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Toán học và tuổi trẻ Số 141 (1/1985)

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Toán học và tuổi trẻ Số 141 (1/1985) bao gồm những nội dung về số học mãi mãi trẻ trung; Toán học và đời sống - đường đi nào nhanh nhất. Đặc biệt, tài liệu giới thiệu tới các bạn một số đề thi Toán nâng cao và cách giải một số bài tập Toán.

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Nội dung Text: Toán học và tuổi trẻ Số 141 (1/1985)

  1. t ' ,' I $SS5".i lp s6 i4i UAO Ili\ llAI l'I i .\ \t, \l Q'f I( t Tbug br'u,, t4tp Ngu-r'6n Cirth 'l'oilrr Il:r..,t:,ii tftfl ' r:lfil- i r.,., r:, Hi Noi Ph6 I'&trg bidn tfip r Ng0 Dat 'l'ir i-rn3' n,'ri : ll:?Sjr-r r.fi NIriM Io NAU 'rriNxr l,AP, L0 xf D6N NITAN frUAN CIIU,ONO I,AO D0T{C HA \c NH i cr a BAr-r T0A\ H{,c v q rt bt . . .r ,l\ir: .TRi] DA DLrqC TrdN N}.iYH TRqNG TIIh - ,:tlil. T,II TEIt O6 Hi UOT. ,.ali- Ngi-r lI tlrlng ll rrrirrr ltrSt 1.i ,1 il : LE dtin nhtin niQnt20 nitn 7'hdnlt lii p hir, I'!ufin tlt*!tng l.ui; tlQnrl hqnil nii cii:r B,5o'I'oirn ltor-: r'i '['rri'ii tlr t1l-L tlLrire tiert hirnh Irong thi: lri I hii rl,r liii \-oi. Trrirr 200 cii.c cAn bri .li rtli rlao, tlrc ilti bibir cAc cr-v qtran lihoa ho. r'lt r'-.rtt ltti:r, c6c cirn h0 to[11 lto,: r'i\,r/tc.']u hr.ic sinh girii ioitn cir:r l'trii 116 r l rttot s6 tinh, tirarrh ph6 tlir vd tlt1. Sr'rrr birn biro t:/ro vtr 20 n[rn hoat cl6ng curr bio, liiiro str tidn. sr- )isLrvin , YIrr [{i€u, ViQrr trrrr}ng Vitn I(hol hoc ViQt Narn, clii lrao huArt I chrroug cho b6o va phirt biBu -i-kitrn I chirc nr*rre tlrrtth tich cha bAri. Dbrrg E;t" 2t t'Iri Yir Qtrd.' Ilnng. lli llru I't'ttttq tr,rttg DoiLn'lhanh niAn tiirng sin lld Chi \iinlr, 1r'uo tdng {iAo su Ngn.r,6u Ciruh'}'c,tn, 1 orr3 biirr ti p r iia l1xo. l/ui/ t'hluon,1 \'i tlti; hi trii. I i[;rr :i \3rr.r i rr t ii \ lrrr. ' i nlt : ,"{ tLnr. H di. ngut'ri do:rt'giii tlr\u tiiri t:ir:r b/Lo, plrirt billu clrm trriing nrii li'rr titc dutrg r:ria Gitlto str lidn si Ngugin V(rtt'lIi/,tt (ban phdt) !t'ao l;iLo rldi vdi vi0c lroe 11,r. vir lrtrlrt: iltl tirtrS rlr. tl il,rt: i,in lrinh c1i)ng tli0i trong nilrrr hirtr hoan vA ptrin lilr6i. '{g
  2. "F i' '! N.bi chuyQry ubi, batr tri ydu to&.n 56 rL t^ F{OC hdA[ MAI TRE i Kr"Jt\\-x rr-!nr 8i gu.Y KmDdl (-0 t.tlong il ban hoc sinh nghi ling 56 hoc l?r (etrj s6 p ir drr6i drlrr I lri r:nq dt\ I,lr)rr biQl vrii \: linh diln ciia I,rrin lrt.rt.. da hoAn tri trr-v0t drii lh6ng thLrdng'. '! heo dinlr nghr-a 'uc cb 'foIu,hoc ngir nA,v c6 Chb xcm l0lp = {}.-vd rnrlrt sri e l:\ r nh6 )' thiQn tu l{u. Trong iAtr rlAi nay S6 hoc giir nr0t var tro nhtr lir m01 gian (giln vdi 0) tndu tli tu]vQt il6i cru, nri'iri:. DiEtr phdng trung bA)' nhirrrg tlriu tich hu-v hoirng ndrt hoin loarr tttrrug lu nhir ilrii v(ri lri trt,t'i'i afro rrh&ng ndm lhAng xa xtra' lhuc ra' Sd d6i thOng thuilrlg. DE lArrr li clui ta i;ir',r'= 5' hoc - lihoa hoc v0 cAc con s6 - rndt lrong nhirnu Iihi dO ta co : 'linh vuc cb xua'rrhdt ciia 'l'oAn hoc. la I'inh lSlr:1/S: lt0l5=1/r)' i1:5is=1r{,i vgc nrii rndi tra trLrng..ViQc giii nhitng [rAi Itgls=t' lio15=1;r-, lStln-r toAn nbi tidrrg tira Sd hoc ludn lLrdn li ddng Y6i quan ni0nr (( tr! tul'Qt il6i D nhrr r:ir. 1rt ltrc thirc dhy c6c nhA ToAn hoc sAng Iao ra cdi thb xA-r, dung chc t s6 p - aclic )) nhrr satt.. nhitng c0ng cu rndi. nhr-Lng I,l' thu-r6t nrni' \grrtrc Ta bi6t ring. cac s6 drrong. ngrrv0n Ie-r pirAn Iai, nhiEu k6t qui Indi nhfrt c-iia c{c lr-nh utrc s6. trong lrQ ddru thip ph*n t:d tht vi6i rlLr,'i khhc nhru dI cltrcrc 6p dr-rng db gii; qtrvdt chc da ng v{n ilB t6n tiri cira S6 hoc. I long rn0t bA i vi6l : 'ngin chtr nhirng ngtroi khOng chu-r'6n vb S5 hoc. s=... + n-nl0*-n . .t,, -ll0-l f rr6,a1.i * aml0m; o ( ai --{ 9. tilat ttO trinh bi-r'nhirng vi rlu dian hinh ct? minh hoa nhirng ftiEu vlin n6i i; tldn- Tu-r' nhidn ' Vi du : l9s,t = I +S. 10 l- 9. 102 + 1.t03 chung ta cirng sd cd gfing linr hibu xem n16t ti;52i 317 = 21.2996... : .. + e _iC -a + 9.10-:l - trong''nhirng phuong huong hiQn rlai cira Toin +9.10*2 +2,10-l + 1+ 2.10 hqC - GiAi tich kh0ng Asimet dh xudl hiQn nhir th6,ndo tri nhirng bai tofn Sd hoe don giln' Tuv nhi6n. rndt tbng dang o6 * a1.lC -r... * 'f rong Sd hqc, ta tlrrrong ha-r' g4p bd i toAn oo. l0" 1... Iihdng xAc dinh rndl s6 nio, vi khi n xdt tintr chdt chia hdt. Vi nr6i sti ngrir'6n r'li-\u liing vd han thi s6 Ss:o0 +...*on.10' carng tang r ,ri6t d,tg. thinh t!ch c5c lir.r'tlrtla cria clic s6 ra r-0 han. vA chc sd Sn11 vi Sa k-hAc nharr rrit i nguy6n t6 nAo d6 ntirr tr chi tiin x6t tinh chit nhiEu (khi aoat*0)' Iinh hinh s0 lihAr: di n6u .tria f,Ot cho lttg thtra cito cac td nqutl,en td' Giii ta rel c{c sd r.ioi ( tri trr,r€i C6i n -- rrili,'r. Tirrll sir I{y p la nrot sd rrgul dn t6 c6 dinh lli?n vn-v. r,'[ lilnq Cd t.:rng: nhi€n sd 0 e hia hdt cho pn r'6i nroi sd tu nhi0n n e0 + orp+... + aopn *... tl --( oi{. ft ldn tt-r,. !'. Vi vdy sE khdng qtrfl r'0 lv n61r la o tir (( )) khi n6 chia h6t cho litv Dlit .in=c0 *... ''l- cn po. Iii,, ilir tr cr": xenr mdt s6 nh6 thua ( drl lon ) cira 'sd p (Vi ltc 116 si1 o c6 I Sn+r - s, lp = i ,n*r i,"*1 i , =- tinh chilt < khA gAn I 5[ r) !) )-6i c6r'h khf c' ir rr4Lr rrnrt : o ndu o chi':r hdt cho po vd khong chia hdt ctro - Ii P*"-l rtctr on* 1 :- tt pn vdi m)n cdn h chia h6l chc' p"' tl'i h cd i< tri tu1,qt tl6i I nhfi hon a tri lt:-v0t 116i ' cita r.r Nhir ri-v. v(ri n- cAng Irio lhi r:irc s6 Solt vA :l .i ivi 1(rc t16, " b ({ ghn s6 0' hon rr)' (,Ach qLrnn So ((cAng ghn nhau > theo lri iuvQt rlLii p - adic. r'.{ nigm nhu vA-v din d6n dinlr' nghir sau d{r' vE der do c6lh'0 xerl r:ing tbng rg*o1p+..'-f anpo+,.'. < tri ru-rQt tl6i D cii:r ttr6i sd. (.d thb th:i-v ring r. c ilinh mdt n sd p - adic I (ir\ gitii han ciilr m6! s6 nguyen o tfr.v lr:6n -v lrrin hibu diln drroe Sn khi n tirng l0n vo h+n). D6t vrli talr hcrp citc drrrli danq t sil p -. arlic. trr c6 ih,0. rA-v dtrrrg cric Jrhtlp tinlr ,, - dr,a r:dng, lrit. nhAn. chia. rlhrr' lh drii voi t'5c s6 htirr li'. llon n*a. ,:6 tlr'6 thdv ririg rrtoi sri hitrr trong dd n. ld s6 ngrtv0n. a. khfiug chia h6ti ti' dlu . tA n sd p - adir' ))- 'l'hit vd.r. rr6u S lr\ cho p. Khi rlc lrr dinh rch j+ < tri ltrr ql drii nrdt sd IL1 nhi0n ihi lrrdn lrrirn i:d thE viFl drr0i eita c nhrr qtt, : tl ;tngr -S=40-l- otp *..-.-f .Lrnpn. . 0
  3. i! I Vi du : p-5; 11)34 - 4 -i- : S*,t S2 + 0.;r3 r 3.54. Hi6n ttrong tr0n c6 thE. xem lA mOt tinh eh{t -\hu vrv S ll rr:ot ( S'', f - atiic,. \loi s6 lruu hoi (( k-r' qu6c D cria tAp hop circ s6 p - adic. ti Ii thrrong cira ir:,ri sri ngr.r-v0r; n0n ctng ld Nhirng tinh. ch{t ( k1i quec D nhu vAv c6 nhiEu. uSd p-ucl rr.r. vi vi th6. lrong mirt thdi gian dii. ngudi ta it ab -i'rten cic sd p-adic. Tinh hinh thav d6i X{0n eiii tich loin hoc rr1-r'dung trOr.r lip h&n trong lihoing 20 n[rn ghn clfl-v khi giai tieh hop cic sd p - arlic goi lA ( Giai tich p - ariic )). hhOng Asimet xAin nhAp vdo ci;tc linh vuc mA hav id
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  6. Ltii gid-l. (cia nhiDu ban) L.i.p drry lFrj tt." soo rlrrr L]5':I, A,\:=Oli..()C= t thi r) i:frt dirtg c0ng thuc quJ' ngp dn*, = a,? -l- I rA cxo = (r. tlrr'rc \'( S/ 3 . Khi iI6 ta,f ta df,1 rang. Ldi gidi. (cira -'f r'&n Qutn l1 C'l' Phrin Chrlu Mit khAc bing q!r-\' ilrii, tn .ji: d;irrt clrur)1 -l linh Ed Ning) IJa OIt vu0ng g6c v/ri rnit rrrinh ring: lrhing (a^8(l) Do Oc E LiB: OC = * ndn l1A: P{c!) ao vdi nrgi c. Dt"' do da tlrirt Qt.r): ttB = ItC: 1/1f, ht t, (ti h : Olt. 'l'a irldt llnq P(r) - r =b&ng 0 tai l'6 sri dilrn ao, \/i_v Q(r)-='i) trong cdc larr giirc c6 cing ritrtt'ng tlon ngoai hay P(;g) - x'. tidp ihi tanr gi6.e dLu cr,r di1:rrr iich l
  7. r1" Eha*s_ffii r :\ Y ph6.t{0 Chi .vlirrlr) rA )'Jg,r,vArr Hoir Vn {11 CT ;(: + r)-/{ r') =,i,"S(2.ri * I) (thar l bing.r'+"1; 'Frung vuorlg y hl ng -.r') Qrrs \Irrrn! dFrr c6 lo.i {iei t6t Iidt holr vdi (2) ta su,r ra: 8ai f,/l}8:_,Grri .rri" tl la di?m *&nt trong. tr) nt (2.r* l)g(l).= !l2t.+ l) Vr gitic. ou,ng tanA 3t- ( B= lo) tao cho M A: M B , .llC i)rr r61 g(.r)= o.r.o- lrrli'(o--g(l)). -- t : ):3. l inh qoc .lfi,l R Thal y= 0 trrlng (l) thi t,di ()i()t cira Ngrr-vEn Ngoc V:rrr Khoa (1i {.7 /(,i) * f(0\=tq(;11 = urz r Phrrn. Cl:riu 'l'r'inh, DA Ning) r'A DErrs \'i trrn (il Var f(.r)=at'+9- b.b rdvv(h:/(0)). 'CI'DlliH llA nOi) lhi'r lai. ta th6-v cap hAnr g(;r): a:t: l'(r.): a rz + b \o. b 1uy ,i') th6a rnhn di6u kien (l). Nhqin ril: l't01 sd cAc ban cr\n ddng phucrng phhp tAcb bi6n r13 gi'5i. tLrv nhi0n, phrrong phAp .d6 hr:ri dAi dong so vtri phrrong phAp tr€n dAy. . N.V.M Bar B/I3s i.hn ?,i \tt .i uon, $r.,mz... . nrp, c1' ,n !tdg thi Rg tninh riing : 2(. :,.r)L,ot-o" (,i,,,)' l.dv'B lirrr irln). ,ra-r f UBC rrrOt g6t- g09 rl tht,o r:hiEu tri L*.1 (l'_,i .\' la inh ci9 M qua . ,:,t:,oi phC.p qua,r' trCn !),, 1.tfl \ rjOlrg r.firr l4r B n6n u|t mqti m, .k'neuuln od 0 ( ( k A lA inh cri:, C 1ur, plrep qLra_r dd t)al .L/A=.r.. rrr - l" K hr ,1,. lI B=2t va MC:3;. Xet tarrr giAc vuOng Lli girii : I'h eo bdt dirng thric Bunhiac0pxki ,.irn ly'B.\, la e6: ilI .\2 -2M82: sr2." Do A,\ ll v rdng (xerrr bAo TH vi"['T sd 6 nIrn t083). srr :inh crj:i MC qoa ph6p qua,v rrOn: AN :rUC. \:i vAv : ta e6: vdi m.n s6 dtrong a13. i:l ,m: i= 1,n vi -{N2 = MCZ :QrZ = 8.r? + .rz :iul N, * U A2. rn, n lA cAr:.s6 ogr-r,vQn iihdng lnr thi: Su-v,r'1 O uL,Ons tai ,v. [Jo va.y: rOm \m nl / n \ 1{1l {z \,-. ,, -., n '" l
  8. V- ! :, ,,'l,irt ,*i:. i: . -n, :",r-.;.r ;i,, Aith I'iguydi (IJhatr Lhu ,\[=Xi1z, oi=rr+r. ]l+r --.\i+i, oir1-=/s+1. Trinh, Dd nEng) c6 lrri gi6.i ghn gi6ng tr6n. C{c Xi+z:X,+1..., ii:Xq' n'q=or, -I{4t:.Yq+1: b4u Nguy6n Quang ThAi (11 C'l', DIISP He Ngi), '\ r --'r*i) Trang LAnr BXng (12 C'f, L€ Hbng Phong, Hb Ta thi\. f: e A vA li' c6 sd iloan irdi lrong it Chi Minh) dring hitin lhirc hAm l6i cirng chq loi lrbn sd doan rl6i h6ng cria /( it nhdl li 1. (Xem gi6i tuong ddi tdt. hinh rninh hoa). . 'f .v.T. I -:-../ ii i *--' ,f Bdi 9/138 z T'r|n mitl pihcino cd n di\m P1, Pzu., Pn Ngro'L ta n6i nfit sd dibm u(ti nhau q s b&ng .nt tnau khdc nlutut sdo c/io cdc dtlu kidn sau. dtqc t h6a ntdn : (1) MAi clitru P co s(t clfin u(P) cqnh r,ltdt phdt. (z) z'ri dibnt P ligi ta c6 tltb di theo cdc csnh di +t f*-..-.. d? dbn nrQt clibm Q tilg g khdc. \ '-- \ -*: _.! (3) Voi nt6t rlibrn P uei n6i mdu thti. s (1:(s(rt)' \ goi 4( P) 'fti sd ceritr t:udl phat /ri P rrd daoc t6 , n, - -e* r .-.it _ J mdu th* .s fil I r;s (P)
  9. qG..tr T' 'l'r.u r'r'r. ht';I ta :t,i,,,t -,,i:. ch ring nrinh r.:ing A4 + ;f + *llcl = I81i1 (t). M r,i,,r.' ,,,,.i r 84 r,,,,,q shll,4dt a il;;; s,,1. La]. ,4rJ=BtC tS). r *7i :^i,l 'i,* (2) ,,.i r.:i la cO -tl,i =1rt uAl In sii sii, rLf C.1,ry. tlit JJ.l r;, 11 ]tt]: lt, ,. 'I'r.On CJI lrir. ilii:rr', oai, =etro' C/-l=,lf.f, Y, _= ,4rAa q- tltt)tl + crc4: Ilrcl + ErBt + Br.ta (4) d6 dririg ci'rirng nri,rr diro.c tar. grirr: r.rD/J riL tllu. fldola c,i: c=o*1,r.i r.[r rrg. t;r tlriir. (l) r,lri .. tydi tlring rri;tr. ta tlrav J -'.1,-F,[',2 *2a7t:r,,2 a b]+cl :t,tz I !,2-,,1,)- Jf b6i N hoirc Br. N:ghjir Ia r,, ,,i,,ie = ?(a- + b. - I.r1,iosl20o).. = "J. nrd4+ N13a'ia'1+- Bt rt4 + Brlla+ alc4:l'It4, (b) Yt nan a2+b2 +,,2 2,16: .- 6.R? .l.t rlrj (t),.(+i ti (5) cho rq rling thiic li(rp - srrr. r.:r : cdn chung o1+b4+14 = laz+h.z*czSz'- rrznz'- r,r'i'1 .,i'-r,.r, rn i,lr h. ix ' = (a2+n2a,]; - lj :rti: - ( r:- /;r,lr _ .r'ril: (.:rc lrrrr I r.in () uin. Nqur6rr I-16 .\'trr1in . ]e2((i1 621 ,\.rrlr\girr.0n, Ngu-r.ir.r:Ngoc \'In Klroa (l lCT,, phan = i,tt-f !:2j lr,.-- t:.ti- !tiitr ,:+1,21 _ (.lru 'l i'inir, DA \iin.q), D0 I)Lrr, Iihirntr (11CT, -- 3'i4t - 1gn4 _f I:t/lt-,t,f -2t,tz-tbz )(,12 1 1'3' 3 i Yin L'6i, r.'i," r,.rgt; N;;;; "!,? 't _ lhai (llC'l'. IJ:ri lro,. \rr pharrr Iti, trlOl l) b;;;; .I.sl,l,".,i * )(az + lz) rrii: Si:l l9l. Lrc lrrn l.e Ilorrn Qu;.,\rr (Nlra .l.rang) ctj loi ='i.1;;-1 ;ir ( I ) rl rr.,.rr, r.lr ri n...1 rr; i n l:. \ |1ii !lrS plrrrorg phirp toa AO, .f,.an llull Ilinh , (Qu.r- A'lhrrp) liii -\Iit Iih*r: do jgt, Cl li tiii:r, ili,i :ri.ns.qul ill{ birg'lrirunng plrlrp vecirr ciing ^ /f-. rf ;16n giao rtri?rn I .rr. ,,;ii_ , i -Crl; ,,rt, {jii rrrong adi r6t. Aun i.n,,i r.i 1ii1 lli n .l/N. l rr r:r'r ,l;,,,, :L:IIil l)ltu(rnd (lr.t u.g-Ctang ])11,t;i lrrr.rrrg riltt. -:i;;.. ltlr;.r rln,.tiiio song ,iirrr lii;c li tlrir;rr i.lri,;1, nrid - ifrc:n?:= 6r].,=R1 i) =,riis : (ii.i., _-) +A(:lllBLC. T'u, rid sr-\- ra B1A:Ctl {2). ,J,r,r T.V.T *; pfr rHl ilHAo I illtr Frfi e.&r rci"t tfr r,f.t:$ Ts{rl,i{; t{iiil{ tqss ' I . ^BU, I{, 1. Clro /i, I 1,, l,ri s,i tr.i rrlriirr, I.),,. 4{.t41.. C.ic si5 a,.by t:1;liai tlxia tir6a ntdn tliiu .liii,rr srrrr: \rtii rnoi sd nrln diEu (ilm - l.k) (Ilnr _ 1./). t]lnir,3 t,r ,,irie, ,r: t;(n gi
  10. Bdri 7 / 14.L. l\rn eAc giA rri cris k db l0rr rai Itrt ci ,rri,.: iiiBrn cdtr lar rtri trtr vF diAra rrrit mOt hdm s6 li0n trrc /(c)'sao cho /(I(r))= 1,l25 rrhS! rrii rl6 d;\i nhili hrrri 100-. ' vdi rnoi gi6 {ri thLrc crla r.' '4 'Ngugin t)dng |in firi uo Kliang , Sdi S/141. Cho 6 dibrn trdn ruAt plring. Clr[rr:g Bei l0/l4l a),l,rrrr! rninrr rirrg trong mdl minh ring ti sd gifra khoing c{ch lon nhit v,ri hinh h0p trung iliEm cac canh khdng xudt ph6t khoing chch b6 nhfrt giira c{c diEnr d6 kh6ng t* hai alSu rnrit cia m0l clrrdng ch6o cho tru6c nh6hi"y'l " r tA cAc ctinh crja rndt luc giAc phfing co tArn ddi xirng. DA tt'd {htrng b)'Iinr tet ci nhilrrg hinb hop eo tinh t'hIir li -[ i:& bdn luc giAc phing irng vrri t5t c& c{t 11trCrng BSi S/1.1 l: r.()ng hinh r-u0ug canh I etrrr ch6o cria chirng ti nh&ng iuc giirc dEu' i985 dibm.Chung rninh ring tii m6i tli6rn trong sd'cdc dibnr dr'r chu r'o nrol cc)n dudng tli qrr:r ' .\' t;t:tJ? n Ad rig P hdt : 'L&'c (A{ Gg&r BE EOAH TH* VAS IR$ffilc r3 &&B SoC vA (A{} SAi{6 iltrffi 't994 NOUY6N DiNH 'THi CAu lt - Pirtrcrng- tlinli dir cho i:ri nghi:r khi (.ach 2. Nghi0rrr'eiia pbuoug tlinlr (1) thi-rr cos2c=ft 0 ** "r + (2k + l)ri\ r'6i A' lI sd ngrr_r'cn rririr Cieu l.i9u (;) trL)ng cjlc it u'r-\ng hr-rp sau : Ydi diEu kiQn f,-v, phuong trinh cd thB r,i6t I) a) 11 ( -t ('/z( t noae -r < 1r ( r{ir. ' G 6- Sln .r + COS".I' - m :ilnl.t. rrrtton vAr' NIrung eia6.r + cos6.r: 1-(:1,'{)sin2'l.r:. n0n ia f( - l)/(l )
  11. -' I !;*-i,r'fd: / Ciiu II - phuung tr.inh rlriu ,.rla he c[ tir] rlai vd cttc, tibir cira n6 phli & hai d.ibrrr e'uo vi6t Id (r-S) Gz i rg + s2 * m) : 0, Do c16 bQ phia ddi v(ri lrgc hotrnh (iem hlnh ve)' trlc le: dtr cho tuong duung vcri hai. lr0 sau i g(l).yr;rr + 1) < oo'8 -- m3 ( 0 t-l)'2' 1r-r=o r:rl '.r'+g:'-l i.*2+rg+A2* m:(l tit Ir+9- -l '""f 1l{0 (fl c6rnghi0m dui' nh{l .x - tt = '- \,i2. (a)+ iru:l-m i;c*g=-1 Yq1' :r', g lI ng[iQnr cria plru,rttg tlintr bAc Iri xz+x*r-m=o (b) Ta cO z: = 4r1 -,3. l)u d,'r: Ndu m
  12. 3) Goi 0 l* tiibrrr gi&a cria IJ. li.6 Oil LCD. ldy !rdri rl'l;ti clilnr Q,5 srd alto ()Q - Qg = (.t) Db hinh chrr drrong liirrlr ,lJ lidp xuc r 6i (./.t. trr (iiA sir ,11 nlrrr trong u6c (l). 'l'a ci) dt (.)I^dil): phii c6 O/ : OJ = Ott. I(hi {_v hai trrn gi6e = ilr (.f/oP). rtt (M(.D) : dr (]t{{t0) + clr {_1J.{B) - vu0ng (/1C vi 0ff(. birng nhau vi c6 carrh huydn + rlt (M(.'D) : tlt(11 pOQ). \"'i ili {,1{.tB) * rlr ,UI.D) OC chung vA O/ : OIL do do {,'11 : (.'f. 'I'uong klidng rlhi, giri sir nri i.;ing s. nil dt (;Upopi: s t*nl gi:ic vudng- 0../D vi OtlD hiirg nhau. tu', lrai 1'am giirc OPQ c6. dinh ndn (lr (f.lPQ) non DLI: 1ll. Yn-v CII + IID = (lt f- D.t i,a)' dor- = s, kh,',ne ' CT + D,T : CD (O; (;ii sii s j>so. 1,/i rli(:ly'P(;0) = dt(OPO) -r. + dt (rdP0) nrln rlt .t,ll PQ) : .s s0 khdng dbi. Vi P, Q cd tllnir dt (.lff'Q): s -- ,s0, nOn .]I eha'r- I(hi0=c=av"3lZ thi J1 =1b2*a2," 4: tr'6n doan thing 1./,,,nc.,,ng vcri PQ le c6c'h |Q rnO.t klroing lr:2 (,s * ia'lll,Q. Dio tai, gii = r!il.t. srl ,t/ 14. nrdt dibrn brit liy tlilu rloan l;r, Ta co 1'rong,tanr giiic r ufrnl,l/./ ta rir * 2)- ,1/.sin(7, di (J./Poo) = rlt ((/P0) + dt (MPo) :' .,1,,/ = (ell 2lij. sin (z 2; = s0 * (ltzl PQ. h : s0 * r -,rs : 5 'fhav L'I = a!2, DJ"= A] , CD = ail I,p ,,,ao {O), \lrrrrrq 11t(tr{lB}:rlL(MOPJ. dr ti.I6D) - dt(IIOQ} ta rl uoc nr:n tlt (U.rA) +'(lt (.11r-'IJ) -* ,:tt i;lflrl]C7 : s. Vir a12 + (ulTlt). . sin (ur'2) : ol siil(el2) -, siz ts+ qur- tich nlrriirg tli'tlrr -lI ilrudr: q6r: (I) sao cho = 1y'r-- r)rl 2 . rll(),1 -lR) -- dl(.*1{.D) = s Ia rio:.in thiing I.l . l.1p vi 0 < tr/f *t )l{;; < l,i/f ldl 0 < al2( r + Iuan tuong tn cho ilucng h,,rp rliilnr,!d thudc ha-v 0 d'a.
  13. Di'6rn ,lL (goi l.i rrgiri)n) r ii dibnr Z {g1i IA ririclr). gian cfia dudng di nhanh nhjlt tt tdi nirt clir. ,4, Ili.r'tinr nrdt drrring di nh:rnlr nhiit tr'r ng;ui)n,4 DA d€ xfl-v clung dunna tli'erlu tinr, m6i lin g6n liri tliclr il nhhn cho urdt nfit ta ciin ghi Iai nrit hia cira I t doan cludng rl:\ ta dI rir)r:g tl'6 ririu nhin eho ,.i \ rrirt d6. Chfi ng han, r'rng vr'vi nirt (,' lit .{, irng vr!i nirt 1? hoiig , in C; v.r... ,r*hti t.ich ciri n:iy, ,& di ngroc li Z ta se tiur ra dridng di triy \.1 .-{ .{ ri d6 Ii cltrtrng di rrlrrrnlr rrlr'it crin lirrr. ., i'* 'J ." {,. Qn6 trinh tim cluring di lhanh ntrtlt tri -l 116n .-....g' q. * i Z trong nrang vd ir trin tlur;c tom tit nhu sau: l. ir, l:r .. '4n, Bu(rc du'o-c Nliln ciia Nut il5 dtng '' i!. n lrii n t1E gAn nhin \rfi nraug lu'{r.i drrir:ns iir;:r gj[11 11ri viin ilii A 0 niy hh6ng1 cri ei lilrti. t'lri vi0r:1irri r:1 tr'it (. 0+ (:r, -.t ci" clr: tl rrtrng i'li rrri tiri: c6 til :t d.dn Z. r'i)i st.r t) J -l- 4:9 (: silnh {h
  14. Trao dbi abi ban d'ge weil mes B-6F4ro s& el*es r\Ctryfiru KH.{C &.I i Nrtr RONG rlrlc ({ i)b ra lir' niv )) cir:i b*o 1'll.-vA = rt*i)rz: 4'100 -l- 5.20 - 19fi'l - 5'100= T'l's6 ill(i re* 1984 c6 bii toan sau (bdi - - 1964. 1/136): Do d6, Y*2't 'zlK : Cito dda sd l.r'nl nhr solr : rl = 20' 'cz:100 td .ro - t'u-1 .r1 = X 5'lk-i (.r'1 - 5r1-t): nnll = 4.rrl * 5'rn-1 - 1964' utii tnol ") '7' : * igol (b2k-3 1 52t*5 + ... + 5" + 5). Chtiitg minh rtinr1 : Iin' ltti mA! sd c{a 'ttit;i chio htt cho i9lii. - --5.1904 $2k-4 r 5Bk-6 + ... + i2 + 11- ,k Blng c6cl 6p dung ngtrv6n li'Dirichlet la cd -'I Ion'l r l(?k-il dugc lOi giii ciia biri to6n lr€r, nhu( tiit trinh bil - i:2 trong bno Tll va :f 'l' sir 1i'r$ (muc Giiri bli ki trud; )). llon thd' nguvdn 11' Dirichlel..con gcri Thrv.rl:20 r'r\n bitu thirc tr0n ta cliroc: f cho chirng ta hudrig mii r0ng rliBu trip lihirng clintr k-i) ] = .fru fa; toAn 1. NhAn x6t thfr1'r'ing' hcrp vi-' * i h4n circ s6 drr tiong ph6p chia cAc s"i hang cira r2k - ,t] [ xzr'-r +ll. ir;.2^s2t I tlay frrl eho 1934 chi nhln. nr01 s6 htrr han eic (nhibu lA gi6 lr!) kk piA tri khAc nhau nhSt 1984 ;2k-1 r ., ir?(k-i) - 496 ri2(k-i)] -Dn - :) f., ar, ie t.ong do chic chin c6 I gi'{ trj blng 0' Do i52 i*a vAy, theo ngu-vOn l1[ Dirichlet, chic ch{n c6 it ntr-at f s6 du cung nhin I eih iri nAo d6' Trl iI0.y nirv sinh mot cftu h6i : co thb xh-r' ra trrrdng 5 $ 5r,tk-il - -20[ i=l - 1s6 f 5?tk-t, , i:2 tSp SiA tri.d6 chinh li gi6 tri bing0 vA do d6,v tr! nAv lA' v0 fr"l "O vO han s6. s6du nhdn'giA r, _.196iu 52(k_') 'I'I t:t (5'- - r\ i-r-2k hiln ha,v khdng ? N6i mOt cAch khirc, ta chnkiFni d!nh tinh dung rlin i:tia bAi toittt sztr-t : ' 20 I -r-i i-z J Iiii to6,, 2:. t"ri'i dilu kien crta hi! loan i Tr (r) i (2) su.- ra : €hr-ng minh rti.nq id n 1fl1 t'6 sd sd r rio rlfigr ciirr k ht,t cho 1981' {r- - t ttri hoin todn r:hintr xic' 'czr : 1984 r,A rzr-t : i98'1. 'Phh:r ltrn c6c ban th:rm gia giii vi giti lli Trudc hdt ta chung minlr: vb 1'oa soarr khOng chi tlt\'ng [r vi0c giii bei (52k - 1) :' 3.31 . t7 r'ili & : 48p P)>-- l' to6n l. mA dEu giii bni toAn 2. T'uv nhi0n' l
  15. ff t/ t/ I [3ing cich sur lu:lr) i11611lg lu tii (.rirrg cri: I thi rs6p-r r (58t? - 516 = I t,11,,,1 26, .lrlrrr lai.Vpb lgS,J va .f96p : 1981 vA (il6)2 = i32 = 1{rr.d 2?) + i96P =: llmr:rl l') bay (;1e8P-l)i 2' (6) Kdt qu6 nhin drrgc c*a cec ban gili bdi tdi ' Do 3,3i v:\ 2' ilrli rn0t ngLr,v0n t,i i-.r'rrx nhnu I"da soan hoirc kh0ng chinh xic hoIc lA nhirng trrrcrng hop ri0ng cfrl '!.i.61 qrrl, nhrin drroe lrotrg n0n t;) {4). (5) v: (6) sr:-r. i'a {-:r9(tP'--- ii : :,:1 1 ?' lrri giii trdn. ' lldr l(l)Ac .., : . it,.27:14 . +t)6 nan (5e6P--l) ll 4$rr i7) i1uCrng nrd rdng bii toAn I nhu dh trinh bA-v -l'ti (3) r'A (?) 6 tron l
  16. fJu.crrrg tinh H9i trrcdng bubi lA (UOi trtpng Lon V'iA'n khta.hec i'ifl \ orur). ; : l f .! I ! ! t .. I .t ,i t: r I frbng chi Phl; 'l'bng biCn tQyt tl oe bda cio 20 nim hoo! tlQnri sfir1 itrjti. -€13/ Anh Nant tldi jnh Xa*r /Jrit ,irth l;.tnt t t!i. I'tln )lt,tL giiii nhiiL \ . l p ll) : t. l.ti Dlrl lilt,inh :. l gutj?11 I ten Uung ti Lop 1] : .?. '1.'rii,t Llty f linlt 4. Le ?- hanh nd Lbp t2: 5. YiL Qurll Dttung o.{L(tn(! tu uranq " In tai ri irghicprin 75 H.\ng lld-lIA N6i. Sd in 29i 85. 15.000 sd _!1 ]i' In xong va giri luu chiSu thAng 8.1g85 - $ .C!.i,qd,;. Il8B4 ,t.:1 : _ GiA;Iil'pg '.,; .e i.l i.:jr-:.:. 1- .Jl ,-,--r,---, . :,,---r:-: -,E*e:*- ,--,,..=*--..- ]*-
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