Thư tịch cổ viết về Vũ Hồn

/f<br /> THIT TICH CO VIET VE VC H 6 ] \<br /> <br /> NGUYfiN HtTU TAM*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> T rong cac thU tieh ed Viet Nam, nhu<br /> An Nam chi iQdc, Dq.i Viet sQ ki<br /> todn thQ, Khdm dinh Viet sQ thdng gidm<br /> tQ nfim Khanh Lich thQ 4 (1044), Tdng<br /> Nhfin tdng ra Ipnh cho Tdiig Ky, sau nfiy Ifi<br /> Au DUdng Tu chii tri vipe bien soan lai<br /> cQdng muc (1)... chung ta cd the d i dfing DQdng thQ, sau 17 nfim vdi sU tham gia ciia<br /> nhfin thfi'y ngudn tU lipu chfnh viet ve Vu nhieu ngUdi, bp sfich vdi ten gpi Tdn DQdng<br /> Hdn, mfi cae sach dUa ra deu cd xufit xQ tQ thQ dupe hofin thfinh vfio nfim Gia HUu thQ<br /> Tdn DQdng thQ trong bp Nhi thdp tQ sQ ciia 5 (1060), (sau dd, d l phfin bi§t vdi b^ sach<br /> Trung Qude. Bp sach dUde soan dUdi thdi nfiy thi ngUdi ddi thudng gpi DQdng thQ<br /> Tdng Nhfin tdng, vua thQ tU eiia Bfic Tdng thfinh COu DQdng thQ).<br /> Trung Qudc, d ngdi dupe 42 nfim (1022- Bp sfich Tdn DQdng thQ vSn giQ nguySn<br /> 1063). TrUdc khi trich dfin nguyen vfin cfich bien soan theo t h i tfii ky truyen ciia<br /> phfin viet ve Vu Hdn, chung ta cung nhau DQdng thQ, nhUng v l npi dung eung tU li$u<br /> tim hieu sd lUde hofin canh ra ddi, npi dung dupe bd sung, siia chQa, nit gpn, cai tidn<br /> khfii quat eung cac tfic gia cua bp sach, dl hdn nhieu. Tofin bp sach gdm 225 quyin<br /> cd the phfin nfio nhan thQc dUde gifi tri dfch trong dd phfin Di ky 10 quyin, Chi 50<br /> thue vfi dp tin efiy eua cac tU lipu dUde sQ quyin, Bii'u 15 quyin, Li^t truyen 150<br /> dung trong bp sach nfiy. quyin. Theo thdng ke phfin £)^ ky ciia<br /> DQdng thQ ch6p tdi hdn 300 nghin chQ<br /> Bp sach DQdng thQ sau ddi gpi la Ciiu<br /> Han, Tdn DQdng thQ nit cdn 90 nghin chQ,<br /> DQdng thQ do LUu Hue, TrUdng Chieu Viin<br /> tuy ngfin gpn nhUng thong tin dUpc bd sung<br /> bien soan vdo ddi Hau Tfin, hofin thfinh<br /> trong dd lai nhieu hdn. Tdn DQdng thQ cfit<br /> nfim Khai Vfin thQ 2 (945), gdm 200 quyin<br /> giam 61 nhfin vfit trong phfin Li^t truy$n,<br /> viet ve lich sii ddi Dudng, tQ Dudng Thai td<br /> song lai tfing them 331 nhfin vfit khfic c6<br /> nfim Vu DQc thQ nhfi't (618) den Dudng Ai<br /> nhieu lien quan tdi lich sii ddi Dudng. B$<br /> de nfim Thien HUu thQ 4 (907). Sau khi<br /> sfich cdn bd sung them ba thien phfin Chi,<br /> DQdng thQ ra ddi, dU lufin cd y kien phd<br /> bdn thien phfin Bii'u.<br /> binh ve each bien soan, sii lipu ehUa dUde<br /> dfiy dii, nhieu cho sai Ifim chUa dUpe hipu Cd the nhfin thfiy nhQng sU ki^n ljch aii<br /> chinh tdt, dfic bipt phfin viet ve hfiu ky ddi ddi Dudng, dfic bipt hfiu k^ ddi Dudng dUpc<br /> Dudng cdn thieu cfin phai bd sung. Bfit dfiu chdp trong Tdn DQdng thQ dfiy dii hdn<br /> <br /> <br /> • Th.S. Vipn SQ hpc<br /> 44 R g h i ^ curu Lich siSr. sd 4.2009<br /> <br /> DQdng thQ. Bp Tdn DQdng thQ bien soan gia va ludn ho trd cho nhau, cung cfip<br /> them phfin Binh chi, Tuyen cQ chi, Nghi vi nhQng sii lieu cfin thiet de gidi nghien cQu<br /> chi, day Ifi Ifin dfiu tien nhiing phfin Chi cd t h i tim hieu lich sii ddi Dudng (618 -<br /> nfiy dUde ehinh thQc chdp trong qudc aii 907) mdt each dfiy du, tofin dipn.<br /> Trung Qudc. Tii ddi Tdng trd ve sau, lich sii<br /> cua cfic trieu dai deu tiep tyc ke thQa Ve eac tac gia ciia Tdn DQdng thQ, dfiu<br /> phUdng thQc bien soan nfiy. Au DQdng Tu tien chiing ta phai nhfie den Tdng Ky (998 -<br /> eung Tdng Ky da khdi phyc lai truyen 1061). Ong sinh tai Yen Lye, Yen Chau ddi<br /> thdng thiet lfip phfin Bilu trong bp SQ ky Bfic Tdng (nay thupc tinh Hd Bfic, Trung<br /> ciia Tu Ma Thien vfi bp Hdn thQ cua Ban Qudc), ten tu Ifi T^ Kinh, do Tien si vfio<br /> Co', xay diing them 4 Bilu trong Tdn DQdng nien hipu Thien Thanh (1023-1032) ddi vua<br /> thQ gdm: Te tQdng, PhQdng trdn, Tdn thdt Tdiig Nhan tdng, tiing thfing chQc Hfin Ifim<br /> the he vfi Te tQdng thi'hi. Vipe lfip 4 Bilu Hpc si. Nfim Khanh Lich thQ 4 (1044),<br /> tren dfi eung cfi'p nhieu tU lieu cfin thiet d l Nhfin tong ban chieu thfinh lfip DQdng thQ<br /> giup cho ngudi dpc de dfing tim hieu tinh cue giao eho Tong Ky phy trach, tien hfinh<br /> hinh dUng dfit, dien each, phe Ifip cung ten bien soan lai sach DQdng thQ, ddng thdi<br /> gpi vfi thdi gian giQ quyen ciia cac T l dng cdn kiem nhipm chQc Tri chfiu. Do edng<br /> tudng, nfim vQng sU phat triln, tieu vong, vipe qufi nhieu, nen sau gfin 10 nfim Tdng<br /> qua trinh thdng nhfi't, ly tan eua cac phien Ky vfin chUa the hofin thfinh vipe bien soan<br /> trfi'n dia phUdng, diin bien eiia cfic chi phfii lai bp sach. Nfim Chf Hofi thQ nhfit (1054),<br /> trong tdn thfi't... cua ddi Dudng. Trong dd trieu dinh nhfi Torig quydt dinh cii Au<br /> Te tQdng the hi Bii'u noi trdi hdn ca, nd rfit DUdng Tu ehu tri bien soan vfi phy trach<br /> thufin tien cho viec tra cQu than the, sU cfic phfin Bdn ky, Chi, Bii'u, Td'ng Ky<br /> nghipp eiia tQng nhan vfit. Phfin Bilu eiia chuyen trach phfin Liet truyin. Nfim Gia<br /> Tdn DQdng thQ dUpe bd sung hdn 2000 sii Huu thQ 5 (1060) bp sach dQdc hofin thfinh,<br /> kipn lich sii, ngudn tU lipu phfin ldn dUde trong dd phfin Liet truyin 150 quyen deu do<br /> chfit Ipc tQ gia pha, bi ky, tilu thuyet... dfi Tdng Ky bien soan. Sau khi sach trinh len<br /> qua thfim dinh tUdng dd'i ky efing, nhQng tQ vua, dng dUde thfing chQc Ta thQa, tiep<br /> lieu eua sfi'm ky, eac truypn hoang dudng, theo lai dUde giQ chQe ThUdng thU Bp Cdng.<br /> quai dan deu khong chdp vfio. Nfim 1061, Tdng Ky qua ddi, hudng thp 63<br /> tudi, dUdc ban ten thyy Ifi Canh Vfin.<br /> Bp sach tQng dUde cae hpc gia nhfin dinh<br /> Ddng Chu bien cua Tdn DQdng thQ Ifi<br /> "sQ kien tdng hdn sdch cd, vdn phong tinh<br /> Au DUdng Tu (1007-1072), ngudi dfit Ld<br /> gian hdn ciiu sit", sfich cu vd cUu sii deu chi<br /> Lfing, Cfit Chau ddLTdhg (nay Ifi Cfit An,<br /> bp DQdng thQ.<br /> tinh Giang Tay, Trung Qudc), ten tU Ifi<br /> NhUng Tdn DQdng thQ vfi DQdng thQ Vinh Thue, ten hipu Ifi Tuy Ong, ve gifi lai<br /> (Ciiu DQdng thQ) deu cd nhQng sd tnidng cd hipu Ifi Luc Nhfit cU si. 6 n g sinh ra<br /> vfi sd doan rieng. Neu nhU COu DQdng thQ trong mpt gia dinh nghdo tiing, song rfi't<br /> vfin bao lUu dUpe nhieu tU lipu nguyen hieu hpc, ed cau ehuypn ve vipe hoi cdn nhd<br /> thuy, thi Tdn DQdng thQ lai phong phu hdn dng tQng dung que vach len dfit d l luy§n<br /> ve tu Hpu cua ddi Tdng bd sung cho Ciiu chQ. Nfim Thien Thfinh thQ 8 ddi Tdng<br /> DQdng thQ. Cd the ndi gia tri eiia hai bp Nhan tdng (1030), dng do Tidn si, sau dd<br /> sach sii Tdn, Ciiu DQdng thQ vd cung quy nhieu nfim dng giQ chQc Tri chfiu, dUpe<br /> Thu hch cd viet ve Vu I)6n 45<br /> <br /> thfing chQc Han lam Hoc si, rdi chdc Khu Trd lai vdi phfin viet ve Vu Hdn trong<br /> mat Phd sQ, Tham Tri chi'nh sU... Nam Tdn DQdng thii 8, Ban ky 8, td 9b va td 10a,<br /> 1054, dng dupe vua Td'ng Nhan tong ha nguyen vfin: =. ^ ... -\— .3... S M 5 IL S S<br /> chieu cho phu trach bien soan lai DQdng ilS BS ffi S )1 (4), phien am nhu sau: (Hdi<br /> XQdng) tam niin ... Thap nhdt nguyi t ...<br /> thii, sau 7 ndm bp sach dUde hodn thanh<br /> An Nam qudn loan true ky Kinh iQdc sQ Vu<br /> vdi ten gpi Ifi Tdn Dudng thQ. Au DUdng Tu<br /> Hdn.<br /> chu bien toan bp sach va bien soan phfin<br /> Dich nghia: (Hpi XUdng) nam thQ ba<br /> Bdn ky 10 quyen, Chi 50 quyen, Bieu 15<br /> (843) ... Thang 11 ... loan quan An Nam<br /> quyen. Sau khi hoan thanh bp sach, dng<br /> dudi Vu Hon, Kinh lUdc sQ (ciia vung da't<br /> dupe thfing Thi lang Bp Le kiem Hdn Lam<br /> dd).<br /> vien Thi dpc Hoc si. Ong mat ndm Hy Ninh<br /> Theo nhQng tU lieu cua Tdn DQdng thit<br /> thQ 5 (1072), hUdng thp 65 tudi, dupe ban ma chung toi thu nhan dUdc, thi chi cd<br /> ten thuy la Van Trung. Ong de lai nhieu thdng tin: Kinh iQdc sQAn Nam Id Vu Hdn<br /> tac pham cd gia tri, ddc biet tren linh viic bi loan qudn dudi trong ndm Hdi XQdng<br /> vdn hpc va sQ hpc, dUdc ngUdi ddi ca tung Id thQ 3 ddi vua DQdng Vu tdng (843). Chung<br /> mpt trong "Ditdng Td'ng bdt dg.i gia" (2). tdi diia vao lich ddi chieu giQa dUdng lich<br /> Hau the thUdng nhfie tdi Au DUdng Tu vdi vd ndng lich Trung Qudc, biet rfing ngay 1<br /> tu each tac gia ciia bp Tdn Diidng thQ, bdi thang 11 nfim Hpi XUdng thQ 3 tUc nam<br /> hp Au la ngUdi ehu tri bien soan lan cudi Quy Hdi, la thang dii 30 ngdy, bfit dau tQ<br /> trUdc khi bp sach dUdc edng bd, nhUng thiic ngay 25 thang 11 ndm 843 va ket thuc la<br /> chat Tdn DQdng thQ dUdc soan bdi mpt tap ngay 24 thang 12 nam 843 (5). Tdn Diidng<br /> thQ chi chep sii kien dien ra vfio thang 11<br /> the nhQng nha bac hpc ndi tieng ddi Td'ng,<br /> md khdng chdp ngay cu the nen chung ta<br /> trong dd phai ke den Tdng Ky ngUdi da<br /> chi cd the neu chung loan quan dudi Kinh<br /> theo dudi edng viec tQ khi bfit dau tdi khi<br /> lUdc sQ Vu Hdn vao cudi thang 11 dau<br /> bp sach dUde hoan thanh, ngodi ra cdn cd thang 12 ndm 843.<br /> Luu Hy Vfin, Mai Nghieu Thfin... Cho nen NhUng tQ nhQng chi dfin it di tren cung<br /> gidi sQ hpc Trung Qude thUdng coi Tdng Ky dii de cho phep chung ta khfing dinh: Cd<br /> va Au DUdng Tu la Ddng Chu bien Tdn mpt nhan vat lich sQ ten la Vu Hdn da hien<br /> DQdng thQ. dien trong ddi DUdng Vii tdng (841-846),<br /> tQng nhfim chQe lam quan tdi Kinh lUde sQ<br /> Chung tdi da tim trong Ciiu DQdng thQ,<br /> d Viet Nam, bi loan quan dudi vao cudi<br /> ky Vu tdng, nien hieu Hpi XUdng thQ ba, ndm 843. Cdn viec cae bp chi'nh sQ cua Viet<br /> thang 11, chi tha'y chdp duy nhat mpt sQ Nam nhu Dg.i Viet sQ ky todn thii (Todn<br /> kien: Vua (Vu tdng) ban sfic lenh eho be thQ) vk sau nay la Khdm dinh Viet sic<br /> tdi tinh giam sd lUdng cfic quan dU thQa thdng gidm CQdng muc (CQdng muc), ghi<br /> nhieu trong trieu vd cac dia phUdng (3). chep nhieu hdn ve Vii Hdn va cd nhieu<br /> Nhu vay phfin viet ve Vu Hdn trong Tdn khac biet so vdi Tdn DQdng thQ thi cfin<br /> DQdng thQ la do cae hpc gia ddi Tdng sUu phai tiep can theo hUdng nghien cQu khac.<br /> tfim, ehpn liia chdp them vdo, ma d day Dfiu tien, chung ta cung nhau tim hieu<br /> nhQng tU lieu dUdc phan anh trong cac bp<br /> cdng lao chfnh thupc ve Au DUdng Tu,<br /> tu sii cixa Viet Nam trUdc khi xufit hien bp<br /> ngUdi da bien soan todn bp phan Ky ciia<br /> Todn thQ.<br /> Tdn DQdng thU.<br /> 46 Rghien curu Lich siir. sd 4.2009<br /> <br /> Bd sach Viet sQ iQdc khuyet danh, ra ddi "Quy Hen [843], (DQdng Hdi XQdng ndm thQ<br /> khoang cudi nha Tran, dUdc lUu giQ tai TQ 3). Kinh iQcic sQ Vd Hdn bdt tQdng si ddp<br /> khd todn thQ tdng muc di yeu ciia Trung sQa thdnh phu, tQdng si ldm loan, dot Idu<br /> Qude. Nfim 1993, bp Viet sQ iQdc dupe dich thdnh, cQdp kho phu. Hdn chay ve Quang<br /> gia Nguyin Gia TUdng eho ra mfit ban dpc Chdu. Gidm qudn Id Dodn Si Tdc vd yin<br /> vdi nhan de Dg.i Viet sQ iQdc, phan viet ve dQdc qudn ldm log.n" (10). Chung ta nhan<br /> Vu Hdn nhu sau: Vu Hon, ngQdi thdi Vu tha'y giQa hai bp sach da cd nhQng xuat<br /> Tdng (841-846) nhd DQdng. Dich gia ed chu nhap: Todn thQ xac dinh nam Vu Hdn<br /> thfeh: Dudng Vu tong ten Id Trien, con ciia nham chQc Kinh lUdc sQ vfio nfim 841, vfi<br /> vua Muc tdng d ngdi dUde 6 nam (6). Chung den nfim 843 xay ra sU kien Vu Hdn bfit<br /> tdi cfin cQ vao ban dich Viet sQ iQdc dUdc tudng si dfip sQa phii thanh, tUdng si lam<br /> cdng bd' vdo nam 1960, cung chi dua ra loan, do't Ifiu thanh cUdp kho... va Ciidng<br /> thdng tin: Vd Hon, ngQdi ddi Vu tdng (841- muc chi chep vao ndm 841 Vu Hdn nham<br /> 846). Phfin ehu thfeh eiia ban dich ndy rat chQc, sau dd dien ra sU kien da d i n md<br /> dang chu y: Vu Hon ldm Kinh iQdc sQ An khdng ghi rd vao nfim nao. Mat khac, Todn<br /> Nam, de'n ndi bdt tUdng si sQa phu thdnh, thii chep la "tQdng si ldm loan", Ciidng muc<br /> qudn linh ndi day cQdp kho dg.n (843), Vu lai chep "qudn linh d phu Dd hd lai khdi<br /> Hdn phdi chg,y vi chdu Quang. Gidm qudn locin".<br /> Dodn Si Tdc chiiu du bon qudn log.n. Dich<br /> gia de rd xuat xQ tQ Tdn DQdng thQ q.8, td Bp sach An Nam chi iQcJc do Le Tfic bien<br /> 9a (7). Chung toi da tra Tdn DQdng thQ chi soan khoang vao nhQng nam dfiu the ky<br /> thu dupe 16 chQ Han viet ve Vu Hdn chep XrV phfin chep ve Vu Hdn:<br /> tai Bdn ky 8, td 9b va td 10a nhU da dfin d Nguyen vdn: Stil^&SffiitifflS, § 1 H ^<br /> tren. Phai ehfing nhQng tu lieu chdp ve Vu M ii w m m {W).<br /> Hdn nhU: bdt tQdng si sQa phu thdnh... Phien am: Vd Hdn vi An Nam kinh iQdc,<br /> chay ve chdu Quang... chieu du bpn qudn Hdi XQdng tam nien vi log.n qudn sd true.<br /> loan... dich gia diia vfio ghi chep eiia Todn<br /> Dich nghia: Vu Hdn ldm Kinh lUdc An<br /> thQ vfi CQdng muc d l ehu thfeh (8)? CQdng<br /> Nam, nam Hpi XUdng thQ 3 (843) bi loan<br /> muc do Qud'c sd quan trieu Nguyen bien<br /> quan duoi.<br /> soan chi chdp chung vao "ndm Tdn Ddu<br /> (841), Nhd DQdng diing Vd Hdn ldm Kinh So vdi tu lieu ghi trong Tdn DQdng thQ,<br /> iQdc sQ. Vu Hon din ncfi, bdt tQdng si sQa cd the doan dinh Le Tfic khi cU tru tai<br /> phu thdnh, qudn linh d phd Dd hd lai khdi Trung Qud'c tQng tham khao Bfic sQ, da<br /> loan, dot lau thdnh cQdp kho dan. Vd Hon chep lai dung npi dung cua Tdn Ditdng thQ,<br /> phdi chay vi Quang Chdu. Vien gidm qudn chi cd dieu ngQ phap sQ dung trong An<br /> Id Dodn Si Tdc dep yen ddm qudn linh ldm Nam chi iQdc gfin gui each viet cua ngUdi<br /> locin. Giao Chdu mdi dQdc yen" (9). Todn Viet Nam. Tdm lai, theo nhQng ghi chep<br /> thQ trong phfin Ngoai ky quyen V chep: ciia cae bp tu sQ ra ddi vdo the ky XIV dfiu<br /> "Tdn Ddu [841], (DQdng Vu tdng Viem, Hdi XV, dac biet ghi chep ciia An Nam chi iQcJc<br /> XQcfng ndm thQ 1). Vua DQdng xud'ng chieu chi cung cfi'p thdng tin: Vd Hon ldm Kinh<br /> lay Vu Hdn ldm Kinh iQdc sQ thay Hdn iQdc sQ An Nam, bi loan qudn dudi vdo<br /> Ude", ngay doan tiep sau Todn thQ chep: ndm 843, tQc Ifi nhfie lai sii lieu da dUdc ghi<br /> trong bp Tdn DQdng thQ.<br /> Thu Hch c^ v i a vi Vu ft6n 47<br /> <br /> <br /> Vi sao den nhQng thfip nien 80 ciia thd ky Gido mdc ddy dQdng, ddu chang bpn gidc<br /> XV, theo l§nh cua Vua Le Thanh Tdng, nhfi cuong Minh: sdch vd cd nQdc diu thdnh tro<br /> sii hpc Ngd Si Lien vidt bp qudc sii Todre thQ tdn tai Qdng".<br /> vfi dupc cac sii gia khac tidp tyc bd sung vao Chiing ta deu biet nfim 1479, Le Thanh<br /> cac thd ky sau, da gifinh nhQng ddng ghi Tdng "sai sQ quan tu soan Ngd Si Liin soan<br /> ch6p ky hdn v l Vu Hdn? Phfin viet vd Vu Dai Viet sQ ky todn thQ 15 quyen". Chfnh vi<br /> Hdn lai dUdc chinh thQc ghi trong qudc sii vua tfii gidi sang sudt vdi nhfin quan sau<br /> nhu da trich dfin d tren? Dieu nfiy ed t h i giai sfic ve y thQc dpc lfip qudc gia, tofin vpn<br /> thich dUqIc khi chiing ta tim hilu ve thdi lanh thd vfi vfin hidn dfin tpc da sdm chufin<br /> dilm xufi't hi^n gia pha hp Vu d Mp Trach hi vipe bien soan qudc sii. Trong 38 nfim<br /> eung tinh hinh bidn soan qudc sii ddi Le. nfim giQ vUdng quyen, Le Thanh Tdng da<br /> Vu PhUdng De trong cudn sach Cdng dQ hai Ifin ha chieu cho qufin thfin sUu tfip tU<br /> tiip ky, phfin The gia khi chdp ve hp Vu d lieu trong dfin gian. Dieu nfiy da dUdc hai<br /> Mp Trach cd cung cfip thdng tin: Ddi vua sii gia la Ngd Si Lien vfi Le Quy Ddn phan<br /> Trfin Minh Tong nhfi Trfin (1314-1329), anh trong cfic cdng trinh sii hpc cua minh.<br /> Nghieu Ta vfi em Ifi Ndng (theo gia pha chdp Trong Bfii tUa sfich Todn thQ, Ngd Si Li6n<br /> Ifi Han Bi) eung thi. Hai anh em ndi tieng Ifi chdp: "Khoang ndm Quang Thudn (1460-<br /> hay chQ vfi Ifim quan tdi chQe Nhfip thi 1469) xud'ng chieu tim kiem dd sQ vd cdc<br /> Hfinh khiln Ta Bpe xa (12). Cae dng bfit dfiu truyen ky xQa nay do cdc tQ nhdn cdt giQ<br /> tim toi tdng phai, lipt ke the thQ, khoa danh diu ra linh ddng lin died sdn tham khdo"<br /> vfi tQde trdt. TQ dd mdi ed tai Hpu dl khao (14). Sach Dai Viit thdng sQ (hay lA triiu<br /> cQu (13)... NhQ vfiy, vfio dfiu the ky XIV, hp thdng sQ) eua sii gia hp Le vidt: "Vua<br /> Vu d MO Tr^ch bfit dfiu cd gia pha, cho den Thdnh Tdng [1460-1497] ham thich sdch<br /> thd ky XVIII, nhQng nfim 1767-1769, hfiu vd: hoi ddu ndm Quang Thudn [1460-<br /> du§ hp Vu Ifi Vu PhUdng Lan, Vu The Nho, 1469], ha chieu tim tbi cdc dd sit, thu thdp<br /> Vu Tong Hai cdn ed ed hpi dUa vfio nhQng truyin ky co kim cbn chQa d cdc nhd riing<br /> phfin eon lai nhU Tdng phdi dd trong gia pha ha linh cho dem ddng len tdt cd. Khoang<br /> the ky XTV ciia anh em Vu Nghieu Tfi, Vu ndm Hong DQc [1470-1497] nhd vua lai ha<br /> Han Bi d l bien soan Mp Trach Vu tdc tMh^ chieu cdu nhQng sdch cbn sdt lai dem chQa<br /> sQ tich. Qua nhQng thong tin chfit Ipc dUpc, cdt d Bi cdc". Sii gia hp Le cdn cho bidt:<br /> chung ta cd t h i khfing dinh: Hp Vu d Mp trong dip nfiy nhieu ngUdi dUa ra ca sach<br /> Trach bien soan gia pha vfio nhQng thfip quy, hiem la, ngay ca nhQng sach bf truyin<br /> ni§n dfiu thd ky XTV vfi gia pha hp Vu Ifi mpt eung ddu dUde khen thudng. Vi vfiy "...<br /> trong nhQng ban gia pha ra ddi sdm nhfit tai NhQng sdch cda ddi trQdc cung ddn ddn<br /> Vi$t Nam. Mfit khfic do y thQc giQ gin bao dQdc dQa ra" (15). Tfi't ca nhQng dieu tren<br /> mfit ciia tofin t h i tpc hp Vu d Mp Trach vfi Ifi minh chQng cho sQ no liic vi cdng vi^e<br /> cung cd phfin nfio do duyen may eua lich sii bien soan qudc; sii eiia Le Thanh Tdng eung<br /> mfi gia pha hp Vu thofit khdi nan binh hoa, nhQng sii thfin dUdi trieu Le. Cong vipe nfiy<br /> tranh dupe sU tript ha vfin hoa tfin khdc do dupe sU hdp tfic nhidt tinh trfin dfiy y thQc<br /> Minh Thfinh td tien hfinh khi xfim lUpe bao tdn truyen thdng vfin hoa dan tpc ciia<br /> Vi^t Nam vfio dfiu thd ky XV. Sii gia Ngd Si nhieu tfing Idp nhfin dan tai cae vung mien<br /> Li§n dfi tQng chi ro tpi fie gific Minh doi vdi khac nhau eiia dfi't nUdc. Vipe viet qudc sii<br /> ndn vfin hofi dan t^c nUde ta nhU sau "... Ifi mpt sU ke thQa cd ehpn Ipc cae bp aii ciia<br /> 4S Rghi&n curu Ljch sJr. s6 4.2009<br /> <br /> tien trieu, cpng vdi sii tim tdi phfit hipn sii Viec bien scan quoc sii cQng dUdc cfic<br /> lieu mdi trong cfic ngudn-tU Hdu dan gian vua trieu Nguyen quan tam, dfic bift vua<br /> vfi sii sfing tao eua ngUdi bien soan... Chfnh Tu DQc da Ipnh cho cac sii t h i n phai sdm<br /> vi vfiy trong phfin Pham Ip, vipe bien soan hofin thfinh bp qudc ail. 6 n g tQng ndi:" Niu<br /> sach Todn thQ da dUde cac Sii thfin trieu Le bp Viet sQ (tQc bp Khdm dinh Viit sit thdng<br /> giai thfeh kha ey t h i : "Sdch ndy ldm ra gdc gidm cQOng muc - NHT) chQa ldm xong Id<br /> d hai bd Dai Viet SQ ky cda Li Vdn HQu vd mpt khuyit dii'm ciia thdi thinh tri". Tidp<br /> cda Phan Phu Tien, tham khao thim Bac sau, Tu DQc "ha linh cho nho thdn, tim<br /> sQ, dd sQ, cdc bdn truyen chi vd nhvtng viec rpng cd dd sQ tdng trQ d nhd tQ, tham khdo<br /> nghe thdy truyin lai, roi khdo dinh biin tap vdi sQ chep viic nQdc ngodi da Trung<br /> md thdnh" (16). NhU vfiy, eong viec bien Qudc" (17). Bp CQdng muc do Qudic sii quan<br /> soan qud'c sii ngay tQ dau da xac dinh dUdc trieu Nguyin bien soan da ke thQa cd phe<br /> mpt hudng bd sung tU lieu quan trpng Ifi phfin nhQng ghi chdp ciia cac bp sii trUdc<br /> thu thfip, xvt ly nhQng tU lieu thfinh van va dfic bipt Ifi bp Todn thQ. Cac sii thfin trieu<br /> truyen khfiu trong nhan dfin tai cfic dia Nguyin trong phfin cfin an sau khi tham<br /> phUdng trong ca nUdc. bac cac tfii li^u, trong dd chii yeu Ifi phfin<br /> Theo Qe doan chu quan vfi dUa vfio tinh Lipt truypn trong bd DQdng thQ da dUa ra<br /> hinh thUc td vipe viet qudc sii dudi thdi Le, mpt cai chfnh theo chung toi Ifi hpp ly vfi<br /> chung tdi cho rfing gia pha ciia hp Vu d Mp chinh xac: ngUdi tien nhipm ciia Vii Hdn<br /> Trach ed le dfi dupc thu thfip trong nhiing phai la Ma ThUc chQ khong phai Hfin \Sdc<br /> ddt sUu tfim tu lipu thdi Le Thanh Tdng. (18). Dilu nfiy cung dUpc cac nhfi hpc gia<br /> Dieu nfiy phu hdp vdi ehu tnidng chung ciia Trung Qudc khao cQu vfi khfing dinh trong<br /> nhQng cdng bo nghien cQu gfin day. Phfin<br /> trieu dinh ddi Le va hdn nQa vung Hai Dong<br /> "Khao ve cac ThQ sii ddi Dudng" (DQdng<br /> d the ky XV la ndi phat triln manh me v l<br /> ThQ sQ khdo) ciia tac gia Utft Hiln Hao di^a<br /> eac mfit kinh te vfi khoa cii. Lfing Mp Trach<br /> vao ghi chdp ciia COu DQdng thQ, Tdn<br /> eiia xQ Ddng xUa ndi tieng Ifi "Tien si sao",<br /> DQdng thQ, TQ tri thdng gidm, Todn DQdng<br /> nhieu ngUdi do dat thfinh danh trong chdn<br /> thQ vfi nhieu minh vfin khfic tren bia, midu<br /> khoa trUdng vfi quan tnidng. Mfi anh em Vu<br /> mp... dUa ra so lipu thdng ke hp ten cfic ThQ<br /> Nghieu Ta vfi Vu Ndng deu thi do, ndi tieng<br /> sii cung thdi gian tri vi tai An Nam Do h0<br /> vfin hpc, giQ trpng trach trong trieu Trfin,<br /> phu da chdp ro: Ma ThUc (tQ nfim Khai<br /> chfic chfin cd anh hudng khdng nho den viec<br /> Thfinh thQ nhfi't ddn nfim Khai Thfinh thQ<br /> hien dUdng ddng hp Vu. Cho nen nhQng be<br /> 5 (836 - 840), tiep sau dd ch6p tdi Vii Hdn<br /> tdi eiia trieu Le trong qua trinh tien hfinh<br /> (nfim Hpi XUdng thQ 3 (843) (19).<br /> dieu tra, khao sat, thu thfip sii lieu khong<br /> t h i bd qua vung dfi't Hai Ddng ndi chung vfi Vdi nhQng phfin ghi chdp thSm v l Vii<br /> lfing Mp Trach ndi rieng dUdc. Dfin lfing Mp Hdn tuy vfin chUa dUde d i y dii trong chinh<br /> Trach, trong dd cd con chau hp Vu ciing sfin aii, song cung giup chiing ta ngfiy nay c6 t h i<br /> sfing cung cfi'p nhQng tU lipu quy hiem, k l ca hilu them p h i n nfio hfinh trang ciia m^t vj<br /> ban gia pha cua ddng hp minh. Sau khi siiu Kinh IU(?c sQ song vfio thd ky EC. Kdt h #<br /> tfim ve, cac sii gia trieu Le phai lao tam khd giQa ghi ch6p trong cac bp sach vfi nghiSn<br /> tQ, thfim dinh, lUa ehpn, ddi chieu rdi mdi cQu ciia ca Trung Quoc vfi Vi§t Nam, chung<br /> dam ha biit viet len nhiJng ddng sii lUu ta cd the dUa ra mdt ket lu^in: VQ Hdn giQ<br /> truyen hfiu the. chQc Kinh luqic sQ t^i Vi^t Nam tQ nftm 841<br /> Thir Hch c^ v i a v& Vu 1^6n 49<br /> <br /> <br /> ddn nfim 843. Ddng thdi c h u n g ta cung ghi t r a n trpng h d n doi vdi cac di s a n vfin hofi ciia<br /> nhfin sU ddng gdp tfch ciic, bd s u n g eiia gia t i l n nhfin di lai, kfnh trpng hdn y thQc ton<br /> p h a hp V u Mp T r a c h cho p h i n k h i e m vinh ddng hp mfi trong dd hp Vu d M$ Trach<br /> k h u y e t t r o n g qudic sii. Vi vfiy c h u n g t a efing xiing dfing Ifi mpt ddng hp tieu b i l u .<br /> <br /> CHIJ THfCH<br /> (1). Dl trfinh lfip lai nhilu trong khi trfch din, (8). Dai Vift sd ky todn thU. T.I; Nxb. Khoa hpc<br /> chiing t5i xin vilft t i t Todn thU Ai chi b§ Dai Viit xfi h§i, Hfi N§i, 1983, tr. 184-185. Qu6c axt qufin<br /> sut ki todn thu, vfi Ciicfng muc Ai chi b§ Khdm dinh trilu Nguyin: Khdm dinh Viit sit thdng gidm cUcfng<br /> Vi^t sit thdng gidm cUcfng muc (NHT). muc, T.I, Nxb. Gifio dye, Hfi Npi, 1998, tr. 199.<br /> (2). Ddi Tong c6 2 ngUdi Ifi: Hfin Du, Liiu Tong (9). Khdm dinh Viet sd thdng gidm cUctng muc,<br /> Nguyen, deli DUcing c6 6 ngUdi Ifi: Au Dudng Tu, TS sdd, tr. 199.<br /> Tuin, To Thiic (tiic To Dong Pha), To Tri^t, Tfing (10), (14), (16). Dcii Viet sd ky todn thU. T.I, sdd,<br /> Ciing vfi Vudng An Thaeh gpp lai thfinh Dudng tr. 184-185, 100, 83.<br /> Tdng bdt dai gia. (11). An Nam chi luac. [Vi§t] L6 Tfic so^in, Vii<br /> ThUcjng Thanh dilm hi§u; Trung Hoa thU cvc,<br /> (3). Nhi thdp ngu sd, Cifii Dudng thU, Bdn ky<br /> Tiing thu sii tjch giao thong Trung ngo?ii; Bic<br /> d$ thdp bdt (ThUdng). Vu tdng ky; ThUcjng Hai co<br /> Kinh. 1995, tr. 226 (Trung vfin).<br /> tjch xufi't ban xa, ThUcjng Hai, 1987, tr. 3557.<br /> ^(12). Theo £J(ii Viit sit ky todn thU, ni6n hifu<br /> (4). Chiing toi sii dicing b$ Nhi thdp tdsil, Sdc dn<br /> Khai Thai thii 6 ddi vua Trin Minh T6ng (1329):<br /> bdch ru^p bdn, Tdn Dudng thU, Bdn ky di bdt, Vd<br /> "Lfi'y Vu Nghieu Tfi Ifim Nhfip N§i hfinh khiln M6n<br /> tdng ky, td 9a vfi 10b; ThUdng vu ft'n thU qufin xufi't<br /> h? hQu ty Lang trung. Nghigu Tfi (ngudi Hfing<br /> ban, Bfic Kinh, 1958. Chung toi con doi chid'u v6i<br /> Chfiu), vdi em Ifi Nong, diu do ciing m$t khoa hfii<br /> Nhi thdp ngu sd, Tdn Dudng thu, DUcfng thU quyin Thupng hofing (chi Trin Anh tfing-NHT) cdn d ngdi<br /> 8, Bdn ky di bdt, Vu tdng ky (Sdd), tr. 4517. Phin vua. Anh em diu nd'i tiing vfin hpc. Nghigu Tfi Ifim<br /> ch^p vl Vu Hon trong ca hai bp diu hofin tofin giong Hfinh khiln Dfing tri N^i m^t vifn si^. Din nay trao<br /> nhau vfi chi c6 16 chfl Hfin nhU da trfch din. chiic nfiy" Trich tit Dc^i Vi^t sd ky todn thU, T.Il,<br /> (5). Ludng thiin niin Trung Tdy lich ddi chiiu Nxb. Khoa hpc xa h$i, Hfi N§i, 1985, tr. 116. NhU<br /> bii'u. Tilt Trong Tam, Au Dudng Di h