TEST YOURSELF - D

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21. I can't find my book anywhere. I _______ have left it on the train. I am not sure. TEST YOURSELF - D a. must b. needn't c. should d. might Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest. 22. You _______ lunch. We have already eaten. 1. a. weapon b. become c. country d. decade a. need preparing b. needn't have prepared 2. a. habitat b. century c. difficult d. prohibit c. should prepare d. should have prepared 3. a. ivory b. punishment c. government d. destruction 23. If I had gone to the University of Miami, I _______ in their Spanish immersion 4. a. population b. particular c. recovery d. illegally program. 5. a. continent b. however c. elephant d. tropical a. should' participate b. needn't participate Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the c. could have participated d. must have participated underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one. 24. Let's do something to protect the environment, _______ we? 6. Hunting wild animals is prohibited _______ law in many countries but it does a. must b. need c. will d. shall not seem to be effective. 25. I will do everything. You _______ do anything unless you really want to. a. in b. on c. with d. by a. may b. needn't c. must d. ought to 7. A ban was given _______ all trade in ivory in 1989. 26. You ___ forget to learn the lesson by heart. The new teacher is so strict. a. with b. on c. for d. from a. needn't b. mustn't c. mayn't d. mightn't 8. There was a huge decline _______ the number of panda. 27. They _______ be away for the weekend, but I am not sure. a. in b. for c. of d. out a. might b. can c. must d. should 9. She was involved in conservational _______ and began to devoted herself to the 28. You _______ now if you wish. wildlife protection movement. a. must leave b. may leave c. need leaving d. mustn't leave a. act b. action c. activity d. acting 29. You _______ worry so much. I will help you. 10. According to present law, the authorities can give poachers a severe _______. a. must b. mustn't c. might not d. needn't a. punish b. punishable c. punishment d. punishing 30. If there is anything you _______. Let me know. 11. Many Asian people _______ like hunting elephants for their ivory and tigers for a. must b. should c. need d. may their bones. Error Identification. a. particular b. particularity c. particularly d. particularize 31. In several parts of Asia, there is still a strong market for traditional 12. A _______ is the skin of a large animal such as a cow, horse, or elephant, which A B can be used for making leather. medicines making from these animal parts. a. tooth b. hide c. ivory d. tusk C D 13. Many wildlife parks have been installed security cameras to guard against 32. Disease, pollute, and limited distribution are factors that threaten _______ who regularly hunt wild animals illegally. A B C D a. poachers b. conservationists c. environmentalists d. authority various plant and animal species. 14. It is _______ that about 700 deer have been killed in the last few years due to 33. If a species does not have the natural genetic protection against their horns. A B a. declined b. grown c. damaged d. estimated particular diseases, an introduced disease can have severely effects on that 15. We use _______ to attack or to fight against other people. species. C D a. weapon b. hide c. punishment d. poaching 34. A species that faces overexploitation is one that may become severely 16. _______ is a hard cream-colored substance which forms the tusks of elephants. A B It is valuable and can be used for making carved ornaments. endangered or even extinct due to the rate in that the species is being used. a. Horn b. Tooth c. Ivor y d. Hide C D 17. In 1989, a ban was given on all international trade in ivory. 35. When several whale species were nearly extinct, the number of nations, a. action b. contamination c. destruction d. prohibition A B C 18. Unrestricted whaling during the 20th century is _______ example of including the United States, agreed to abide by the international laws on overexploitation. D a. a b. an c. the d. Ø whaling. 19. Due to the trade in animal parts, many species continue to suffer high rates of Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer. _______ exploitation. Plants and animals hold medicinal, agricultural, ecological value. Endangered a. a b. an c. the d. Ø species must be protected and saved so that future generations can experience their 20. The whaling industry brought many species of _______ whales to extremely presence and value. low population sizes. a. a b. an c. the d. Ø
Plants and animals are responsible for a variety of useful medications. In fact, a. Humans do not depend on ecosystem. about forty percent of all prescriptions written today are composed from the natural b. The loss of one species may lead to the 16ss of others. compounds of different species. These species not only save lives, but they c. Unsustainable forest management practices have no effects on species. contribute to a prospering pharmaceutical industry worth over $40 billion annually. d. The coast of Florida does not suffer any pollution: Unfortunately, only 5% of known plant species have been screened for their 40. The word trigger has a close meaning to _______. medicinal values, although we continue to lose up to 100 species daily. The Pacific a. cause b. pollute c. contaminate d. decline yew, a slow-growing tree found in the ancient forests of the Pacific Northwest, was Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase. historically considered a "trash" tree. However, a substance in its bark was recently There are a (41) _____ of causes that can contribute directly or indirectly (42) identified as one of the most promising treatments for ovarian and breast cancer. _____ the extinction of a species or group of species. Just as each species is unique, Additionally, more than 3 million American heart disease sufferers would die within and (43) _____ is each extinction. The causes for each are varied – some subtle and 72 hours of a heart attack without digitalis, a drug derived from the purple foxglove. complex, others obvious and simple. Most simply, any species that is unable to (44) There are an estimated 80,000 edible plants in the world. Humans depend upon _____ or reproduce in its environment, and unable to move to a new environment only 20 species of these plants, such as wheat and corn, to provide 90% of the where it can do so, will (45) _____ out and become extinct. Extinction of a species world's food. Wild relatives of these common crops contain essential disease- may come suddenly when a healthy species is wiped out completely, as when toxic resistant material. They also provide humans with the means to develop new crops pollution makes its entire. (46) _____ unlivable; or may occur gradually over that can grow in inadequate lands such as in poor soils or drought-stricken areas to thousands or millions of years, such as when a species gradually loses out in (47) help solve the world hunger problem. In the 1970s, genetic material from a wild corn _____ for food to better adapted competitors. species in Mexico was used to stop a leaf fungus that had previously wiped out 15% The question of whether more extinction in the fossil record have been caused of the U.S. corn crop. by evolution or by catastrophe is a subject of discussion. When talking about species Plant and animal species are the foundation of healthy ecosystems. Humans extinction has been raised, most expert concern with the (48) _____ of climate depend on ecosystems such as coastal estuaries, prairie grasslands, and ancient change and technological disasters. Currently, environmental groups and some forests to purify their air, clean their water, and supply them with food. When species governments are concerned (49) _____ the extinction of species caused by human become endangered, it is an indicator that the health of these vital ecosystems is beings, and are attempting to combat further extinctions through a variety of beginning to unravel. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that losing one conservation programs. Humans can cause extinction of a species through plant species can trigger the loss of up to 30 other insect, plant and higher animal overharvesting, (50) _____, habitat destruction, introduction of new predators and species. The northern spotted owl, listed as threatened in 1990, is an indicator of the food competitors, overhunting, and other influences. declining health of the ancient forests of the Pacific Northwest. These forests are the 41. a. popularity b. differences c. variety d. many home to over 100 other old-growth dependent species, which are at risk due to 42. a. to b. for c. with d. at decades of unsustainable forest management practices. Pollution off the coast of 43. a. otherwise b. so c. but d. or Florida is killing the coral reefs along the Florida Keys, which serve as habitat for 44. a. damage b. deforest c. disappear d. survive hundreds of species of fish. Commercial fish species have begun to decline, causing 45. a. go b. put c. die d. take a threat to the multi-million dollar tourism industry, which depends on the quality of 46. a. nature b. reserve c. diversity d. habitat the environment. 47. a. compete b. competition c. competitor d. competitive 36. Plants and animals _______. 48. a. effects b. efforts c. destructions d. punishment a. contain medicaments 49. a. for b. at c. about d. against b. will not exist until the future generations can experience their value 50. a. pollution b. planting c. raising d. agriculture c. do some harm to medication TEST 2 d. take no responsibility for medication Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from 37. Plants and animals _______. the rest. a. take up all recent prescriptions are 1. a. prohibit b. exhibit c. habit d. hunting b. play no role in pharmaceutical industry 2. a. hide b. ivory c. decline d. continent c. can be used to save lives 3. a. weapon b. increase c. threat d. spread d. cause difficulty to pharmaceutical industry 4. a. elephants b. decades c. poachers d. actions 38. According to the text, _______. 5. a. endangered b. threatened c. recovered d. advanced a. human beings do not like to use plants as medicine Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the b. human beings depend on plants for food and medicine underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one. c. there is no disease-resistant material in edible plants 6. People have hunted animals _______ food, hides, and ivory. d. edible plants do not include wheat and corn a. on b. for c. in d. with 39. Which sentence is true? 7. Protecting wildlife _______ being extinct requires strict laws and forces.
a. from b. on c. at d. over 27. While hiking in Alaska, you have to keep an eye out for bears. If you see one, 8. The number of the world's elephants is restricted _______ some certain you _______ approach it. It is dangerous. . countries. a. might not b. may not c. needn't d. must not a. at b. into c. to d. upon 28. Polar bears are beautiful animals; _______, they are wild and unpredictable in 9. Our environment is ___ because of serious pollution and endangerment. nature. a. threat b. threatened c. threatening d. threaten a. despite b. however c. so d. therefore 10. A _______ punishment is necessary to prevent poaching and cutting trees 29. You do not have to be afraid of bear, _______ educating yourself about the illegally. dangers can help keep you safe. . a. severe b. severely c. severity d. severities a. but b. so c. therefore d. although 11. An _______ of the number of elephants in Asia is about 5 million. 30. You _______ leave the table once you have finished your meal and politely a. estimate b. estimable c. estimated d. estimation excused yourself 12. _______ passenger pigeon, one of several species of extinct birds, was hunted to a. must b. needn't c. may d. mustn't extinction over _______ few decades: Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one. a. The / Ø b. Ø / the c. The / a d. A / the 31. You must never take your helmet off while you are riding a motorcycle. 13. Since the 1600s, humans have rapidly increased _______ rate of extinction a. If you are riding a motorcycle, you needn't wear a helmet.' because of population growth and resource consumption. b. When you are riding a motorcycle, wearing a helmet is not a must. a. a b. an c. the d. Ø c. You needn't wear a helmet whenever you are riding a motorcycle. 14. Today, most of _______ world's habitats are changing faster than most species d. Helmets must be worn at all times when you are riding a motorcycle. can evolve, or adapt to such changes. 32. John was not here yesterday. Perhaps he was ill. a. a b. an c. the d. Ø a. John needn't be here yesterday because he was ill. 15. We need _______ actions and interventions of the local authorities to prevent b. Because of his illness, John should have been here yesterday. national parks from being destroyed by pollution. c. John might have been ill yesterday, so he was not here. a. excitedly b. threateningly c. approximately d. timely d. John must have been ill yesterday, so he was not here. 16. There was no scientific evidence that the catastrophic _______ in Britain's song- 33. I think Tom needs to see a doctor. His cough is terrible. birds was due to the unwelcome attention of birds of prey. a. With that terrible cough, Tom ought to see a doctor. a. appearance b. decline c. increase d. development b. Although his cough was terrible, I think Tom needn't see a doctor. 17. _______ weapons have made more contribution to poaching and killing wild c. Tom must have got a terrible cough and he needs to see a doctor. animals. d. Tom did not see a doctor due to his terrible cough; a. Huge b. Light c. Advanced d. Commercial 34. I took a sweater but it was not necessary. 18. Are pandas _______ to only China? Do they survive in any other countries? a. I needn't have taken a sweater. a. restricted b. distributed c. submitted d. threatened b. It was too necessary for me to take a sweater. 19. Poachers deserve strict _______ for what damage they have caused to wildlife. c. I should have taken a sweater. a. estimation b. award c. location d. punishment d. I must have taken a sweater. 20. Although the government has taken certain measures to protect elephants, 35. If I were you, I would take the train instead of the bus. numerous threats remain for them. a. You should have taken the train instead of the bus. a. too much b. a lot of c. some d. a few b. You should take t4e train instead of the bus. 21. _______ you open the window, please? It is so hot in here. c. I advise you to take the bus. a. May b. Might c. Could d. Need d. You must have taken the train instead of the bus. 22. You _______ go to the shop. I have already bought the milk. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer. a. ought to b. needn't c. should d. may One of the most important ways to help threatened plants and animals survive 23. Family _______ spend more time talking, instead of just watching TV. is to protect their habitats permanently in national parks, nature reserves or a. must b. should c. might d. needn't wilderness areas. There they can live without too much interference from humans. It 24. Please, keep silent. You _______ speak during the exam. is also important to protect habitats outside reserves such as on farms and along a. may not b. might not c. needn't d. must roadsides. 25. You _______ drive at more than 70 miles per hour in the UK. You can visit a nearby national park or nature reserve. Some national parks a. mustn't b. needn't c. may not d. might not have special guided tours and walks for kids. Talk to the rangers to find out whether 26. Yesterday, I had to cram all day for my French final. _______, I did not get to there are any threatened species and how they are being protected. You and your sleep until after midnight. friends might be able to help the rangers in their conservation work. a. Nevertheless b. However c. Therefore d. But
When you visit a national park, make sure you obey the wildlife code: follow 45. a. so b. and c. nor d. or fire regulations; leave your pets at home; leave flowers, birds' eggs, logs, bushes and 46. a. in b. on c. at d. about rocks where you find them; put your rubbish in a bin or, better still, take it home. 47. a. opportunity b. follow c. spread d. distribution If you have friends who live on farms, encourage them to keep patches of bush 48. a. rapidly b. cheaply c. cheerfully d. lastly as wildlife habitats and to leave old trees standing, especially those with hollows 49. a. how b. what c. when d. which suitable for nesting animals. 50. a. a b. an c. the d. Ø Some areas have groups which look after local lands and nature reserves. They do this by removing weeds and planting local native species in their place. You could join one of these groups, or even start a new one with your parents and friends. Ask your local parks authority or council for information. By removing rubbish and weeds and replanting with native plants you will allow the native bush to gradually regenerate. This will also encourage native animals to return. 36. Plants and animals can live without too much interference from humans in national parks, nature reserves or wilderness areas. a. True b. False c. No information 37. Never visiting a national park is a good way of helping conserve wildlife. a. True b. False c. No information 38. Tourists cannot ask anything about threatened species when they are in a national park. a. True b. False c. No information 39. Farms are also ideal places for conserving species. a. True b. False c. No information 40. Native species will reproduce some day in the future. a. True b. False c. No information Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase. The current global extinction rate is (41) _____ at about 20,000 species per year, exponentially greater than the background extinction rate. Many (42) _____ believe that we are in the middle of the greatest mass extinction episode since the (43) _____ of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. From what is known about present-day populations and from (44) _____ theory, the change in either the physical (45) _____ the biological environment is the key to extinction. However, the vulnerability of a species depends (46) _____ a wide variety of factors, such as its total population size, geographical (47) _____, reproductive ability, ecological relations with other species, and genetic characteristics. For example, more emphasis is put on the greater vulnerability of species that reproduce slowly as contrasted with those that reproduce (48) _____. Other factors, such as food-plant specialization, may make many fast reproducers more vulnerable than species that reproduce more slowly. No matter (49) _____ fast an insect species that depends on (50) _____ certain plan can reproduce; it will still go extinct if that plant's habitat is destroyed. It has been estimated that about one half billion species have lived at one time or another, and today's existing species are only 2% of those that have ever evolved. The other 98% have either died out or evolved into something sufficiently different to be called a new species. 41. a. increased b. distributed c. estimated d. added 42. a. biology b. biologists c. biological d. biologically 43. a. disappearance b. remain c. disposal d. limitation 44. a. evolve b. evolution c. evolutionary d. evolutionist