Thân thế, sự nghiệp của đông các đại học sĩ Trần Lưu Huệ (1830-1907)

T H A N T H E , S t f N G H I E P C I J A D O N G C A C<br /> <br /> D A I H O C S I T R A N I t I H U E ( 1 8 3 0 - 1 9 0 7 )<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> NGUYEN DUG NHU$*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> G i a pha ho Tran 5 xa Vinh Xiidng, Vinh Tho diidc ddi la Vinh Xiidng. Theo ghi<br /> huyen Phong Dien, tinh Thda chep cua Le Quy Ddn trong Phu bien tap<br /> Thien Hue cho biet: Tien td cua ddng ho la luc (bien soan nam 1776) thi xa Vinh<br /> Trdn Xi, ngvidi qudn Dinh Xvfcing, huyen Xiidng thudc tdng Vinh Xiidng, huyen<br /> Tdng Sdn, phu Ha Trung, xd Thanh Hoa da Hiidng Tra, phu Trieu Phong, xd Thuan<br /> tham gia vao doan nghia dung theo Nguyen Hda (2). Dau thdi Nguyen, xa Vinh Xiidng<br /> Hoang vao tra'n thu Thuan Hda nam 1558 thudc tdng Vinh Xiidng, huyen Trieu<br /> (1). Gia pha cdn cho biet: Ong Tran Xi la Phong, dinh Quang Ddc. Dinh Quang Ddc<br /> ngvidi co cong khai pha da't hoang, lap nen diidc dat nam 1801 gdm ba huyen Hiidng<br /> lang Vinh Tho, huyen Hvidng Tra, phu Trieu Tra, Quang Dien va Phd Vang thudc phu<br /> Phong, dinh Quang Ddc. Con chau ngai ddi Trieu Phong. Nam Minh Menh thd 3<br /> ddi n6'i nghiep tai day. (1822), dinh Quang Ddc diidc dd'i thanh<br /> Theo mot tai lieu dia phiidng chi diidc phu Thda Thien. Nam Minh Menh thd 16<br /> bien soan sdm nha't (1554) ve vung da't (1835), nha Nguyen lay mot phan da't cua<br /> Thuan Hoa (Thda Thien - Hue ngay nay) la huyen Hiidng Tra va Quang Dien (nguyen<br /> O Chdu can luc cua Tien si Diidng Van An xiia la huyen Dan Dien) dat lam huyen<br /> thi huyen Hiidng Tra, nguyen la huyen Phong Dien; xa Vinh Xiidng thudc vao<br /> Kim Tra, phu Trieu Phong. Diidi thdi chda huyen Phong Dien.<br /> Nguyln Phuc Nguyen (1613 1635) huyen Ddng ho Tran d xa Vinh Xiidng tdn ngai<br /> Kim Tra ddi la huyen Hiidng Tra. Thdi Tran Xi la v i To ddi thd nha't, den nay da<br /> die'm triidc nam 1554, huyen Kim Tra cd 60 diidc 20 ddi, con chau phat trien thinh dat,<br /> xa, chiia cd dia danh xa Vinh Tho. Nhii hie'n vinh, trong dd phai ke deh ddi thd 12<br /> vay, rat cd the' sau khi ngai Tran Xi to chdc va 13. Ddi thd 12 la dng Tran Gia Chieu,<br /> khai hoang lap lang (sau nam 1558) thi sinh nam Mau Tua't (1778). Theo Gia pha<br /> lang Vinh Tho mdi diidc diia vao danh sach cho biet: Nam Minh Menh thd 13 (1832),<br /> cac ddn vi hanh chinh cua xd nay. Nam dng Tran Gia Chieu gid chdc Chu sii ty Bd<br /> Mau Tua't (1658) vi ky huy nien hieu cua Cdng, ITnh Tri bd Thuy quan. Nam Mau<br /> vua Le Than Tdng la Vinh Tho nen ten xa Tua't (1838), Tran Gia Chieu ve t r i si, ngu<br /> <br /> <br /> * TS. Vien Sd hoc<br /> Than the", sy nghiep cda Dong eac. 41<br /> <br /> tai Ha Noi. Khi mat diicic gia tang Tii Xuat than trong mot gia dinh quan lai,<br /> Thien dai phu, L l bo Thiidng thii, thuy la than phu [tdc Tran Gia Chieu] diidc gia<br /> Trung Liidng. Mo ong tang tai dja phdn tang den chdc Le bo Thiidng thu" nen Tran<br /> chda Long Chau, thon Chau An, Ha Noi. Liiu Hue diidc hoc hanh td nhd. Ra't co the<br /> Theo quan che trieu Nguyen, chdc Thiidng ong da tdng tham dii nhieu ky thi Hiidng<br /> thii Luc bo, Do sat vien Ta - Hiiu do ngii sd. va chi do Td tai nhiing vi diidc hiidng che<br /> Cao thu: Tii thien Dai phu, ham Chanh nhi do tap a'm nen tham gia hoan 16 td triidc<br /> pham. Vdi chdc tiidc va pham ham nay, cac khi do Cd nhan.<br /> con cua ong Tran Gia Chieu cung nhtf cha Nam Tii Ddc thd 17 (1864), Tran Liiu<br /> me deu diidc am phong. Vi nhu" than phu la Hue diidc sung chdc Hanh tau gidp viec cho<br /> Tran Gia Gian diidc tang phong Gia nghi cac vien Bien tu d Han lam vien. Sau khi thi<br /> dai phu, Thai thiidng Tii khanh, thuy la On dd Cd nhan tai triidng thi Thda Thien (nam<br /> Muc (ham Chanh Tam pham), than mau la 1867), Tran Liiu Hue tham dii ky thi Hoi<br /> ba Nguyen Thi Kien diidc gia tang Chanh vao nam sau (khoa Mau Thin 1868) (4)<br /> Tam pham, Thuc nhan. nhiing khong do va ong tiep tuc lam viec tai<br /> Ong Tran Gia Chieu co 3 vd. Ngiidi vd thd Han lam vien vdi chdc Hanh tau.<br /> 3 la ba Trinh Thi Khiidng, ngiidi lang Dinh Nam Td Ddc thd 22 (1869), Tran Liiu<br /> Cong, huyen Thanh Tri (Ha Noi) sinh diidc Hue diidc bd nhiem chinh thdc vao ngach<br /> hai ngiidi con trai la Tran Gia My va Tran vien chdc nha niidc vdi chdc Han lam vien<br /> Dien tich (ham Tdng cdu pham) vdi nhiem<br /> Gia Hue (deu thuoc ddi thd 13). Ba Trinh Thi<br /> vu siiu tam, khao sat thii tich, tai lieu cho<br /> Khiidng sau khi mat drfdc gia tang Nhi pham<br /> Doan nhan la do co con lam quan den ham viec bien soan sd sach cua trieu dinh. Nam<br /> Nhat pham - tdc Tran Liiu Hue. Tii Ddc thd 25 (1872) dng ddi sang gid chdc<br /> Tran Gia Hue thuc! nhd ten huy la Minh, Chu sd Vien Cd Mdt vdi nhiem vu triic d<br /> sinh nam Canh Dan, nien hieu Minh Menh Vien, ham Td pham (5). Nam Tii Ddc thd<br /> thd 11 (1830). Khi di thi mang ten la Tran 26 (1873), Tran Liiu Hue ddi sang gid chdc<br /> Gia Thien, do Cd nhan khoa Dinh Mao, Vien ngoai lang. Day la mdt chdc quan lam<br /> nien hieu Tii Ddc thd 20 (1867) khi da 38 viec d cac Bd, Vien, ddng dau cac td chdc<br /> tuoi. Ve khoa thi nay, sach Quoc trieu chuyen mdn d Bd, Vien cd ham Chanh ngu<br /> hitong khoa luc do Cao Xuan Due bien soan pham van giai.<br /> xuat ban nam 1893 cho biet ve ky thi Khi Tran Liiu Hue thi dd Cd nhan va bdt<br /> Hiidng khoa Dinh Mao, nien hieu Tii Ddc dlu biidc vao hoan Id cung la thdi diem tinh<br /> thd 20 (1867): Triidng Thda Thien do hinh chinh t r i xa hdi cua dat niidc dien<br /> Tham t r i Bo Binh Bui Tuan lam chu khao; bien kha phdc tap. Nam 1858, lien quan<br /> Toan tu Sd quan Dang Van Kieu lam Pho Phap Tay Ban Nha tan cdng vao Sdn Tra<br /> chu khao, lay do 32 ngiidi, trong do Tran (Da Nang), md dau cho cudc chien xam liidc<br /> Gia Thien (ddi la Tran Liiu Hue - xep thd niidc ta. Nam 1862, thiic dan Phap chiem 3<br /> 16) ngiidi xa Vinh Xiidng, huyen Phong tinh mieh Ddng Nam Ky la Gia Dinh, Dinh<br /> Dien, lam quan trai cac chdc Tong ddc Binh Tiidng va Bien Hda va diia quan tan cdng<br /> Phd, Nghe An, quyen kinh liidc sd Bac Ky. cda Thuan An (Hue) ep trieu dinh Hue' ky<br /> Hien la Thii Hiep bien dai hoc si lanh Tong Hiep lidc ngay 5 thang 6 nam 1862 xac lap<br /> doc Ha Yen (3). chu quyen cua Phap d 3 tinh mien Ddng.<br /> 42 Rghien ciru Lich su-. so' 3.2011<br /> <br /> Nam Dinh Mao, nien hieu Tii Diic thii Sau hdn 10 nam lam quan tai trieu, trai<br /> 22 (1867), thUc dan Phap danh chiem not 3 qua chdc nhiem d cac Bd, Vien td ham<br /> tinh mien Tay Nam Ky la Vinh Long, Ha Tdng cdu pham (Han lam vien Dien tich)<br /> Tien va An Giang. De ep trieu dinh Hue den Chanh td pham, Hdng 16 Tii khanh<br /> chinh thdc hoa viec chiem dong nay, thUc (Lang trung), nam Tii Ddc thd 31 (1878),<br /> dan Phap hen tuc diia quan ra danh chiem Tran Liiu Hue diidc ddi bd chdc quan ngoai<br /> mot so' tinh thanh cl phia Bac nhii Ha Noi, nhiem (quan dia phiidng) vdi chdc Bd Chinh<br /> Hiing Yen, Bac Ninh, Ninh Binh, Nam sd tinh Binh Dinh (ham Chanh Tam pham<br /> Dinh... Triidc sdc ep cua hie hieing quan sii van giai). B6' Chanh sd la vien quan ddng<br /> Phap, trieu dinh Hue nhu nhiidc da budc dau 1 tinh ldn. Diidi trieu Nguyen, sau cai<br /> phai ky Hiep lidc Giap Tua't (1874) vdi each hanh cWnh cua Minh Menh (1831-<br /> nhdng noi dung cd ban la xac lap chu 1832) chia dat cac tinh hat trong ca niidc va<br /> quyen cua Phap tren toan bp luc tinh Nam xep dat bp may hanh chinh vdi cac chdc<br /> Ky. Ban Hiep lidc nay da gay nen sii bat quan Tong dd'c, Tuan phu, Bo' chanh, An sat<br /> binh trong tang Idp quan lai va si phu yeu ddng dau de quan ly dia phiidng. Trd Thanh<br /> midc. O Nghe An, Tran Tan, Dang Nhii Hoa la quy hiidng diidc bd nhiem chdc Tong<br /> Mai lanh dao nhan dan noi day da'u tranh doc (thiidng do ngiidi trong Ton that nam<br /> phan ddi Hiep lidc Giap Tua't va diidc sii gid) cdn thiidng thi 2, 3 tinh dat 1 vien Tong<br /> ung hp cua mot so' quan lai trong trieu. Do doc, hoae Tuan phu kiem nhiem. Tinh ldn<br /> co thai dp bat binh vdi ban Hiep lidc 1874 thi dat 1 vien Bo' chanh, tinh nhd thi dat 1<br /> ma nhieu vien quan bi each chdc, giang vien an sat ddng dau. Chdc nhiem cua Bd'<br /> chdc. Cd le Tran Liiu Hue cung nam trong Chinh sd la nam gid viec thue' khoa, tai<br /> so' do. Dang gid chdc Vien ngoai lang, ham chinh toan hat. Trieu dinh cd an trach,<br /> Ngu pham, ong bi giang xuo'ng lam Han chinh lenh gi ban xudng thi truyen dat cho<br /> lam vien Bien tu (ham Chanh That pham) cac ngiidi phan viec (7).<br /> sau thang len Han Lam vien Tu soan (Tdng Khi den nham chdc Bd' Chanh sd Binh<br /> Luc pham), Han Lam vien Thi giang (Tdng Dinh thi dja phiidng nay vda xay ra nhieu<br /> Ngu pham van ban) (6). thien tai nhii dpng da't 3 lan lien tiep. Bay<br /> Nam Tii Ddc thd 30 (1877), Tran Liiu gid, quan d vien Cd mat va nha Thiidng bac<br /> Hue diidc thang len chdc Lang trung (ham (8) tau noi: Tinh Binh Thuan dpng da't 3<br /> Chanh Td pham Van ban, cao thu Trung lan, tai bien ha khong duyen cd, hoae hinh<br /> Thuan dai phu). Lang trung la mot vien nguc oan lam khong giai td ra, hoae dan<br /> chdc quan trong d cac Bp va la ngiidi ddng tinh u an khdng thau den tren, hoae tinh<br /> dau cac Ty ciing nhii ddng dau cac cd quan niidc lang gieng chiia diidc on thoa, hoae ke<br /> khac ngang Ty trong Luc bp. Ve Chdc vu va lai ac nghiet ke't oan, xin chpn phai chdc<br /> pham ham, Lang trung chi ddng sau khoa dao cdng bang liem chinh deh ngay,<br /> Thiidng thii, Ta hdu Tham tri, Thi lang cua chieu cac tinh hinh noi tren, dd xet mat cho<br /> Luc bp. Cung trong nam nay, Trdn Liiu ky cang va ngoai ra cdn cd mdi te gi quan<br /> Hue diidc ddi sang gid chdc Hdng 16 Tii ngai, deu phai tau ngay. Tii Ddc ben sai<br /> khanh (Chanh td pham). Day la vien quan Khoa dao la Ta Ngoc Diidng sung phai deh<br /> ddng dau Hdng 16 t i i lo viec xiidng danh d Binh Dinh hpi ddng vdi B6' chinh mdi la<br /> cac khoa thi va nhdng nghi le khac trong Tran Liiu Hue tra xet. An ve nha Doanh<br /> triidng thi. dien xet xong, Le Quang Pham phai phat<br /> Than (he, sy nghiep cua Dong cac. 43<br /> <br /> triidng (9), each chdc, ruong dat chiem Phap, rieng gid quyen t i i hdu... (14). Nhii<br /> doat, giao tra ve cho xa dan tni6c, Dien vdy, cho deh thdi diem nay, dia ban ma<br /> nong sd la Phan Trung, Doanh dien sd la T r i n Liiu Hue thay mat trieu dinh Hue'<br /> Dang Van Duy, quan tinh la Ho Dang chiu trach nhiem quin ly cd dia gidi giap<br /> Phong, Nguyen Xuan On deu bi giang phat ranh vdi Bien Hda, dja dau phia Bac Nam<br /> co thd bac (10). Ky luc tinh vdng da't trdc t r j cua ngiidi<br /> Nhii vay, nhdng tinh te quan lai nhung Phap (theo Hiep lidc 1874), do dd tinh hinh<br /> lam d Binh Dinh dan deh sinh ke cua ngudi trat tii t r i an thvidng khdng dn dinh. Ngiidi<br /> dan ngay cang khd'n kho chat chda da lau Phap ludn miidn cd de xam pham, la'n ra<br /> nam. Khi Liiu Tran Hue den nhdm chdc da phia Bdc. Tuy Nam Ky luc tinh da bi mat<br /> cung Khoa dao Ta Ngoc Diidng tra xet, xd ve tay ngiidi Phap, nhiing vide djnh rd ranh<br /> ly cac tham quan cung nhu' tra lai cac moi gidi, pham vi quan ly cua hai ben cung la<br /> ldi ve cho dan, tao dieu kien cho ngiidi dan mdt viec lam thiet dang va trach nhiem cua<br /> yen nghiep lam an. nhdng ngvidi ddng ra kiem xet, do dac, xac<br /> Thang 3 nam Nham Ngo (4-1882), Tuan dinh ranh gidi cung rat nang ne\ De mat<br /> phu Thuan Khanh (Binh Thuan, Khanh mot tac nui, mot thiidc sdng la cd tdi vdi<br /> Hoa) la Bui Van Que 6m nghi viec, Liiu tien nhan va hau the.<br /> Tran Hue diidc bo nhiem thay chdc nay (11). Thang 6 nam Quy Mdi, trieu vua Td<br /> Theo quy che' cua nha Nguyen, Tuan phu la Ddc thd 36 (1883), Tran Liiu Hue thdi gid<br /> vien quan ddng dii6i Tong ddc va tren Bd chdc Tuan phu Thuan Khanh de' diidng<br /> Chanh co pham ham Tdng nhi pham, vdi benh (15).<br /> chdc trach gid viec tuyen bd' ddc y trieu Trong thdi gian Tran Liiu Hue ve que<br /> dinh, vd yen nhan dan, coi gid cac viec chinh diidng benh, tai trieu dinh Hue', ndi bd<br /> tri, giao due, md dieu ldi, bd dieu hai (12). trieu chinh dien ra rat phdc tap. Ngay 17<br /> Thang 11 nam Nham Ngo (12-1882), thang 7 nam 1883, vua Tii Ddc mat, trieu<br /> Tran Liiu Hue vdi t i i each la Tuan phu dinh dvia Ung Chan len ngdi lay nien hieu<br /> Thuan - Khanh diidc trieu dinh cd cdng vdi la Due Ddc nhiing chi 3 ngay sau bi ha be<br /> Dien nong pho sd Nguyen Thong hoi ddng td'ng giam, sau dd chet ddi trong nguc. Tiep<br /> vdi phai vien niidc Phap kham xet dia gidi do, Hdng Dat la em Tii Ddc diidc diia len<br /> phan Nam d Binh Thudn va Bien Hoa. Nui ngdi ngay 30 thang 7 nam 1883, lay nien<br /> Than Quy trd vao Nam thudc tinh Bien hieu la Hiep Hda. Ngay 29 thang 11 nam<br /> Hoa, trd ra Bac thuoc tinh Binh Thuan 1883, Hiep Hda bi trieu dinh Hue bat udng<br /> (13). Theo Hiep vide Giap Tua't (1874) gida thud'c ddc chet, d ngdi diidc 4 thang. Ngay 2<br /> trieu dinh Hue' ky vdi Phap gdm 22 dieu thang 12 nam 1883, Ung Dang (con nudi<br /> khoan, trong do khoan thd V ndi rd: dia hat Td Ddc) diidc lap lam vua, lay nien hieu la<br /> midc Phap hien diidc cai t r i , tdc la 6 tinh: Kien Phdc. Kien Phdc la ngiidi chu t r i ky<br /> Gia Dinh, Bien Hda, Dinh Tiidng, Vinh Hiep lidc Patdnd't (6-6-1884). Kie'n Phuc d<br /> Ldng, An Giang, Ha Tien, phia Ddng giap ngdi diidc gan 8 thang va mat ngay 2 thang<br /> bie'n va dia dau phia Tay tinh Binh Thudn 8 nam 1884.<br /> midc Dai Nam, phia Tay, phia Nam deu Den thang Chap nam Quy Mui (dau<br /> giap bien, phia Bac giap niidc Cao Mien va nam 1884), Tran Liiu Hue diidc trieu ve<br /> dja dau phia Nam tinh Binh Thudn midc Kinh, diidc giao quyeh linh Tong ddc An<br /> Dai Nam, deu ve quan hat cua niidc Dai Tinh (Nghe An, Ha Tinh) (16) vdi quyeh liic<br /> 44 Rghien ciru Lich sir. so" 3.2011<br /> <br /> rat ldn "gid viec cai tri ca quan, dan, cam dau nhien, chi 1 thang sau, thang 5, nam At<br /> cac quan van quan vo trong toan hat. Khao Dau (1885), Tran Liiu Hue lai ddi td thii<br /> hach cac quan lai, sda sang bo coi". Chdc Hdu Tham t r i bo Lai sang thtf Tuan phu,<br /> Tdng ddc pham ham la Chanh nhi pham. linh Tong ddc Nghe An thay cho Tran Van<br /> Nghe Tinh la mdt dia phiidng rdng ldn Chuan vda mat (20).<br /> va quan yeu, la bdc binh phong che chan Thdi diem nay, tai Kinh thanh Hue xay<br /> cho Kinh thanh Hue d phia Bac. Day cung ra mot stf kien trong dai, dd la vu binh bien<br /> la mdt tinh cd doi ngu quan lai, si phu dang do phai chu chie'n ddng dau la Ton Thi't<br /> tai chdc hoae ve t r i si ri't dong dao nen Thuyet va vua Ham Nghi khdi xiidng t i n<br /> nhdng ngiidi diidc giao t r i nhdm ndi nay cdng q u i n Phap d thanh Mang C i dem<br /> deu ndi tieng ve chinh sii, liem chinh, cong mdng 4 rang ngay 5 t h i n g 7 nam 1885.<br /> minh mdi co the gin gid diidc t r i an tren dja Cudc phan cong d i n h Phip tai ddn Mang<br /> ban. Cuoc ndi day cua Tran Tan, Dang Nhii Ca cua phe chu chie'n thi't bai, Ton Thi't<br /> Mai sau Hiep vide Giap Tua't (1874) da cho Thuyet va cac tiidng si phd ta vua Ham<br /> thay tinh each ciidng ciidng cua ngiidi xd Nghi ra Sdn phdng Quang Tri v i xud'ng<br /> Nghe cung nhii y thdc ve chu quyen da't Chieu Can vtfdng.<br /> midc rat ro rang. Ngay khi n h i n dtfdc Chieu Can vtfdng,<br /> Sau khi ve linh quyen Tong ddc An van than, si phu yeu ntfdc, dac biet la d cic<br /> Tinh, thang 3 nam Giap Than (1884), Tran dia phiidng t d Quang Nam trd ra Bac da<br /> Liiu Hue da cdng vdi tinh than la Tran nhiet liet ung ho. Phong trao phit trien<br /> Van Chuan tien hanh khao sat dia the dja manh me nhi't la vung Thanh - Nghe - Tinh,<br /> phiidng, nhdn thay ndi Dung Quye't (d mat Thing 11 n i m At D i u (1885), theo de<br /> ben ta triidc tinh thanh Nghe An), la ndi cd nghi cua Nguyen Hdu Do, trieu dinh Hue<br /> dja the quan yeu ben tau xin lap ddn, dat chuan cho thtf Tuan phu linh Tong ddc<br /> sdng tren nui d'y de phdng gid khi cd bien Nghe An, Ha Tinh la Tran Liiu Hue, thtfc<br /> (17). Tuy nhien, Tran Liiu Hue gid chdc thu Tuan phu, v i n linh chdc i'y. Trong dip<br /> quyen linh Tong dd'c An Tinh chi trong nay, de gia an cho cdng than, trieu dinh da<br /> khoang 6 thang. Thang 5 (nhudn) nam gia tang chdc ttfdc va phim ham cho than<br /> Giap Than (1884), ong diidc ddi lam quyen phu va t h i n m i u cua Tran Liiu Hue.<br /> Tong dd'c Binh Phd (Binh Dinh Phu Nguyen Hdu Do t i u ndi: Cha da chet<br /> Yen), rdi thang len thii Tuan phu, van cua vien dai than i'y [tdc Tran Liiu Hue],<br /> quyen sung Tong ddc Binh Phd (18). sudt ddi can hoc, thuoc qua kinh sd,<br /> Thang 4 nam At Dau (1885), Tran Liiu nguyen triidc vi la con chiu cong than, sic<br /> Hue diidc ddi ve Kinh gid chdc thd Hdu thu Chinh doi, nen thd triidc an tang, v i n<br /> Tham t r i Bo Lai. Trong 6 bo, Bd Lai la mdt theo ham vo, danh va thtfc e chiia xdng<br /> bo quan trong nha't, chuyen lo viec chinh stf nhau; cung la ngiidi thd m i u , triidc nudi<br /> thang giang ve vdn quan trong kinh, ngoai dai than lam con, yeu d i i day bio, khdng<br /> cac tinh, chinh dd'n phiidng phap lam quan khic con de, m i chiia cd chdt nao bio dap,<br /> dd gidp viec chinh stf trong ntfdc. Ddng ddu long ri't chiia yen, xin chd an cich, phung<br /> Bd la vien Thiidng thii (ham Chanh nhi chuih cho tien phu dai than i'y, ddi theo ban<br /> pham van giai), tiep dd la cac vien Ta, Hdu van, chieu ham gia tang; dich m i u vien i'y<br /> Tham t r i (ham Tdng nhi pham van giai), tang chanh nhi phim phu nhan, thd mau<br /> cao thu Trung phung Dai phu (19). Tuy tang chanh tam pham thuc nhan (21). Trong<br /> Than the", su- nghiep cua Bdng cac. 45<br /> <br /> dip nay, than phu Tran Liiu Hue la Tran ky, thi dat 5 vien ngQ sQ); hdp cdng khoa<br /> Gia Chieu diicic gia tang Tii Thien dai phu, dao 9 vien, cho du phai di lam viec.<br /> Le bo ThUdng thu, thuy la Trung LUdng; Thang 9 nam Binh Tua't (1886), Tran<br /> dich mau la ba Trinh Thi Khiidng sau khi Liiu Hue diidc sung chdc Chu khao triidng<br /> ma't diidc gia tang Nhi pham Doan nhan; thi Hiidng Ha Nam (24). Khoa thi nay sd'<br /> Thd mau la ba Mai Thi Dich diidc gia tang si td dQ thi la 7.691 ngUdi, lay dd 74 ngUdi<br /> Chanh tam pham Thuc nhan. (trong do lay 24 ngUdi thudc so' dUdc gia<br /> Thang Gieng ndm Ddng Khanh thd nhat ngach va 1 ngUdi do Bd duyet lay them).<br /> (1886), vien quan ngiidi Phap la Hach-td Trong so 74 CQ nhan dd khoa nay nhieu<br /> sang lam quyen Kham sd dai than. Ldc ngUdi sau dd Tien si nhU Giii nguyen Chu<br /> nay phong trao Can viidng chd'ng Phap Manh Trinh (dd nam 1892), Nguyln Khue<br /> phat trien rong khap d cac tinh mien Trung (dd ndm 1889); Nguyen Ngoc Lien (dd nam<br /> va mien Bac. Thiic dan Phap rat lo sd quan 1889), Tran Van Phan (dd nam 1889). Day<br /> chdc cac dia phiidng lien ket vdi phong trao la khoa thi dUdc du luan danh gia la cdng<br /> khdi nghia, do do nhdng ngiidi cd tinh than tam, nghiem mat. Td bao Avenir du Tonkin<br /> yeu niidc, co t i i tiidng chong Phap deu so ra ngay 27 thang 10 nam 1886 va ngay 4<br /> khong diidc nam gid ciidng vi chu chdt d thang 12 nam 1886 da md ta chi tiet le khai<br /> nhdng ndi co phong trao phat trien manh. mac va be' mac ky thi. Nha van Albert de<br /> Nghe Tinh la mot diem nong cua phong Pouvourville trong cuo'n "La defense<br /> trao Can viidng, do cd sii can thiep cua l'lndochine et la politique d'association"<br /> Phap nen Tong doc An Tinh Tran Liiu xua't ban tai Paris nam 1905 (25) da ca ngdi<br /> Hue bi triet ve Kinh ddi bd gid chdc Ta viec cham thi khoa nay that cdng bang.<br /> Tham t r i Bo Ho, cho nguyen Sdn phdng sd Khoa thi nay, con trai vien Kinh lUdc Bac<br /> Ha Tinh la Nguyen Chinh thang thii Tong Ky va Tdng dd'c Nam Dinh deu bi trUdt.<br /> ddc Nghe An, Ha Tinh (22). Sau khi hoan tat cdng viec d trUdng thi<br /> Thang 8 nam Binh Tua't (1886), td chdc Ha Nam, LUu Tran Hue dUdc trieu ve<br /> Ta tham t r i bd Hd, Tran Liiu Hue diidc giao Kinh, tiep tuc gid chdc Ta Tham t r i Bd Hd,<br /> kiem quan Vien Dd sat (23). kiem quan Vien Dd sat (26).<br /> Theo cd ca'u td chdc ban dau thi Vien Dd Thang 2 nam Dinh Hdi, nien hieu Ddng<br /> sat cd sd' thudc vien rat ddng. Cudi thdi Tii Khanh thd 2 (1887), theo ldi tau cua Ta<br /> Ddc da bi tinh giam, chi dat khoa dao 20 Tham t r i Bd Hd, kiem quan Vien Dd sat<br /> vien (chiidng an 7 ngiidi, ngii sd 13 ngiidi), Tran Luu Hue, trieu dinh bai bd each thdc<br /> Kien Phdc nam dau (1884) lai tinh giam ddc tien ddng 1 ddng ngang 10 ddng.<br /> chi de lai 10 vien (chiidng a'n 4 vien, ngQ sd Nguyen, nam trUdc nha Dd'c cdng d Vu<br /> 6 vien). Ddu thdi Ham Nghi lai tinh giam, khd', xin due tien ddng nien hieu Ddng<br /> hien de lai 6 vien (chiidng a'n 2 vien, ngii sd Khanh, ngang vdi 10 ddng, chieu theo tien<br /> 4 vien). Triidc hien tinh cdng viec be bdn, ddng ldn ddi Minh Menh, mdi ddng them tQ<br /> Tran Liiu Hue tau xin cai td lai bd may cua 1 ddng can 7, 8 phan den 5 - 6 phan, vanh<br /> Vien Dd sat, bien che' them thudc vien, cu ngoai hdi rdng va day, de cd phan biet. Da<br /> the la: Lai khoa kiem Hd khoa, Le khoa chuan cho theo dd ma lam. Den nay Vien<br /> kiem Binh khoa, Hinh khoa kiem Cdng Dd sat la Tran LUu Hue tau ndi: "Thang 6<br /> khoa va dao Kinh ky, dat lam 4 vien nam ngoai, nha ay da bat dau lam, deh nay<br /> chiidng an; Ta triic, HQu trQc, Ta ky, Hdu da 7 8 thang, lan ludt due thanh tien,<br /> 46 Rghien curu Lich sir. s6 3.2011<br /> <br /> cong 294 quan, 9 tien, 37 dong, ma phi tdn Thdc te' lich sd cho thay: Sau vu binh<br /> ve nhan cdng vat lieu rat nhieu, chd diidc bieh d Kinh thanh Hue' t h i t bai, vua Ham<br /> khong bd chd mat; hudng chi tien ay so vdi Nghi xua't bdn ra Sdn phdng Quing Tri<br /> trieu Minh Menh vda nang vda to, khdng xuo'ng Chieu Can viidng da tao nen mdt<br /> diidc tien, ma 1 ddng ngang 10 ddng, dan khdng khi chd'ng Phap sdi ndi va rdng khap<br /> gian tieu thu chiia quen, kho liiu thong d cac dia phiidng diidi sii lanh dao cua t i n g<br /> diidc, vdy each thdc due tien ndi ay, nen cho Idp van than. Thiic dan Phap va trieh dinh<br /> danh chi lai, cdn cac thd khudn va ndi tam Ddng Khanh da t&p trung binh \\ic dan ap<br /> de lai ddi ddng. Lai chieu theo each thdc phong trao rat khdc liet. Liic liidng quan sii<br /> tien dong Thieu Tri vda day vda tdt, ngang cua Phip cung bi hao tdn nhieu trong cac<br /> gia 6 ddng, due ra tien Ddng Khanh thong cudc dd'i mat vdi nghia quan Can viidng. Do<br /> bao, cho diidc tien va de tieu ddng" (27). Ldi vdy, nhdng thu linh Can viidng cung<br /> tau cua ong diidc vua Ddng Khanh chuan y. nhdng ngiidi cd lien quan vdi phong trao<br /> Thang 7 nam Dinh Hdi, nien hieu Ddng Can viidng diidc coi la ke thu cua thiic dan<br /> Khanh thd 2 (1887), vdi t i i each la Kiem Phap va trieu dinh Ddng Khanh. Phan ldn<br /> quan Vien Do sat, T r i n Liiu Hue diidc giao cac thu linh Can viidng bi quan Phap bat<br /> tra xet lai cac an ve nhdng ngiidi tham gia diidc deu p h i i chiu an td hinh, than quyeh<br /> hoae lien ddi deh cac thu linh Can viidng d bi xd tdi che't hoae liiu day biet xd. Qua vu<br /> Binh Dinh. Nguyen cac an nay da diidc Bo an tren cho thdy: T r i n Liiu Hue khdng chi<br /> Hinh tra xet ket an va lam td tau len, trong la mot vien quan chap phap xet xd cd tinh,<br /> dd cd 12 than nhan cua thu linh Can viidng cd ly ma Ong cdn that sii can dam va dung<br /> Binh Dinh la Mai Xuan Thiidng deu chiu cim, khdng nghi deh quyen ldi cua rieng<br /> an phat liiu sang niidc khac, giao cho tau minh, khi tau trinh len trieu dinh xin cho 12<br /> Phap chd di. ngiidi than quyeh cua thu linh Can viidng la<br /> Vien Dd sat la Tran Liiu Hue chap hanh Mai Xuan Thiidng diidc hiidng an nhe, quan<br /> phap luat tau ndi: Cac tinh d T i , Hdu triic thdc tai dia phiidng. T i m long nhan hau,<br /> ky may nam nay thac ra viec nghia cd ddng bao dung cua Tran Liiu Hue da cdu diidc 12<br /> lam loan, du quan tinh cung khdng khdng than phan khdi bi di day biet xd.<br /> che' diidc hud'ng hd cha anh han the cung Thang 9 nam Dinh Hdi, nien hieu Ddng<br /> khd ngan cam. Hien nay, nhdng cd muc Khanh thd 2 (1887), theo ldi tau cua<br /> thu xiidng, p h i n nhieu chiia bat diidc t r i Nguyen Hdu Do, Tham t r i bd Hd la Tran<br /> tdi, neu khdng ke cd dii miiu ddng ac hay Liiu Hue diidc phai ra Bic Ky do nha Kinh<br /> khdng, theo ludt p h i i lien can tat ca, thi liidc tuy vide ban uy ddi bd vao chdc Tdng<br /> mdt ngiidi lam dieu ac c i ho p h i i chiu tdi, dd'c, T u i n phu cdn khuyet (29). Den thang<br /> sd khdng p h i i la de td thiidng xdt, ma yen 7 nam Mau Ty, nien hieu Ddng Khanh thd<br /> long ke trao trd. G i n day, bon dau muc cua 3 (1888), Tran Liiu Hue diidc thang chdc<br /> "giac" nhu bon Hoang Phuc, Nguyen Pham<br /> 1<br /> Td'ng dd'c ba tinh Sdn Tay, Hiing Hda va<br /> Tuan va Bui Dien, da khdng b i t tdi lay... Tuyen Quang (30), chiu trach nhiem ve<br /> vay chd, bac, anh, em ho than 12 ngiidi [cua quan, dan, chinh tren mot dia ban rdng ldn<br /> Mai Xuan Thiidng], xdt ra khdng can d\i, xin cd diidng bien gidi giap vdi Trung Qudc va<br /> nen miln cho phat di biet xd, nhiing giao ve Lao, ndi cd nhieu dam phi tan quan cua<br /> que la thdn Phd Lac ddng linh quin"(28). Thai Binh thien quo'c td ben kia bien gidi<br /> Ldi tau diidc Ddng Khanh chuan y. thiidng xuyen tran sang quay nhilu.<br /> Than the", sy nghiep cua Bdng cac. 47<br /> <br /> Thang Chap nam Mau Ty, nien hieu biet la cong tac tieu phi d cac dia phiidng<br /> Dong Khanh thii 3 (dau nam 1889), Tong mien thiidng du Bac Ky), kien toan xep dat<br /> doc Sdn Hiing Tuyen la Tran Liiu Hue bd sung quan chdc cho bo may hanh chinh<br /> diidc dieu ve quyen coi cong viec cua Nha d cac phu huyen, quan doi cung nhu" cham<br /> kinh liidc. Khi ay, chdc Kham sai dai than lo den ddi song dan sinh. Sau khi thoi gid<br /> con khuyet, trieu than de cd mot so' ngiidi chdc quyen Kinh liidc sd Bac Ky (khoang<br /> co tieng tot ve chinh sii de chon bd. Khi de gida thang 9 nam Canh Dan 1890), T r i n<br /> cd Trdn Liiu Hue, vua Ddng Khanh cho Liiu Hue tiep tuc diidc trieu dinh Hue bd<br /> rang: "[Tran Liiu] Hue tuy tdng trai da nhiem t r i i qua cac chdc: Tong ddc Ha An<br /> nhieu, nhiing cdn co ngiidi Hue cung chiia [Ha Noi Hiing Yen] (1890 1893), vinh<br /> kip diidc, nhiing thiic tha ma khong den, de thang Thii Hiep bien Dai hoc si (34); Thiidng<br /> trd ngai, cung khong hdn diidc Hue tam y ta Nha Kinh liidc (1894-1898), vinh phong<br /> ldi xin d'y cho thoa long tdt". Tai ndng ve Thai td Thieu bio; Tong dd'c Dinh Ninh<br /> chinh sii cung nhii ddc tinh man can va [Nam Dinh Ninh Binh] (1898-1901) (35).<br /> tam long trung hau cua ong da diidc trieu Theo ghi chep trong chau b i n trieu Nguyen<br /> than danh gia cao (31). cho biet hoat dong cua T r i n Liiu Hue d Bdc<br /> Chdc Kinh liidc Bdc Ky diidc dat vao Ky kha da dang va da dien trong thdi gian<br /> thang 5 nam Ddng Khanh thd nha't (1886). khoing g i n 10 nam dam nhiem chdc quyen<br /> Vua Ddng Khanh xuo'ng Du rdng: 'Toan Kinh hide sd Bdc Ky va chdc Tong ddc Ha -<br /> hat Bac Ky da't rong, dan dong lai each xa An; Tdng ddc Dinh - Ninh (36).<br /> Kinh sii, cong viec nhieu ma can kip, nen Thang 5 nam Thanh Thai thd 13 (1901),<br /> dat mot dai than d Ha Ndi va chuan cho Tran Liiu Hue 71 tudi, gid nguyen ham<br /> toan quyen tdy tien giai quye't mdi gidp Tong dd'c Dinh Ninh, Hiep bien Dai hoc si<br /> cdng viec diidc nhanh chong. Triidc day da ve t r i si. Danh gia tai nang pham hanh va<br /> chuan dat chdc Kinh liidc sd d Bac Ky, ve cdng lao cua dng trong g i n 40 nam tren<br /> sau moi viec thudc Bac Ky chuan cho Kinh hoan lo, vua Thanh Thai da thang cho<br /> liidc sd thay mat nha vua ma giai quye't. Tran Liiu Hue chdc Dong cac Dai hoc si<br /> Chi cd cac khoan ma Hiep lidc da quy dinh (37) diidc dem theo quan phuc nha't pham<br /> ve chdc phan quan Kinh liidc, quan Dai ve tri si (38).<br /> Phap cung vdi quan chdc Dai Nam thi Khi t r i si, Tran Liiu Hue ve sd'ng cudc<br /> Kinh liidc sd khong diidc cai doi. Kinh liidc song thanh ban, dam bac trong mdt trang<br /> sd diidc chuan cho toan quyen tdy tien vien nhd d lang Thai Ha, mdt vung da't cdn<br /> harm xd. Tat ca khoan ban dinh giai quye't hoang hoa mdi diidc td chdc khan hoang<br /> nhii the nao, phai tdng viec mot tau len cho triidc day i t nam. Sinh thdi, Tran Liiu Hue<br /> diidc ro de hdp vdi the che (32). la mot vien quan thanh liem het miic. Sinh<br /> Thang 4 nam Canh D i n , nien hieu ke cua c i gia dinh chi diia vao liidng bdng<br /> Thanh Thai thd 2 (1890), Tong ddc Sdn Nha't pham cua Ong. Theo quy dinh d p<br /> Hiing Tuyen, quyen Bac Ky Kinh liidc liidng bdng cua trieu dinh ban hanh thang<br /> Tran Liiu Hue diidc chuan cho toan quyen 7 nam Dinh Ddu, nien hieu Thanh Thai<br /> xd ly moi cong viec sii vu d Nha Kinh liidc thd 9 (1897), vdi chdc Tong ddc, Hiep bien<br /> (33). Trong thdi gian nay, Tran Liiu Hue Dai hoc si, hang thang T r i n Liiu Hue diidc<br /> dac biet quan tam den viec dam bao trdt tii hiidng mdc liidng (bdng) la 100 nguyen<br /> an ninh tren dia ban cac hat d Blc Ky (dac [ddng] (39). Do vdy, kinh te gia dinh ong<br /> 48 Rghien ciru Lien sir, so" 3.2011<br /> <br /> khong lay gi lam dii dat. Dac biet la sau khi sau. Cudn sach diidc in nam Ddng Khanh<br /> Ong ve t r i si, mdc liidng hiiu diidng thap thd 3 (1888), gom 304 trang, khd 27 x 17,<br /> hdn nhieu so v6i khi dang tai quan nen gia mot bai tiia, mot bai d i n (41).<br /> canh cang kho khan. Bao cao cua Phong Nhi Trong thdi gian gid chdc Tong ddc Ha<br /> Phap cung cho biet them ve cuoc ddi thanh Noi (nam 1892), Tran Liiu Hue da triic tiep<br /> ban, hem khiet cua Ong khi con tai quan. tuyen cac hiep thd cua lang Lieu Trang td<br /> Sau khi Ong mat, trang trai nho cua Ong d chdc khdc i n them 50 bo Dqi Nam hqi dien<br /> Thai Ha cung phai dem ban de gidp cho con sit le chinh bien do Noi Cac trieu Nguyen<br /> chau hoc hanh va miiu sinh. bien soan (42). Bo Hqi dien (dien chiidng,<br /> Bang nhdng trai nghiem qua nhdng che do cua trieu Nguyen) diidc bien soan<br /> nam thang lam quan d Bac Ky (Tong doc theo cac chi du cua vua Thieu Tri (nam<br /> Sdn Hiing Tuyen; Kinh liidc sd Bac Ky, 1843 va 1846), vua Tii Ddc (nam 1850) va<br /> Tong doc Ha An; Tong doc Dinh Ninh) hoan thanh vao nam 1851. Bd Hqi dien<br /> da giup cho Tran Liiu Hue co nhdng hieu gdm 262 quyen, dong thanh 97 cud'n, lidc<br /> biet sau sac ve mien dat nay. Trong nhdng tren 8.000 td (gid'y lenh hoi khd 32 x 20)<br /> nam thang cudi ddi, ong da miet mai bien diidc khac i n xong lan dau nam 1868. Do so'<br /> soan va hoan thanh mot cong trinh dia ly liidng in han che' nen deh nam 1886, trieu<br /> hoc vao nam Thanh Thai thd 16 (1904). dinh lai td chdc i n lai de cung cap cho cac<br /> Cuo'n sach viet khai quat ve dia dii cua 13 tinh phia Bdc. Lan in thd 3 gdm 50 bd diidc<br /> tinh thvidng du, ha du cua Bac Ky la Tuyen hoan thanh trong hai thang. Trong lan<br /> Quang, Hiing Hoa, Sdn Tay, Ha Noi, Bac khac i n nay cd dong gop dang ke cdng lao<br /> Ninh, Thai Nguyen, Hiing Yen, Nam Dinh, cua Tong doc Ha Noi Tran Liiu Hue.<br /> Ninh Binh, Hai Dvidng, Quang Yen, Lang Ghi nhan nhdng cd'ng hien cua Tran<br /> Sdn, Cao Bang; moi tinh mot ban, cong 13 Liiu Hue, trieu dinh da ban thiidng cho ong<br /> quyen, tdng cong 40 td (40). nhieu danh hieu cao quy. Ngoai chdc tilde<br /> Trong gan 40 nam tren hoan 16, Tran va pham ham (Nha't pham) Tran Liiu Hue<br /> Liiu Hue the hien la mot tai nang ve chinh cdn diidc trad tang Long boi tinh vao cac<br /> tri, mdt ngiidi dao cao, ddc trong, het long nam 1891 va 1899 [diidi trieu vua Thanh<br /> phung sd viidng trieu va cham lo deh ddi Thai] (43).<br /> song cua nhan dan d nhdng dia phiidng ong Thang 5 nam Dinh Mdi, nien hieu<br /> tri nham. Diidi goc do van hoa, ong cung cd Thanh Thai 19 (1907), T r i n Liiu Hue mat<br /> nhdng dong gop nha't dinh. Ngoai cdng tai tii gia. Sii kien nay diidc chinh sd ghi lai<br /> trinh dia ly hoc ke tren do dng triic tiep nhu" sau: Thang 5 ... Thai td Thieu bio<br /> bien soan sau khi ve t r i si, khi cdn tai Dong cac Dai hoc si T r i n Liiu Tue mat.<br /> quan, Tran Liiu Hue da cdng Diidng Lam Liiu Tue la bac dai t h i n ky ciiu, buoi diu<br /> bien tap, hieu dinh cuo'n Tdu nghi tien tap. lam quan d Kinh, t r i i cac chdc, thang den<br /> Day la mot tap cac bai sd tau, bieu thu ...<br /> 1<br /> Bic Ky Kinh liidc dai sd, co nhieu cong lao,<br /> cua Nguyln Hdu Do khi lam Kinh liidc sd cdng hien, nam triidc da diidc chuan cho tri<br /> Bac Ky gdi cho trieu dinh Hue' va Phu toan si dvidng lao, nay mat, diidc an td, sai quan<br /> quyen Phap trinh bay nhdng moi ldi d mien deh tetheo nhii dien le (44).<br /> Bdc nhu" khoang san, lam san, hai san va La mot bdc hudn than ky ciiu nen dam<br /> cac thd thue' thu diidc. Nien dai cac van tang cua T r i n Liiu Hue diidc trieu dinh td<br /> kien td nam Tii Ddc thd 28 (1875) trd ve chdc trong the. Trong ldi dieu t i l n biet ong<br /> Than the, su nghiep cua Bdng cac. 49<br /> <br /> co doan viet: "Khdng Tii noi: Td San, dao si Tran Liiu Hue bi vui lap, mat han dau<br /> cua ke quan td co 4 dieu: ma ky hanh ky da ve't. Bang nd liic tim kiem khdng ngdng cua<br /> (ban than luon tiet hanh va cham chi no ngiidi chat ndi la Tran Liiu Cung va ho<br /> lUc); cung ky sii thuong da (cung kinh khi hang than tdc, nam 1998 da phat hien diidc<br /> phung sii be tren); kinh ky diidng dan da vi t r i cua ngdi md, cdn nguyen phan md va<br /> (diidng dan khien dan kinh trong); hue ky bi ky tren bien ddng (khSc bai dieu cua cua<br /> sd dan da (dan biet dn khi diidc sai dung). vua Thanh Thai). Hien nay, diidc sii giup<br /> Nhdng ldi ay that dung vdi ngai Tran'' dd cua nhan dan va chinh quyen dia<br /> Vua Thanh Thai thiidng tide Tran Liiu phiidng, con chau Ddng cac Dai hoc si Tran<br /> Hue, da ban ldi dieu, dac biet ca ngdi va Liiu Hue da tdn tao lai phan md cho Ong,<br /> danh gia tai nang, pham hanh cua dng: nhdng mong bao den lai cdng dn tien td.<br /> "khi chat bac anh tai"... "thdc trai bdn trieu Qua nghien cdu, tim hieu than the va sii<br /> vua; nhii may nang vang diidng; nhtf vdt nghiep cua Tran Ltfu Hue trong bdi canh<br /> trdi canh phiidng..."(45). lich sd dat niidc cudi the' ky XIX, cd the<br /> Phan md cua Ddng cac Dai hoc si Tran nhan thay Ong la mot vi quan thanh liem,<br /> Liiu Hue diidc xay cat ngay trong mdt phan man can, mdt nha chinh t r i tai nang, cd<br /> tii dien cua gia dinh Ong thudc lang Nhan nhdng cd'ng hien to ldn dd'i vdi dan tdc tren<br /> Muc (46), khiem nhiidng nhii chinh cudc nhieu linh viic. 0 Ong ludn the' hien mot<br /> ddi Ong. Khu rudng nay sau do ngiidi chau tarn long trung hau, khiem nhiidng va giau<br /> ndi la Tran Liiu Can d va trdng nom viec tinh nhan ai. Nhan each va pham hanh<br /> thd t i i (47). Trai qua nhieu nam thang, cung nhii nhdng cd'ng hien cua Ong vdi<br /> triidc sii ddi thay khdng ngdng cua mdt dan, vdi niidc xdng dang diidc hau the tdn<br /> lang ven dd, phan md cua Ddng cac Dai hoc vinh.<br /> <br /> CHU THICH<br /> (1). Chung toi da tim trong sach Cdc tdng trdn nganh b cac Bo, Vien, Nha... pham ham thQdng tQ<br /> danh bi lam (bien soan khoang tu nam 1810 den Luc phim den Ngu phim. Rieng Chu sU 6 Cd Mat<br /> 1813) dude bie't huyen Td'ng Sdn thdi ky Le Trung Vien, vdi nhiem vu true dude coi nhu Vien Ngoai<br /> hung va dau trieu Nguyln thuoc phii Ha Trung xU lang vdi ham Ta nhi, TQ pham.<br /> Thanh Hoa gom cd 4 td'ng, 62 hudng, xa, thdn (6). Han lam vien Tu soan lo viec tu chinh,<br /> trang, phudng, giap nhUng khdng tim thay dia soan thao sach vd giup Han lam vien Hoc si; Han<br /> danh Dinh Xuyen. Cd the den thdi diem nay, dia lam vien Thi giang lo viec giup cac Han lam vien<br /> danh tren da thay dd'i. Xem: Ten lang xd Viet Nam Hoc si bien soan sach vd, chQdng sd...<br /> ddu the ky XIX (thudc cac tinh tQ Nghe Tinh trd (7). Qudc Sd quan trieu Nguyln: Bai Nam thUc<br /> ra), Duong Thi The va Pham Thi Thoa dich, Nxb. luc, (De nhi ky), tap III, Nxb. Giao Due, Ha Noi.<br /> Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi, 1981, tr. 107. 2004, tr. 234.<br /> (2). Le Quy Don: Phu bien tap luc. Nxb. Van (8). Thuang bac: Khi bay gid, ngQdi Phap da d<br /> hda Thong tin, Ha Ndi, 2006, tr. 107. trong Nam Ky cd nhieu tau thuyen di lai, trieu<br /> (3). Cao Xuan Due: Qudc trieu hUOng khoa luc,dinh cd dat ra nha ThUdng bac, cd ThQdng bac dai<br /> Nxb. Tp. Ho Chi Minh, 1993, tr. 375. than dQng dau de giac thiep vdi Phap va trong<br /> (4). Khoa nay nha Nguyen lay dd 4 tien si. nom cac thuyen budn di lai.<br /> (5). Theo quan che nha Nguyln thi Chu sU la (9). Le Quang Pham bQc bit thdn Vinh Hao<br /> mot thudc quan, phu trach mot phan viec chuyen nhUdng giao cho 1 xQ thuc dien va chiem doat 2 xQ<br /> 50 Rghien ciru Lich sit, so' 3.2011<br /> <br /> dien thd' ciia thon ay mdi khai khan, lai trong han (35). Nam Dong Khanh thQ 2 (1887) quyen<br /> ruong dat chiem doat, pham trau ngQa ciia thdn ay Kinh luge sQ Blc Ky dang Sd xin cai dd'i Ninh Binh<br /> nham dim phai, lap tQc bit giam, lay tien l l nhieu. nhap vdi Nam Dinh lam mot, HQng Yen nhap vdi<br /> (10). Qudc Sii quan trieu Nguyln: Dqi Nam Ha Ndi lam mot. Vien td'ng ddc kiem quan hai<br /> thiic luc, (De til ky), tap VIII. Nxb. Giao Due, Ha tinh. Theo Khdm dinh Dqi Nam hqi dien sii le tuc<br /> Noi. 2007, tr. 274. bien, tap II, Nxb. Giao due, Ha Ndi, 2004, tr. 18.<br /> (11), (12), (13), (14), (15). Qudc Su quan trieu (36). Trong he thdng chau ban trieu Nguyln<br /> Nguyln: Dqi Nam thUc luc, (Df til ky), tap VIII, (thdi Thanh Thai) hien luu tai Trung tam Luu trQ<br /> sdd, tr. 525, 234, 549, 11, 575. Qudc gia I (Ha Ndi) cd ghi chep tdi 52 sU kien lien<br /> (16), (17). Qudc Sit quan trieu Nguyln: Dqi quan den hoat ddng cua Trin Luu Hug d Blc Ky<br /> Nam thUc luc, (De ngii ky), tap IX. Nxb. Giao Due, tQ nam 1889 den nam 1898, trong dd thdi gian dng<br /> Ha Noi, 2007, tr. 47, 64. giQ chQc Kinh lQgc sQ Blc Ky (khoang 6 thang) da<br /> (18). Qudc Su quan trieu Nguyln: Dai Nam thUc cd 39 sQ kien...<br /> luc, (De ngu ky), tap IX, sdd, tr. 83 va 101. d day (37). Qudc Sii quan trieu Nguyen: Dqi Nam<br /> nen hieu la Tran Luu Hue mang ban chuc la Bd thiic luc Chinh bien De luc ky Phu bien Q. 13, to<br /> chinh giQ quyen sung Td'ng dd'c, sau dd mdi tQ Bd 30 (ban chQ Han). Nguyen van chQ Han la Tran<br /> chinh dUOc thang len thu Tuan phu vin quyen sung LQu Tue. TQ thang gieng nam Tan SQu, nien hieu<br /> Tdng ddc (chQ khdng phai la Td'ng ddc thQc thu). Thanh Thai 13 (1901), de tranh mieu hieu cua vua<br /> (19). Ve pham ham, Ta, HQu Tham tri ngang Due DQc (Hoang khao cua vua Thanh Thai) nen<br /> nhau nhQng ve chQc Ta Tham tri cao hdn HQu Tran LQu Hue dd'i la Tran LQu Tue.<br /> Tham tri. (38). Nam Tu DQc thQ 7 (1854) quy djnh ve<br /> (20), (21), (22), (23). Qudc SQ quan trieu Trieu phuc quan huu tri nhQ sau:<br /> Nguyln: Dqi Nam thiic luc, (De ngu ky), tap IX, TQ nay ve sau, pham cac quan chQc van vd tudi<br /> sdd, tr. 136, 208, 221-264, 274. den 70 dQgc ve hQu tri, trQ ngQdi nao bi cQdng che<br /> (24). Qudc trieu Hiiang khoa luc chep la trQdng ve hQu, hoae giang ca'p cung hign giang tQ 5 pham<br /> thi Ha Nam - Ninh Binh, sdd, tr. 485. den each luu cung cac quan khdng du vao dinh<br /> (25). Tai lieu da din, tr. 162. thin, ben van Tdng tam pham, ben vd Chanh tam<br /> (26), (27), (28), (29), (30), (31). Qudc sQ quan pham trd xuo'ng, quan phuc deu khdng cho mang<br /> trieu Nguyen: Dqi Nam thiic luc, (Dg ngu ky), tap theo, cdn cac quan van vd dinh thin b Kinh cung<br /> IX, sdd, tr. 305, 313 - 314, 353, 363, 425, 447. ben van a'n quan TQ pham lam viec b Bo, b Ndi<br /> (32). Ndi cac trieu Nguyln: Khdm dinh Dqi cac, cung cac quan van Tam pham, vd Tdng nhi<br /> Nam Hqi dien sU le tuc bien, tap 1, sdd, tr. 107. pham khong du dinh thin, De ddc, Phu doan, Phu.<br /> Qudc SQ quan trieu Nguyln: Dqi Nam thiic thQa 0 phu ThQa Thien, cac quan ngoai Kinh nhu<br /> luc, (De ngu ky), tap XIX, sdd, tr. 261. Td'ng dd'c, Tuin phu, De doc, Bd chinh, An sat,<br /> (33). Qudc SQ quan trieu Nguyen: Dqi Nam Chanh, Phd lanh binh nguyen bd quan phuc dai<br /> thiic luc Chinh bien, De luc ky Phu bien, Q2, td 20 trieu dUOc ban cap xin dugc cho mang theo minh,<br /> (ban chQ Han). den ngay mat chuan cho dQdc liem theo... (Khdm<br /> (34). Day la chQc vu cao cap hang thQ hai sau dinh Dqi Nam Hqi dien sii le tuc bien, tap 4, Nxb.<br /> Can chanh Dai hoc si, Van Minh dign Dai hoc si, Khoa hgc xa hdi, Ha Ndi, 2005, tr. 122 - 123).<br /> Vd Hien dien Dai hgc si, Ddng cac Dai hoc si, ddng (38). Qudc SQ quan trieu Nguyln: Dai Nam thQc<br /> de gia ham cho cac quan dai thin. Hiep bien Dai luc Chinh bien De luc ky Phu bien; Q. 9, td 25 (ban<br /> hoc si ham Tdng Nha't pham van ban, cao thu chQ Han). Quy djnh nay cu the nhQ sau: Cap che cac<br /> Vinh loc Dai phu. vien phu Phu chinh, than dai thin mdi thang 500<br /> Than the, sir nghiep cua Bong cac. Si<br /> <br /> ddng; Hiep bien, Thudng thu sung Cd mat vien dai dang la Bieu DQc Bdi tinh; TQ dang la Minh Nghia<br /> than mdi thang 150 ddng; Luc bo ThUOng thu mdi Bgi tinh, Ngu dang la Gia Thign Bdi tinh. Nganh<br /> thang 100 ddng; Tham tri mdi thang 70 ddng; vo gdm: Nhat ding la Trac Di bdi tinh; Nhi dang la<br /> Chanh Tam pham Thi lang mdi thang 50 ddng; Thu Huan Bdi tinh; Tam ding la Tinh Nang Boi<br /> Tdng Tam pham linh Thi lang hoae Bign ly moi tinh; TQ ding la TQdng Trung Bgi tinh; Ngu ding<br /> thang 45 ddng... Pham ham cua cu Tran Luu Hue la Khuyen Cdng Bdi tinh.<br /> la Nhat pham nhung chQc ngang ThUOng thu nen Dieu lg ve Long Tinh vign cd 11 dieu, trong do:<br /> luong bong hang thang la 100 ddng. Den nam Thanh Thai thQ 2 (1890), Long tinh<br /> (39). Qudc SQ quan trieu Nguyen: Dqi Nam thiic khdc 4 chQ Han Dqi Nam Hodng devk dung mau<br /> luc Chinh bien De luc ky Phu bien; Q. 9, td 25 (ban bai che nhu sau:<br /> chQ Han). Quy dinh nay cu the nhu sau: Cap cho cac ThQa Thien hQng van<br /> vien phu Phu chinh, than dai than moi thang 500 Hoang de che viet; Qudc gia hau thUdng la bad<br /> ddng; Hiep bien, ThUdng thu sung Cd mat vien dai dap day du cho ngQdi cd cdng lao. Nay dac biet<br /> than mdi thang 150 ddng; Luc bo ThUdng thu mdi thudng cho (ten quan chQc, chQc vu ...) Long tinh<br /> thang 100 ddng; Tham tri mdi thang 70 ddng; (hang...) de td long sung ai dac biet. Kham tai!<br /> Chanh Tam pham Thi lang moi thang 50 ddng; Ngay thang nam d Kinh do nUdc Dai Nam<br /> Tdng Tam pham linh Thi lang hoae Bien ly mdi Kinh dgc: L l bd ThUdng thu ....<br /> thang 45 ddng... Pham ham cua cu Tran Luu Hug (Ngudn: Khdm dinh Dqi Nam Hoi dien sU le<br /> la Nhat pham nhung chUc ngang ThUdng thu nen tuc bien, tap 1, Nxb. Giao due, Ha Noi, 2004, tr.<br /> ludng bo'ng hang thang la 100 ddng. I l l - 113).<br /> (40). Td dau ciia sach ghi ro: Thdnh Thdi thap (44). Qudc SQ quan trieu Nguyen: Dqi Nam<br /> luc nien tii nguyet thdp ngu nhdt Trdn Liiu Tue thiic luc Chinh bien De luc ky Phu bien, Q, 19, td<br /> phung bien trinh (tQc ngay 15 thang 4 nam Thanh 11 (ban chQ Han).<br /> Thai thQ 16 1904). Tai ligu nay hign luu giQ tai (45). Ban dich cua NguySn Quang Hdng - Vien<br /> Trung tam LQu trQ Qudc gia I (Ha Ndi). Nghien cQu Han Nom.<br /> (41). Ky higu kho sach Vien Nghien cQu Han (46). Theo Gia pha cho biet: phan md ciia dng d<br /> Ndm VHv 43/1 - 2. Ngudn: Di sdn Hdn Ndm - Thii lang Nhan Muc huyen Thanh Tri, tinh Ha Ndi<br /> muc de yeu, tap 3, Nxb. Khoa hgc xa hgi, Ha Ngi, (nay thugc phudng Nhan Chinh, quan Thanh<br /> 1993, tr. 89 - 90. Xuan, Thanh phd Ha Ndi).<br /> (42). Chau ban trieu Nguyen: de ngay 21 thang (47). Theo tai lieu cua Cue LQu trQ dia chinh,<br /> 12 nam Thanh Thai thQ 6 (1894) [td 202, tap 21]. trong quyen dia ba ky hieu 03 (81) Ha Dong,<br /> (43). Long Bdi tinh: Thanh Tri, KhQdng Dinh "102" khu ruong cd sd<br /> Trang tri kieu hoa van dang rdng, hai ben trai thQ tQ 433, mang sd hieu 472, dien tich 1080m<br /> 2<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> la nghi trQdng cua nude Dai Nam... Boi tinh phan nim 5 dia phan lang Chinh Kinh, ten chu da't<br /> chia lam hai nganh van va vd; mdi nganh phan Tran LQu Can (chau ndi cu Trin LQu Hue). Phin<br /> lam 5 bac. Nganh van: Nha't dang la Khdi Ky bdi mg cua cu Trin LQu Hug dugc xay cit trong khu<br /> tinh; Nhi dang la ChUdng Hien Bdi tinh; Tam rudng nay.<br />