NN&PTNT... 2. Khai quat tinh hinh nhap khau ndng san tQ<br /> Vide tQng budc hoan thidn he thdng cac van Trung Qud'c thdt gian qua va nhOng van de d$t ra<br /> ban quy pham phap luSt da tao co sd phap ly cho trong cong tac quan ly nha nUdc<br /> vi§c trie'n khai eae hoat ddng cua eae eO quan nha Theo sd lieu thdng kd, trong nhQng nam gan<br /> nude cd lidn quan den hogt ddng nh$p khau ndng day, mdi nam tdng kimngach xuat khau cac loai<br /> san va tQng bude nang cao hidu IUc, hidu qua cua mat hang ndng san ca nude thu ve khoang 14-16<br /> cdng tac quan ly nha nudc trong ITnh vQc nay Tuy<br /> nhidn, cdng tac quan ly nha nudc ddi vdi hoat<br /> PGS. TS., Tn/dng Dai hgc Thuang mai<br /> KHOA HOC =^<br /> So 43/2011 ^iiifofng Mai 11<br />  l i l M I TE VA ^VAN Ijt<br /> ty USD. Mac du Viet Nam la mdt nQde ndng (TP Hd Chi Minh), sd lieu thong kd cho thay, mdi ddm<br /> nghidp va ed nhieu thanh tUu vupt bac trong thdi lupng hang ve chp khoang 2.800 3.000 tan, trong<br /> gian qua ve xuat khau ndng san nhung hang nam dd cac loai trai cay chiem 1.500 - 1.700 tan, sd cdn<br /> van phai bd ra mpt lupng ngoai td khdng nhd dd' lai la rau eij. Trong dd, 25-30% trai cay la hang nhap<br /> nhap kha'u cac san pha'm ndng nghiep thiet yeu va khau va hang cd ngudn goc tQ Trung Qude chiem den<br /> nguyen lieu cho san xuat ndng nghidp. hai phan ba. d nganh hang rau cu, hang Trung Quoc<br /> Trong nhOng nam gan day, ndng san nhap theo thdng kd eua chp tQ 150 200 tan, chiem<br /> khau cd xu hudng tang nhanh gay quan ngai cho khoang 15%. Dieu de'nhdn biet la qua cac chd tQ nhd<br /> cac nha quan ly trong nude, nhat la nam 2009. Do den Idn tai cac thanh pho, rau hoa qua Trung Qudc<br /> vide cat giam thue dot ngpt, hoae nhanh hon mQc nhQ ca rdt, ca chua, bap cai, hanh tay khoai tay..<br /> cam ket cung nhQ thieu hang rao ky thuat da khien m&i ma dep bay ban tran lan. Rat nhie'u ndng dan da<br /> thuc pha'm nhap kha'u, nhat la thjt d at tran vao bd san xuat cae mat hang rau vu ddng vi khdng canh<br /> Viet Nam. Oieu nay gay ap lUc manh len nganh tranh dQdc vdi rau qua Trung Qudc.<br /> chan nudi trong nudc khien nhieu hp chan nudi Hang ndng san nhap khau tQ Trung Quoc<br /> pha san, trong khi ngUdi tidu dung phai sQ dung chiem ITnh thj trudng Viet Nam do mdt sd nguydn<br /> thjt ddng lanh kem chat IQdng. nhan chu yeu sau:<br /> Ngoai sd it mat hang thiet ye'u nhQ sOa, cac mat - Hang rau qua Trung Qudc dang cd kha nhieu<br /> hang thQc pham nhap khau de tidu dung khac deu ldi the khi nh$p kha'u vao Vidt Nam. Theo cam ket<br /> khdng thiet yeu, khdng khuyen khich nhap khau, khi tham -gia Hidp djnh khu vUc thUdng mat tU do<br /> dac bidt la thjt va san pha'm dd udng (ruou, bia, ASEAN - Trung Qudc (ACFTA), hau het mat hang<br /> nudc ngpt...), rau, qua, banh keo... Trong ed cau rau, qua tUdi tQ Trung Qudc nhap khau vao Viet<br /> ndng san nhap khau cd mat trdn thj trudng Viet Nam hidn dupe hudng thue suat thue nhap kha'u<br /> Nam, ndng san nhap khau tQ Trung Quoc dang 0%, trong khi mat hang rau cu qua tUdi la mat<br /> chiem ty trpng Idn ca ve gia trj va cd cau mat hang hang thupc didn khdng phai chjU thue gia tn gia<br /> (mat hang rau, cCi, qua chiem khoang 70%, trong tang, bdi the cae doanh nghiep nhap kha'u dang<br /> dd chu yeu la ea chua, khoai sp, khoai tay tdi, cai tan dung toi da Uu dai thue quan de nhap kha'u<br /> bap, cai bao, eu cai...). Mdi nam nudc ta da bo ra hang ndng san tQ Trung Quoc. Hang ndng san<br /> hang ty USD dd' nhap kha'u cac loai ndng san tQ Trung Qude ed gia ca thap va mail ma dep do<br /> node ngoai, trong dd cd den hai phan ba xua't xQ tQ nganh ndng nghidp nude nay san xuat ehuyen<br /> Trung Qudc. Theo thdng ke, cac loai ndng san (ehu canh trdn quy md Idn vdi nhieu chinh sach hd'trp,<br /> yeu la trai cay va rau) tQ Trung Qudc nhap vao Viet trd cap tai chinh, cat giam thue, khuyen khich<br /> Nam cd xu hudng tang lidn tuc tQ nam 2009 den ndng dan, eho ndng dan vay vdn lai suat thap,<br /> nay. Udc tinh, mdi ngay trung binh cd khoang 400 dUde uu tidn cung cap nguyen lieu va cay gidng<br /> tan ndng san cac loai nhap kha'u qua cQa khau Lao tdt, cho cac dja phUdng giO lai 50% ngoai td tQ<br /> Cai, khoang 100-150 tan qua cQa khau Tan Thanh xuat kha'u... Cac mat hang rau qua cua Trung<br /> va mdt IUdng Idn hang ndng san Trung Qudc nhap Qudc dope trdng vdi ky thudt cao, lai trdng dQdc<br /> qua cac con dudng khac. quanh nam nen iQpng rau, cij, qua tUdng ddi ddi<br /> Hang ndng san nhap khau tQ Trung Qudc sau dd dao va on djnh, ed thd' dam bao khdi lupng cung<br /> dupe van ehuyen tidu thu trdn hau khap cae tinh Qng Idn theo nhu eau. Trong khi dd, ndng san san<br /> thanh cua nudc ta, tQ cac tinh thanh phia Bae cho xuat trong nudc chua thuc sU mang tinh chat san<br /> den khu vQc phia Nam. Tai ehd Long Bidn (Ha Not) xua't hang hda, phan Idn cdn nhd le, mua vu, chat<br /> khdng khd de nhan ra sQ tran ngap eua cac loai rau lupng khdng dn djnh, ehua hinh thanh khau phan<br /> qua nhap khau tO Trung Qudc, tQ khu vQc ban hoa phdi hidu qua, khd dap Qng ddn hang ed nhu cau<br /> qua dpc dQdng vao chp, dudi gam eau lan khu rau eu Idn, hay bj thieu hut ngudn cung trong nhOng luc<br /> deu chat day nhOng thung hang in chO Trung Qudc trai vu, mau ma khdng dep va bat mat nhU hang<br /> cdn nguyen dai, nguydn kidn. Tai khu vUc ban rau cu, Trung Qudc, gia ca thudng cao hOn kha nhieu...<br /> cae loai rau thdng dung dupc bay ban la liet; cac loat: khien ndng san san xuat trong nude trong nudc trd<br /> cat bap, ca ehua, khoai tay, ca rot, su hao... xep day ndn yeu the va cd nguy cd "thua trdn san nha" do<br /> dac va dupe ddng hop, ddng gdi, bpc xdp kha can kha nang canh tranh kem hon so vdi ndng san<br /> than va bat mat. Tai chd dau mdi ndng san Thu DQc nhap kha'u tQ Trung Qude.<br /> <br /> KHOA HOC<br /> 12 Tliirafng Mai So 43/2011<br />  WLSNa T^ vA qjCAN tt<br /> <br /> - Ndng san ndi chung, rau qua ndi ridng nhap NN&PTNT khdng ddng y nhap rau, cu, qua hoac<br /> khau tQ Trung Qudc dang bj tha ndi ve chat thuc pha'm ddng hop, nhung Bp Cdng ThUOng lai<br /> lupng va vd sinh an toan thQc pham. Hang ndng cap han ngach nhdp khau; vide kie'm djch rau qua<br /> san Trung Qudc nhdp vao Viet Nam khdng can nhap kha'u la nhidm vu cua Bd NN&PTNT, nhUng<br /> giay chQng nhan vd sinh an toan thUc pha'm, Bp Y te lai cd tha'm quyen quyet djnh ve cdng tae<br /> khdng can kid'm tra du lupng chat bao quan, vd sinh thue pham va dung hang rao ky thuat; hay<br /> thude bao vd thuc vat, chat kich thich... Hang ve vide trid'n khai thuc hidn thi nghidm chat lUdng<br /> tdi cQa kha'u se dang ky vdi cd quan kiem dich ndng san tai cac cQa khd'u lai do 2 Bp NN&PTNT<br /> thue vdt. Hd sd nhap kha'u gdm: td khai, hdp va Bp Y te cung quan ly. Thuc trang nay dan den<br /> ddng mua ban hang hda, ban kd sd lupng, vide chdng cheo trong cac van ban, quyet djnh va<br /> Chung loai, td khai tn gia Id hang, giay chQng can bp kid'm tra true tiep lung tung khdng biet thuc<br /> minh xuat xQ va giay chQng nhan kid'm djch, hidn nhu the nao... Trong khi dd, nhdn luc va cac<br /> hoan toan khdng cd ydu cau ve giay chQng nlian dieu kidn vdt chat, tai chinh phuc vu cho vide thuc<br /> vd sinh an toan thQc pham cua nha xuat kha'u. Jii thi cac quy djnh kie'm soat ve sinh an toan thuc<br /> khi dang ky kiem djch den khi hang hda dQdc pha'm cdn rat thieu va yeu.<br /> thdng quan chi mat 2-3 gid, trong dd khau kid'm Vide thQc hidn cac thu tuc hanh chinh trong<br /> djch chi mat khoang 30 phut. Cdng tac kie'm djch nhdp khd'u hang ndng san tQ Trung Qudc tai cac<br /> hang ndng san, thuc pha'm nhap kha'u kha Idng cQa kha'u hidn nay van thieu thdng nhat. Hoat<br /> leo,mang tinh hinh thQc, chieu Id. Cac chu hang ddng hanh chinh, nghiep vu do cac cd quan chu<br /> chi phat khai bao, ndp Id phi kid'm djch, sau dd quan chi dao va quan ly ridng theo ITnh vQc nen<br /> phun thudc sat trung ben ngoai d td ehd hang. nhieu khi chdng cheo, trung ldp, chua cd lUc lupng<br /> Vide kid'm tra hau nhu chi dUde thUe hidn ve mat dupc giao trach nhidm chinh de' chi dao cac hoat<br /> ngoai quan, nhin qua kinh lup dd' xem ed bi djch ddng chung tai cQa kha'u.<br /> benh hay khdng ma khdng thQc hidn ba't ky mpt Trong khi ndng san xuat kha'u ciia Viet Nam<br /> xet nghidm, phan tich hda chat, hay tdn dU chat ludn bj de dpa bdi hang rao phi thue quan cua cac<br /> bao quan, chat bao ve thuc vat trong san pha'm nQde, nhQng d trong nQde lai cd qua it tidu chua'n ky<br /> ndng san nhap kha'u. Nhu vdy mdi ehi cd quy thuat de han ehe nhdp khd'u va kie'm soat chat<br /> trinh kid'm tra djch hai ndng nghidp, tQc la nhOng IQpng hang ndng san nhap khd'u. Tai thj trudng<br /> djch bdnh trdn ndng san nhap kha'u cd anh trong nUdc, hang ndng san nhdp khd'u hau nhu<br /> hQdng den san xuat ndng nghidp trong node khdng vap phai hang rao ky thuat nao, cac cd quan<br /> dupc thQc hidn, cdn vide phan tich dpc hai ddi vdi quan ly chUa dUa ra cac tieu chua'n cha't lupng, tidu<br /> ngQdi tidu dung trong nQde thi dang bj bd ngd do chua'n kid'm nghidm de quan ly chat IUdng va vd<br /> thieu nhan luc va trang thiet bj... Chinh vide bd sinh an toan. Oa sd ngUdi tidu dung trong nude khi<br /> qua khau kid'm tra du IUdng hda chat trong ndng dupe hdi deu cd y kien khdng tin tUdng vao chat<br /> san nhdp kha'u da dan den ca cd quan chQc nang lupng ndng san nhdp tQ Trung Qudc, thdm chi lo<br /> va ngUdi tidu dung khdng biet cac san pha'm rau, ngai ve tinh trang chat bao quan, chat kich thieh<br /> cu, qua nhap kha'u ndi ehung, cija Trung Qudc tdng trudng khdng rd chung loai, ngudn gdc, xuat<br /> ndi ridng dang nhap vao Viet Nam cd nhOng chat xQ, ddc hai sQ dLing tfong qua trinh san xuat ndng<br /> gi va anh hQdng den sQc khde ngQdi tidu dung ra san; hp ed tdm ly cd gang khdng sQ diJng ndng san<br /> sao. Cd che "thoang" nhQ vay, ndn mat hang rau nhdp khd'u tQTnjng Qudc nhQng lai khdng phan biet<br /> cu qua Trung Qudc dang cd mQc tang nhap kha'u dQdc ddu la ndng san nhdp khd'u, dau la ndng san<br /> chdng mdt. san xuat trong nQde.<br /> - Vide phan djnh trach nhidm quan ly nha nQde - Ngoai ra, tinh trang nhap lau hang ndng san<br /> ddi vdi vdn de vd sinh an toan thQc pha'm ndng theo dQdng bien mdu dpc bidn gidi Viet Nam<br /> san nhdp kha'u chua rd rang giOa Bd NN&PTNT Trung Qudc dang dieh ra rat phQc tap. Cd qua<br /> vdi Bd Cdng ThQdng, Bd Y te. Thdm ehi, cd tinh nhieu cQa khd'u phu, dQdng mdn, Idi md eho cu<br /> trang khdng thdng nhat trong quan ly ndng san ddn 2 nudc di lai va budn ban qua cac chp bidn<br /> nhdp khd'u giOa cae Bd nay Vi du: Trong thdi gian gidi. d nhOng ndi nay hau nhQ khdng kie'm soat<br /> trudc day, khi Ludt An toan thuc pha'm chua dupe dQdc tinh trang nhdp lau hang hda ndi chung,<br /> ban hdnh vd cd hidu iQc, cd trudng hdp Bd ndng san ndi ridng. Tinh trang ldi dung chinh sach<br /> KHOA HOC (3=<br /> <br /> So 43/2011 tliirafng Mai is<br />  liEVTI TE v A ^VAN Ut<br /> <br /> QU dai ddi vdi cQ dan bidn gidt, quy che quan ly Ludt An toan thUc phd'm da dupe Qudc hdi<br /> chd bidn gidi dd' budn ban ndng san nhdp lau la thdng qua va ehinh thQc cd hidu luc tQ ngay<br /> kha phd bien; thdm chi, ed hidn tupng tiep tay, bao 01/7/2011. Vi vdy, cac Bd NN&PTNT, Bd Y te va<br /> ehe, bao kd eho budn lau ndi chung, hang ndng Bd Cdng ThQOng can nhanh ehdng phdi hpp dd' ky<br /> san ndi ridng, trong khi cae cd quan quan ly nha va ban hanh thdng tQ lidn tjch ve thdng nhat quan<br /> nudc chua cd giai phap ngan chdn hOu hidu. Hang ly an toan thQc pha'm. Cac bd cung can trie'n khai<br /> ndng san nhdp Idu khdng chi gay tae hat xau tdi cho cac don v| chQc nang nhanh chdng ra soat lai<br /> nen ndng nghidp trong nude do gia ban re, ma cdn cac van ban quan ly eua minh de sQa dd'i, ban<br /> anh hudng den sQc khoe ngudi tieu dung do khdng hanh lai cac tieu chua'n, quy chua'n ky thuat nganh<br /> kid'm soat dupe chat lupng eua san pha'm. de' siet chat hdn cac mdt hang ndng, thuy san<br /> Nhu vay, dudi gdc dp quan ly nha nude, van nhdp khd'u ndi ehung, ndng san nhdp khd'u tQ<br /> edn kha nhieu van de tdn tai eung vdi nhQng Trung Qudc ndi rieng. Qua thue tieh trie'n khai cac<br /> nguydn nhdn khae da gdp phan lam cho tinh trang van ban quy pham phap ludt da ban hanh, nhOng<br /> nhdp khd'u ndng san tQ Trung Qudc gia tang va van de bat cap phat sinh can dupe cac cd quan<br /> khdng kie'm soat dupe chat lupng vd sinh an toan quan ly nha nude cd lien quan xem xet nghiem tuc<br /> thuc pha'm, trong dd cac van de not cdm la: sQ va bd sung, chinh sQa kjp thdi. Ddy ehinh la cd s6<br /> chdng cheo trong chQc nang quan ly nha node ddi de thdng nhat va ndng eao hieu lue, hidu qua eua<br /> vdi van de an toan thQc phd'm giOa cae bd, nganh cdng tac quan ly nha nude ddi vdi ITnh vQc quan<br /> lidn quan; cac van ban, quy djnh ve quan ly, kid'm trpng nay.<br /> soat vd sinh an toan thuc phd'm cdn chdng cheo, Cae Cd quan quan ly nha nQde cd thd'm quyen<br /> mau thuan va thieu; td chQc quan ly tai eae cQa can nghien cQu lua chpn va thiet ldp cac rao can<br /> khd'u cdn chdng cheo vd khdng thdng nhat, quy ky thudt ddi vdi ndng san nhdp khd'u ndi ehung,<br /> trinh thQc hidn cac thu tuc thdng quan, nhdp kha'u ndng san nhdp khd'u tQ Trung Quoc ndi hdng<br /> cdn chua chdt che; cd qua it eae hang rao ky thudt nham bao vd san xuat trong nude ma khdng vi<br /> de' han che nhdp khd'u va kid'm soat chat lupng pham cae cam ket khi gia nhdp WTO va dam bao<br /> hang ndng san nhdp vao Viet Nam... van de vd sinh an toan thuc phd'm, bao ve ldi ich<br /> 3. Mpt so kien ngh| nham tang cUdng quan ly nha eua ngudi tidu dQng trong node.<br /> nudc ddi vdt ndng san nhdp kha'u tQ Trung Quoc Trong tinh hinh hang ndng san Trung Qudc<br /> Nhieu y kien cho rang Nha nude can ed bidn nhdp kha'u d at vdi gia re, Viet Nam cd thd' ap dung<br /> phap manh de han che nhdp khd'u ndng san, bao cac bidn phap phdng vd thUdng mai gdm ehdng<br /> vd san xuat trong nude, song can nhin nhdn thue ban pha gia, tu ve, dieu tra hanh vi bao hd... trong<br /> te rang vide ndng san ed ngudn gdc tQ node ngoai dd bidn phap dieu tra ehdng ban pha gia la can<br /> xam nhdp thj trQdng trong node la mdt tat yeu thiet va phu hpp nhat hidn nay. Mdc du vide dieu<br /> khach quan khi Viet Nam da chinh thQc trd thanh tra ehdng ban pha gia vdi hang ndng san tUdng<br /> thanh vidn cua WTO. Vi vdy, nha nude khdng thd' ddi khd khan, mat nhieu thdi gian va chi phi nhung<br /> cam hodc han che nhap khd'u ndng san bang cac la vide can phai lam (cd the' iQa chpn mdt vai mdt<br /> bidn phap hanh chinh ma can thdng qua cac giai hang cd khdi lUdng nhdp khd'u Idn de' dieu tra<br /> phap hpp ly dd' tang eudng cdng tae quan ly nha did'm). Chinh phu cung da yeu cau cac bd, nganh<br /> nudc ddi vdi hoat ddng nhdp khd'u ndng san ndi ed lien quan cd giai phap han che tinh trang nhap<br /> chung, ndng san tQ Trung Qude ndi ridng theo kha'u thuc phd'm, ndng san khdng can thid't. Bd<br /> dung cac thdng Id qude te ma van thue hidn dupe NN&PTNT va Bd Y te can bd sung va hoan thien<br /> mue tieu bao hd san xuat ndng nghiep trong nQde nhQng quy chua'n ky thudt dd' lam cd sd cho vide<br /> va kie'm soat dope chat IQdng vd sinh an toan thQc kie'm tra chat lupng, an toan ve sinh cac mat hang<br /> phd'm ddi vdi ndng san nhdp khd'u.Theo chung tdi, ndng san, thuc phd'm nhdp khd'u, nham tao dieu<br /> cac giai phap can tap trung thuc hien gdm: kidn cho cac san phd'm ndng nghidp dam bao tieu<br /> - Mdt la, hoan thien he thong van ban quy pham chua'n trong nude, canh tranh dupe vdi ndng san<br /> phap luat lien quan den van de nhip khau nong san nhdp khd'u tQ Trung Quoc. Can nhan manh vide sQ<br /> khi Luat An toan thuc pham chi'nh thdc co hieu life dung cac bien phap quan ly chat lUdng hang hda<br /> thi hanh. dong thdi xiy dung hang rao ky thuat quoc vdi trach nhiem chu yeu thupc Bd Y te va Bp<br /> gia doi vdi hang nong san nhap khau. NN&PTNT. Theo dd, Bd Y te ban hdnh Danh muc<br /> <br /> KHOA HOC C5=<br /> <br /> 14 TiiiTofng Mai So 43/2011<br />  fiXKII TE v A ^UAX t r<br /> san pha'm, hang hda cd kha nang gdy mat an toan che td ChQc quan ly thdng nhat, cd the' nghidn cQu<br /> thudc trach nhidm quan ly cua Bd Y te va cac quy thi did'm xdy dQng md hinh TrQdng cQa khd'u dd'<br /> ehud'n ky thudt tUdng Qng vdi cac mdt hang thudc dieu hdnh, quan ly chung, tang cQdng hieu IUc va<br /> Danh muc de lam ed sd cho viee thQc hidn cac hieu qua cua cdng tac kie'm soat chat lupng ndng<br /> bien phap tang cQdng kie'm tra chat lUdng an todn san nhdp khau va chdng budn Idu ndi chung, hang<br /> vd sinh thue phd'm nhdp khd'u. Bd NN&PTNT tang ndng san ndi ridng. Trach nhidm quan ly ndng san<br /> CQdng cac bidn phap kiem djch ddng - thQc vdt ddi nhdp kha'u can tdp trung vao TrUdng cQa kha'u<br /> vdi cac mat hang ddng vdt va san phd'm ddng vdt (trong dd cd can bd cua cac bd va dja phuong<br /> tQdi sdng, san phd'm trdng trpt (rau, qua, che, ca tham gia). Ndi chi cd dudng mdn, Idi md thi thdng<br /> phe, dieu, tieu) ddng thdi xdy dQng Quy ehud'n ky nhat giao cho Ban quan ly chd bien gidi.<br /> thudt (chu trpng quy djnh, cac chi tieu ky thudt ve - Ba la. tang cudng cac nguon luc can thiet cho<br /> du lupng thudc bao vd thQc vdt, cha't bao quan...) cong tic kiem tra. kiem soat chat luang nong san<br /> ddi vdi nhdm mdt hdng tren de' lam cd sd cho vide nhip khau ca ve van de kiem dich den du luong<br /> kie'm tra chat IQdng, an toan vd sinh cac mat hang thuoc bao ve thUc vit, chai kich thich tang trudng...<br /> thQc pha'm nhdp khd'u thudc ITnh vQc quan ly eua trong nong san nhip khau. bao gom ca ngudn luc<br /> Bd NN&PTNT. con ngudi. trang thiet bi may moc hien dai phuc vu<br /> - Hai la, phin dmh ro rang, xac dmh va thiJc thi cong tic nay; tip trung kiem soit chat luong hang<br /> trach nhiim cu the cija cac bd, ban. nginh, co hoa. kiem dich ddng. thtJc vit. kiem soat ve sinh an<br /> quan, dja phuang lien quan trong quan ly nha toan thuc pham tai khu vuc cda khau.<br /> nudc ve nong san nhip khau noi chung. nong san Can huy ddng, sQ dung tdng hdp ngudn luc<br /> nhip khau td Trung Quoc noi rieng, dac biet can nha nude va cae ngudn luc khac dau tu nghien<br /> ddi mdi co che td chdc quan ly tai cac cda khau cQu khoa hpc va Qng dung cdng nghe phuc vu<br /> b/en gidi vide phdn tich nguy cd ddi vdi an toan thue phd'm;<br /> d Trung Qdng, vide thong nhat dau mdi chju xdy dQng mdi, ndng cap mdt sd phdng thi nghiem<br /> trach nhiem chinh ve chat IQpng vd sinh an toan dat tieu ehud'n khu vQc, qude te; ndng cao nang<br /> thQc phd'm ddi vdi hang ndng san nhdp khd'u nen lUe cac phdng thi nghidm phdn tich hidn ed;<br /> thiet ke theo hQdng tap trung vao 1 bd (ed the' la khuyen khich, tao dieu kien cho hdi, hidp hdi, td<br /> Bd Y te). Bd Y te chju traeh nhidm trude Chinh phu chQc, ca nhdn trong node, td chQc, ea nhdn nude<br /> thuc hidn quan ly nha nude ve an toan thue phd'm ngoai dau tu, tham gia vao cac hoat ddng xdy<br /> ndi chung, thQc phd'm nhgp khd'u ndi rieng; Ban dung tieu chua'n, quy ehud'n ky thudt, kid'm nghidm<br /> hanh Quy ehud'n ky thudt qudc gia ve chi tieu va an toan thtJc phd'm.<br /> mQc gidi han an toan ddi vdi san phd'm Vniic phd'm, Cae dja phUdng sat bidn gidi Trung Qudc can<br /> dung cu, vdt lieu bao gdi, chQa dtJng thuc phd'm; chu ddng trong vide quy hoaeh quy dat va cd che,<br /> thanh tra, kie'm tra ddt xua't ddi vdi toan bp qua chinh sach khuyen khich dau tU cd sd ha tang,<br /> trinh nhdp khd'u, kinh doanh thuc phd'm thude kho tang, ben bai, cac cdng trinh phu trd phuc vu<br /> pham vi quan ly cua cac bd khac khi can thiet. djch vu giao nhdn hang hda cung nhu cd che phdi<br /> d dja phQdng, Uy ban nhdn dan cac dja hpp va dieu phdi hoat ddng xuat nhdp canh cae<br /> phQdng theo chQc nang thd'm quyen cua minh can phUdng tien vdn tai cua hai ben de' khdu vdn<br /> tang cudng cac hoat ddng thanh kie'm tra; chi dao ehuye'n hang hda, vd sinh an toan thue phd'm va<br /> cac sd, ban, nganh cua tinh va cac huydn giap bao ve mdi trUdng dUdc thudn ldi; ed bidn phap bd<br /> bien quyet Net trie'n khai thUe hien cac bidn phap sung kinh phi md rdng cac cd sd djch vu, dau tu<br /> quan ly, kie'm soat hang ndng san, thuc pha'm ed sd vdt chat, trang thiet bj cho hoat ddng kie'm<br /> nhdp khd'u theo hudng chu trpng bao dam an toan soat lidn nganh cQa cac luc lupng chQc nang tai<br /> ve sinh thQc phd'm va chdng nhdp lau cd hidu qua. cQa khd'u nham ndng eao chat IQdng, hidu qua<br /> Tai cae cQa khd'u bien gidi hien nay cd 4 IQc cdng tac quan ly nha nQde ddi vdi ndng san, thQc<br /> IUdng cung hoat ddng la hai quan, bien phdng, phd'm nhdp khd'u qua dja ban.<br /> kid'm djch, y te va thQc hien nhidm vu mdt each Cac hdnh vi vi pham trong hoat ddng nhdp<br /> ridng re. Mdc du ve hinh thQc van cd sQ phdi hpp khd'u ndng san khi dope phat hidn can ed su xQ ly<br /> hoat ddng nhQng nhieu luc, nhieu noi edn mang nghiem minh theo dung cac quy dinh hidn hanh,<br /> tinh hinh thQc va kem hidu qua. Vi vdy, dd' cd cd edng khai thdng tin dd' ngudi dan biet va giam sat.<br /> KHOA HOC "S"<br /> So 43/2011 rtiifofng Mai is<br />  KiMi Ti; vAftiTAs:LY<br /> Cac che tai xQ ly vi pham cung can dUde nghien thi diem xdy dUng md hinh TrUdng cQa kha'u de<br /> cQu sQa ddi theo hQdng "nang" hdn, du sQc ran de thdng nhat quan ly nha nUde ddi vdi hoat ddng nhap<br /> va phdng ngOa nhQng sai pham tQdng tU. Ngoai kha'u tai cac cQa khau bien gidi vdi sU phan djnh rd<br /> viec xQ ly cae ddi tupng budn ban, kinh doanh rang trach nhiem cua cac chu the cd lien quan,<br /> hang ndng san nhdp khd'u Idu, khdng dam bao ddng thdi tang cUdng sU phdi hpp giOa cac chu the'<br /> chat lupng va ve sinh an toan thuc phd'm, can kien nay lam cd sd de tang eudng va nang cao hieu lUc,<br /> quyet xQ ly nhOng can bd cd hanh vi tiep tay, bao hieu qua cua cdng tac quan ly nha nUdc ddi vdi<br /> che, tham chi bao ke cho budn lau va vi pham cac ndng san nhdp kha'u ndi chung, ndng san nhap<br /> quy djnh nhap khd'u ndng san. kha'u to Trung Qudc ndi rieng, gdp phan bao ve san<br /> Bon la. Nha nudc can nghien cdu va tiep tuc xuat va tieu dung trong nudc, da dang hda va dam<br /> ban hanh cac chinh sach CLI the ho tra. khuyen khich bao chat lUdng cac ngudn cung ndng san, dap Qng<br /> san xuat nong nghiep trong nUdc theo hudng san nhu eau ve ndng san thuc pha'm ngay cang tang<br /> xuat hang hoa ldn. chuyen canh; tang ham lUOng cao cua thj trUdng trong nudc.^<br /> khoa hoc ky thuat trong ta't ca cac khiu san xua't. thu<br /> hoach. bao quan, che bie'n nong san nham tdng Tai Udu tham khao:<br /> budc ning cao nang suat. chat luong, ha gia thanh.<br /> td do ning cao kha nang canh tranh cua nong san 1. Bd NN&PTNT, Thong tU so 25/2010/TT-<br /> san xuat trong nUdc tren thi trUdng noi dia. BNNPTNT ngay 8/4/2010 hudng dan viec kiem tra<br /> Cac chinh saeh cd vai trd quan trpng can dUdc ve sinh an tain thUc pham doi vdi hang hoa co<br /> quan tam chu y nhu: thiet lap khudn khd phap ly va nguon goc dong vit nhap khau.<br /> td ChQc thu'c hien lp trinh bat budc ap dung he thdng 2. Bp NN&PTNT, Thong tU sd 29/2010/TT-<br /> Thuc hanh san xuat tot (GMP), ThUc hanh ndng BNNPTNTngiy 6/5/2010 ban hanh danh muc chi<br /> nghiep tot (GAP), Thuc hanh ve sinh td't (GHP), tieu, mdc gidi han cho phep ve ve sinh an toan<br /> Phan tich va kie'm soat cac did'm nguy hai tdi han thuc pham ddi vdi mot sdsan pham thuc pham co<br /> (HACCP) va cae he thdng quan ly an toan thQc ngudn gdc ddng vit nhap khau. san xuat luu thong<br /> pha'm tien tien khac trong qua trinh san xuat, kinh trong nUdc thuoc pham vi quan ly nha nUdc cua<br /> doanh thuc pha'm; xay dQng chie'n lUdc, quy hoach Bo NN&PTNT<br /> tdng the' cac vung san xuat ndng san chat lUdng cao 3. Qudc hot khda XII, Luat An toai thit pham, 2010.<br /> theo chudi vdi sQ lien ket chat che giOa cac chu the 4. TrUdng Dai hpc ThUdng mai, Kyyeu hgi thao<br /> cd lien quan... gan lien vdi cae hang rao ky thuat khoa hoc qudc te: Quan he Asean - Trung Qudc<br /> bao ve san xuat ndng san trong nudc. Tuy nhien, vdi phat trien thi trUdng va thuang mai Viet Nam,<br /> can xac djnh rd rang rang, du ndng san san xuat Ha Ndi, 2005.<br /> trong nUde ed dUdc bao ve bang cac hang rao ky 5. Thdng tin tQ mdt sd website.<br /> thuat, nhung neu khdng td chQc lai san xuat trdn<br /> quy md va trinh dp cao, td chQc khau phan phdi hpp Summary<br /> ly hdn, bao tieu dUdc san phd'm cho ndng dan vdi<br /> gia ban canh tranh tren thj trUdng thi ndng san Viet In recent time, the volume of agricultural prod-<br /> Nam se bj ndng san nhdp khd'u, nhat la hang ndng ucts imported to Vietnam, especially those from<br /> san Trung Qudc da'y lui trdn san nha. China, has gone up sharply but their hygiene and<br /> Thay cho Idi ket: safety have hardly controlled. This situation has<br /> Tang cUdng kie'm soat chat lupng ndng san nhdp badly affected the environment and domestic pro-<br /> khd'u, dac biet ddi vdt ndng san nhdp khau tQ Trung duction; also impacted the rights of consumers,<br /> Qudc la van de lien quan den traeh nhiem cua nhieu causing them a lot of concerns. The paper analy-<br /> chu the', trong dd vai trd cua cac cd quan quan ly ses the situation in agricultural imports in Vietnam,<br /> nha node dac biet quan trpng. De' lam dUdc dieu identifies problems in state administration on this<br /> nay can thue hien ddng bd eae giai phap da ndu activity from which proposes solutions to strength-<br /> trdn day trong dd nen tap trung vao vide xdy dung ening administration on agricultural imports in<br /> cac hang rao ky thuat ddi vdi ndng san nhdp khau, general and imports from China in particular<br /> KHOA HQC<br /> 16 Tliuiofng Mai So 43/2011<br />