Vài nét về “làng văn” và “làng hộ” của xã Hoằng Lộc (Hoằng Hóa, Thanh Hóa) thời trung đại

VAI NET VE "LANG VAN" VA "LANG HO" CUA XA HOANG<br /> LOG ( H O A N G HOA, THANH HOA) THOI TRUNG DAI<br /> <br /> <br /> MAI PHUONG NGOC<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> D fldi thdi trung dai, d mdt so Ifing xfi,<br /> thdng thfldng lfi nhflng vflng qud cd<br /> truyin thing hpc hfinh, thudng ra ddi efie<br /> thdi trung dai cho din dfiu t h i ki XDC, viing<br /> dfit nfiy lfi dia phfin hai xfi: Bdt Thupng,<br /> Bdt Ha, sau nfiy lfi Bdt ThUdng vfi Bdt<br /> Hdi tu vfin, ndi tfip hpp cua nhflng Nho Thfii. Sfich "Cdc tdng trdn danh bi ldm" ghi<br /> sinh, ke SI trong Ifing, trd thfinh thfinh vidn ro hai Ifing Bdt ThUdng vfi Bit Thai thudc<br /> ciia Hdi tu vfin lfi vinh dfl ldn trong con mfit tong Hanh VT, huydn Hofing Hda, phu Hfi<br /> ciia ca Ifing, ca xa. Do vfiy, cfic cdng tiinh Trung, Thanh Hoa ndi trfin (1). Nam Minh<br /> nghien cflu ve Ifing xa diu danh mpt dung Mdnh thfl 2 (1821), Thflpng thu Bd Hd lfi<br /> Iflpng dang ke tim hilu v l hoat ddng eiia Hfla Dflc lfim ban tfi'u trinh len vua Minh<br /> Hpi tu vfin. M$nh vl vide sfla doi mdt sd' ten tong xfi,<br /> Ddi vdi trfldng hpp xa Hoang Ldc, cd mdt thdn trong ca nfldc. Trong dd, Bdt Thupng<br /> dilm dang chii y lfi, bdn canh Hdi tfl vfin - dUdc doi lfi xfi Hofing Dao. Tfl nuta cudi t h i<br /> dupc gpi vdi cfii tdn dfic trflng hdn: "Lfing ky XDC, xufit hidn tgn hai xfi Hoang Nghia -<br /> vfin", thi edn mdt to chfle xa hdi khfic, dd lfi Bdt Hiing vfin tren cd ad dia dfl vfi thfinh<br /> 'Tjfing hp", ndi t^p hpp cua nhflng trai dinh phfin cfl dfin cua Ifing Ho4ng Dao, Bdt<br /> tfl 18 tuoi khdng dflpc hpc hfinh, ed nghia Thfii, nghii lfi hai xa da ton tai canh nhau<br /> vu phu phen tap dich. Nghia lfi, trong eiing dfldi nhflng tgn goi mdi. Mfic dfl dflde ehia<br /> m$t cdng ding cfl dfin thd'ng nhfi't lai dupc lfim hai xa trong hd thong hfinh chinh nhfi<br /> phfin chia thfinh hai t^p hpp dfin vdi nhflng nUdc qufin chii, t h i nhflng tren thflc t l ndi<br /> dfic trung rieng vl nghia vu, quyin ban. day vfin la khoi edng dong cii dfin dfi tdn tai<br /> Dfiy lfi dilm doe dfio so vdi tfi't ca efie Ifing In dinh vfi bin vflng tfl lfiu ddi. Mpi boat<br /> xa khfic, lfi dilu chiing tdi muon tim hieu ki ddng diu mang tinh chfit cdng ding, cfic gia<br /> hdn trong bfii vilt nfiy. dinh, ddng tde vfin qufiy qufin trong ciing<br /> 1. Doi n e t ve viing dfitt Hoang Loe ngd xdm. Minh chflng ro ndt nhfit lfi ca hai<br /> thdi t r u n g dai xa diu thd chung thfin thfinh hoang tai<br /> Xa Hofing Ldc, huy§n Holing Hofi, tmh Bang Mdn Dinh, Tuy mli xfi cd tdn ridng<br /> Thanh Hda von cd tgn c l lfi Ke Vut, roi trd nhflng mpi ngfldi vfin thfldng gpi la lang<br /> thfinh trang Dfldng Bdt vfio the ki X. Tfl Hofing Bdt hay Lfldng Bdt hoac Nhi Bdt.<br /> <br /> <br /> * ThS. Khoa Lich sit - Trfldng Dai hoc Vinh<br /> 34 Rghien ciiu L|ch siV. stf 6.201;<br /> <br /> Nhac din Hoang Bdt lfi nhae din mdt thfinh xa nfiy do Pham Cdng Trfl (Tiln si<br /> viing dfit hpc. O xfl Thanh cd eac cfiu khoa Mfiu Thin - 1628), Ta thi lang Bd Hd,<br /> phfldng ngdn noi tie'ng dflpc Iiiu tniyin tfldc Yin Dinh bfi) soan, tao nfim Thinh<br /> nhfl: "Cam Ndng Cdng, cd Qudng XUdng, Diic thfl 4 nhfi Le cho bilt moc ra ddi ciia<br /> vdn chuang Hodng Hda", "Thi Hodng Hda, Vfin hdi d day: xa Van Nhflng lfi ndi danh<br /> khda Bdng San". Trong ndt chung "vfin thfing, lai cd nhilu ngfldi dd dat, dng Thai<br /> chUdng Hofing Hoa" ay thi noi bfit lfi Ho&ng thfldng tfl khanh, chfle Thfii bao, tfldc Van<br /> Bdt: "Ddng San tii Bdn, Hodng Hda ludng Nguyen bfi l | p Hdi tfl vfin (Nhfl vfiy, Hdi tfl<br /> Bdt". Neil nhfl diidi thdi trung dai, Thanh vfin ra ddi nfim 1656 - TG), nhan 3d di^g<br /> Hofi cd 206 ngudi do dai khoa thi rieng nhfi tfl Vli ba gian lfim ndi thd cflng tien<br /> huyen Hofing Hda cd 48 ngfldi vfi Hofing hiln, diing bia khfic tdn ngfldi dd dat (5).<br /> Ldc c6 tdi 12 vi Tiln si. Thd'ng kg tfl Bdng Nhidm vu eiia Hdi tfl vfin lfi khuyen<br /> khoa luc Thanh Hoa vfi Qud'c triiu hUOng khich viec hpc tfip, xfiy dflng vfi triing tu<br /> khoa luc cho bilt hai Ifing Bdt cd 117 ngfldi vfin ehi, vilt vfi doc van t l d ^ n h mieu.'dU<br /> dd trung khoa (2). Bdi v^y, hpc hfinh, khoa ra ddi ciia mdi vfin tfl, vfin chi d|u gfin liln<br /> bang lfi dac dilm nd'i bfit eiia vung dfi't nfiy, vdi vai trd va hoat ddng cua Hdi tu vfin. Bia<br /> cung lfi diem chi phdi mpi boat ddng cua vfin chi xfi Qua Nhud Ha, huydn Thp Xuan,<br /> cdng dong Ifing xa. tinh Thanh Hda, tao khfic nfim Tri Dflc iht<br /> 23 (1872) cd ghi: "Cfic dng Le Xuan Qu^, Ld<br /> 2. Lang v a n v a L a n g ho H o a n g Bot<br /> Vfin Tham, Ld Si Thu...ciing cac bfic trgn<br /> Lang vdn dfldi trong vfin hdi xa Qua Nhu$ Ha, tong<br /> Tae gia Phan Dai Doan eho rfing: Hdi tfl Thfldng Cdc, huydn Ldi Dfldng, phii Tho<br /> vfin xufi't hidn rfit sdm, cd t h i da cd tfl the Xuan dung bia ghi sfl vigc: fip ta tfl xfla da<br /> kl XV, duy tri, phfit trien vfio cac t h i ki cd ngfldi do Hfldng tig'n, lfim quan dg'n chfle<br /> XVm, XIX vfi dfiu XX (3). d Holing Bpt, Huydn te. Ban fip tflng lfip van ehi, xfiy cfit<br /> trong gia pha hp Bui cd ghi lai sU kiln; vfio vfin tfl. Tfl dfiy, vfin tfl cung ddi ba Ifin diidc<br /> thfing 2 nfim 1581, Bui Khfie Nhfit da 49 tu sfla nhflng qui md chfla dflpc to ldn. Nay,<br /> tuli, vfin lam v i ^ d bd Hinh. Ong trdng coi vfin hdi ban fip bfin bae md rdng vfin chi,<br /> vide nguc khdng de can khufi't, thien ha ca xay cfi't lai vfin tfl. Cdng vide xong xudi, b^n<br /> ngdi (...). Hai Ifing Hot Thflpng, Bdt Thai cho diing bia d l lflu truyin lai..." (6). Doi<br /> theo phong tuc Vfin hdi lfim bfle trfldng din vdi trfldng hdp xfi Hofing Ldc, dilm dfic biet<br /> mflng dng (4). Nhfl vfiy, cd t h i khang dinh ciia vung qud nay la vfin cl;i dfit t^i lang<br /> rfing Hdi tu vfin d Hofing Bdt phai cd tfl chinh la vfin chi ciia huydn. Tfldng truyin<br /> trfldc nam 1581. Day la mde ra ddi sdm so rfing: Vfin ehi trudc day dfldc dfit tai dia<br /> vdi mdt sd' Hdi tfl vfin d cae vflng khae cua diem thudc xa Hofing Lflu ngfiy nay.<br /> xfl Thanh. Trong cfic tfii lieu ve van bia vfi Nhflng chi sau mdt ddm, Vfin chi da dflpc<br /> hfldng fldc d Thanh Hda, chung ta thfldng cfic fim binh khieng v l d^t ngay sat canh<br /> thfi'y nhfic din cfic hdi tu vfin vao the ki Bang Mdn dinh. Hidn nay, Vfin chi edn lai<br /> XDC. Mdt trudng hpp khac, Hdi tu vfin cung n l n eu, mdt vfii tfim bia dupe khfic lai,<br /> dflpc danh gifi lfi ra ddi kha sdm, song ciing nhflng dfi'u v i t cho thfi'y dfiy lfi Vfin chi<br /> sau "Lfing vfin" Hofing Bdt it nhfit gfin 80 hfing huydn vfio loai ldn d Thanh Hofi. Vfin<br /> nfim la trfldng hpp Hdi tu van xa Vfin chi lfi ndi de cac bfic tuc nho, cfic nhfi khoa<br /> Nhflng, huyen Ddng Sdn. Bia mieu Vfin bang, cac ke si thflc hien nghi II thd phung<br /> Via n6t v& lang vfln vn Inng h^...<br /> <br /> Khong Tii va nhflng ngfldi do dat cua mdi quan. Cdn dfip l l thi tinh cho hfiu dfii. Gian<br /> viing dfit. Vfin chi hfing huypn dflpc dfit tai lupc thi khdng cfiu nd.<br /> Hofing Li$c cho thfiy vi tri cua viing dfit nfiy - Hfldng thi trung Tam tnidng thi khi<br /> dli vdi sfl hpc ciJa Hofing Hda. Dilu nfiy yet kiln to tien cfin xdi mdt hdm, thit mdt<br /> cung cho thfiy 'Tjfing vfin" khdng chi ed vai mang, nidu mdt vd, trfiu cau mdt phong.<br /> trd ddi vdi ddi sing lfing Hofing B^t xfla mfi Khi lfim li khai ha, ban thdn miing tiln lfi<br /> cdn cd vi the to ldn trong vi$c gifl gin truyin 6 mach, Lai trung thfl tofin cflng hdi Tri<br /> thong, maeh nguon khoa bang ciia huy^n. vfin cung nhu vfiy (TG nhSii m^nh).<br /> 0 mdi viing, miln, Hdi tfl van diu cd cfic - Trung trfldng IQ thu Tham nghi, tflc<br /> chinh sfich cu t h i dw dai vdi eae b^c do dat, trflng cac ehflc Hien phd, Thilu khanh,<br /> thfinh danh tren bflde dfldng khoa efl cua Vidn Ngoai lang, Tri phu, lfim ll Khai ha,<br /> lfing. Bia vfin chi xa Quang Chilu, huydn chieu phat eho thdn trdn dfldi co tiln lfi 1<br /> Ddng Sdn, tao khac nfim 1898 da ghi lai quan nam mach, ehilu theo Id vinh thfing<br /> quy fldc ciia Hdi tu vfin nhfim trpng dai phfim trfit. Ll khai ha cung nhU vfiy.<br /> hiln tfii gom nhflng dilu nhu sau: 1) Tfl<br /> - Thi tning trudng Id thu Tri thfla, thi<br /> nay ve sau, trong xa ed ngfldi dl Tien si thi<br /> theo Id Chieu khfim dien Hfin lam Tu soan,<br /> Vfin hoi sfla ll mflng va mflng tiln eho 12<br /> Tri huyen, Hufiii dao, Tri b^ cfic chfle lfim<br /> quan. Dli vdi ngudi thi do T^o si vdi bgn vo<br /> ll khai ha thi ehilu phfit cho ban thdn trdn<br /> eung nhfl thi; 2) Ngudi thi dS Cfl nhfin,<br /> dudi miing tiln lfi 1 quan 2 mach. Dfip le<br /> hofie trflng Vii eii (ben vd) dupc mflng tiln 6<br /> chilu theo dilu kidn hidn tai. Vd thi tii Vd<br /> quan; 3) NgUdi thi dl Tu tfii, dflde mflng<br /> uy trd len, tfl Huyen thfla trd len thi li nhri<br /> tiln 4 quan (...) (7).<br /> vfiy" (8).<br /> O Hofing Bdt, hUdng Ude ciia lfing cung Nhu vfiy bdn canh quy dinh ciia lfing xfi<br /> quy dinh: dfinh eho nhflng ngudi dd dat thi Hdi tfl<br /> "Phfim lfi nghiep vfin mfi trflng Tid'n si vfin ciing cd c h l dp khuydn khich dfinh eho<br /> thi ea thon ehinh te fio mii, bfiy dfiy dii le cfic si tfl dupc vinh danh trong khoa efl.<br /> vfit ddi vdi t l tidn thi c5 Sa Lao 1 con, xdi 1 Sri ra ddi eua Hdi tfl vfin phan finh vai<br /> bfin, rupu 1 vd, trfiu cau mdt phong. Ban trd ciia tfing ldp tri thflc trong lfing xa Viet<br /> thdn miing 3 quan tien. Nlu tning Tam Nam truyin thong. Dfic biet, Hdi tfl vfin lfi<br /> khdi, thi c§ tiln mflng la 5 quan. Tiep dd'n td chfle xfi hpi ddng vai trd chu chit trong<br /> lfi khdng k l h§u bae, ban thdn cflng suy<br /> cfic boat ddng ll hdi - dinh cao ciia sinh<br /> phong lfim quan vign cac chfle trong lfing.<br /> boat vfin hda cdng dong. Trong nhiing ngfiy<br /> Lfim le mflng vui, ban thdn se mflng 1 quan<br /> te Ii tai vfin tfl, vai trd ciia Hdi tfl vfin cd<br /> 8 trfim mach. V l quan v5 tfl Qufin cdng trd<br /> tinh chfit quylt dinh. Ngudi chu t l trong<br /> len thi nhfl the'.<br /> nhiing ngfiy te le "xufin thu nhi ki" thfldng<br /> - Triing tfl trfldng Hfldng thi thi yet kiln lfi do ngfldi dflng dfiu h^i (Hdi trfldng, hofie<br /> t l tidn xdi mot mfim, nidu 2 vd, thit 2 Trflm tfl vfin). Khofin ride lfing Nhfin Vuc<br /> milng, trfiu cau 2 phong, nhfl lfim ll khai (ting Lo Hfldng, huydn Hofing Hoa), dflpc<br /> h£i thi ban thdn gdp tiln dflng mpt llu d l b l sung dfldi thdi Bao Dai (1925 - 1945),<br /> ti^n vi$e fin uong. Cdn theo tren dfldi phfin quy dinh cu thi: ' T l ll do chfinh phd li mdi<br /> chia diu nhau. Nhu n$p tiln thi chufin lfi 2 eu, hfldng chiic vfi trflm tfl vfin phu trfich"<br /> quan, ban thdn lfim ll miing cd tiln lfi 1 (9). Trong khoan ride thdn Nam, xfi Binh<br />  s& Rghien curu Lich sil'. stf 6.2013<br /> <br /> Hda, ting Nam Ban, huydn Td'ng Sdn, phii - Ben hflu: trai chilu trdn, dfinh cho cfic<br /> Hfi Trung, soan nfim Tfl Dflc thfl 21 (1868) Nho sinh chria dd d^t.<br /> vilt: "Khi ban thdn cd vide eiing tl" phiing • Cum hfing giiia: trai chilu trdn, dfinh<br /> Sri thfin thfinh (...) eac vi quan vien, trflm cho cfic ly hridng dridng chfle ngdi ghi chip<br /> lao, hpi tfl vfin theo chfle vi lfim l l nhfl nghi nhflng quylt dinh da dripc bfin bae.<br /> thiie. Vi nfio vang mat, khdng cd li do chfnh<br /> Cac hfing chilu xd'p thfl bfic tren dfldi,<br /> dfing, ban thdn phat gfi, rflpu" (10). Sau khi<br /> trong chilu diu Ifi'y t u l i thp Ifim trpng.<br /> dli ll, mfim cd cflng dripc chia phfin theo<br /> Cling mdt hpc vi, ai cao tuoi hdn thi Bgoi trgn,<br /> diing nguydn tfic, trong dd Hdi tfl vfin cd<br /> it tuoi ngoi dfldi. Thi du, vfio ddi Thidu Tri<br /> phfin quan trpng, Khofin udc thdn Nam, xa<br /> (1841 -1847), lfing Hofing Bdt cd mpt ngridi Ifi<br /> Binh Hda ndi rd khi lfing cd vide fin uong,<br /> "Id bilu dng thii tfl mot ed, li tnidng mpt eo, Nguyen Bfi Nha, thdng minh, hpc gidi, do<br /> ban thdn hai co, hoi tfl vfin hai co, tufin Hofing giap nfim 22 tuoi (12). Lfing rfit tri hfio<br /> phien hai co" (11). vl Hofing gifip Nguyen Ba Nha vfi gifinh cho<br /> dng mdt cho ngdi cao nhfit d Bang Mdn (finh.<br /> O Holing Bdt, tuc te thfinh hofing ciing Nguyen Ba Nha tiing gifl chfle Tri phii Hfim<br /> do "Lfing vfin" dam nhidm, Ngfiy mflng mdt<br /> Thufin thdi Thidu Tri nhring khong may dng<br /> Td't, vfin thfin trong lfing lam Id te trdi, dfi't<br /> bi bao benh vfi mfit sdm khi sri nghiep cdn<br /> sau dd lfim le t l thanh hofing Nguyin<br /> dang dd. Tfi'm gridng "cfin lao kho hpc" cua<br /> Tuyen. Trong khi lfing md hdi t l ll d Dinh<br /> Nguyin Ba Nha ddn nay vfin dflpc truyin<br /> dun (tflc mdt n l n dfit rpng, bfing phdng, eao<br /> tung.<br /> rfio trridc Bang Mdn Dinh), thi trong Bang<br /> Mdn Dinh, Hdi tu vfin td' chfle dfing doc "Lfing vfin" Hofing Bdt do ngridi cd hpc<br /> ngpc pha vfi khen thudng nhflng bfi vp nudi thflc eao nhfii; trong lfing dflng dfiu, gpi lfi<br /> chong fin hpc thanh tfii, khuyin khieh con Hdi trfldng. Hdi trfldng do Hdi tri vfin bfiu<br /> em "sdi kinh nfiu sii", nhac nhd nhiing (gpi lfi che dd "dfiu trfiu"). "Lfing vfin" cdn c6<br /> ngfldi cii xfl trai vdi lufin thfldng dao ly, trfii mdt Hap trfldng lam chfle nfing thfl kf.<br /> vdi nho phong. Nghi ll nfiy thfldng dripc gpi Hap trfldng la ehflc danh do lfing dfit ra, cd<br /> lfi "Bdm dgo". Nghi thflc thfldng nien nfiy nhilm vu giii vfi ghi so sach, td' chfle vige t l<br /> chi diln ra d dinh lfing, mdt Ifin hilm hoi ll d vfin ehi, xuan thu nhi ki. Khi Hap<br /> trong nfim. trfldng qua ddi thi dflpc hfldng vinh dfl<br /> ngang vdi cac dng tii tfii, nghla lfi lfing vfin<br /> Mdt ndt ddc dfio la chig'u ngdi cho cfic vj sS ddng trdng d van chi bao hieu dl lfing<br /> tri trong buli Dfim dao cung tufin thii tri^t din dfl tang ddng dii (13). Mdt sd' Hdi tfl<br /> di nguygn tfic tren - dfldi, trong - ngofii, cao vfin d efie lfing ven bien huyen Hfiu Ldc thi<br /> - thfip rfit rd rfing. giup vile cho Hdi tnidng lfi Diln vfin vfi Ta<br /> - Hfing gifla tren nhfit, trai chilu cap vfin. Cdng vide chinh cua Diln vfin lfi lo<br /> dilu (cd sfich ndi chieu hoa) dfinh cho cac gifiy td sd sach eho Hdi, tham gia soan vfin<br /> hpc vi Tie'n si. td' ho£ic giao cho Ta vfin lo soan trong eac<br /> dip t l II Khing Tfl tai vfin chi vfi t l thfinh<br /> - Hfing gifla tilp sau, trai chieu cap xanh,<br /> hofing lfing hfing nfim. Van te Khing Ttt 5<br /> dfinh cho cfic vi Hfldng cdiig, Cii nhfin.<br /> lfing Y Bieh vfi vfin te thfinh hofing lfing An<br /> - Bdn ta: trai chilu trdn, dfinh cho cfic Gifio (huy^n Hfiu Ldc) d i u ghi do Dong tU<br /> hpc vi Tu tfii. vfin hdi soan (14).<br /> Vai n a ve lang vfln va lang hp..<br /> <br /> Dilu dfing chu f d Hoang B^t lfi mdi Ifin lufin phien cho cfic gia dinh ed ngfldi trong<br /> "Lfing vfin" bfiu Hpi tnidng se cd sfl tham Vfin hdi cfiy cfiy, hoa lpi diing vfio vide<br /> di;I cua nhilu quan vien ehflc sfic vfi Hdi ehung (20). Tfii lidu xfi chi ciia xa An Gifio,<br /> trfldng Hdi tfl vfin ciing phai dflpc sU chfip huypn Hfiu Ldc eho bilt: cfic thfinh vidn tfl<br /> thufin ciia quan trdn. 18 tud'i trd ldn cd t h i gia nhfip Hdi tfl van.<br /> Hdi tnidng hay Hap trfldng lfi efie chfle Ll thflc nhfip h$i ciang dflpc qui dinh mdt<br /> danh dflpc lfing xa trpng vpng, vl vfiy gia pha cfich chfit ehe: cfic Nho sinh hay Gifim sinh<br /> cfic ddng hp d Hofing Lpc ghi lai nhilu Irridng thfldng chuin bi mdt cdi trfiu, siia mpt li<br /> hpp nfiy. Gia pha hp Hfi (Hfi Duy Phidn) cd gdm xdi, gfi mang tdi trtnh hdi trridng yet ll<br /> ghi lai: d ddi thfl 9, hd thfl hai, buy lfi Doan tai dinh hofie vfin chi. Sau khi trtnh bfio<br /> lfim Hdi trfldng Hpi tfl vfin ban xfi ddi thfl 11, nhfip hdi de trd thfinh hdi vien chinh thflc,<br /> buy lfi Cfldng, tri lfi Tinh Chinh, lfi Hap vi Nho sinh hay Gifim sinh phai lam li<br /> trfldr^ Hdi tri vfin ban xa (15). Gia pha hp vpng Hdi tri vfin. So tien vpng h^i dupe qui<br /> Nguyin Hfiu eung ghi lai: 'Tien to khao, Nho dinh lfi 36 quan tien dong. Nlu khdng cd<br /> sinh trung thflc, kidm ban xa tfl vfin vfin tiln nop phai gfin rudng dfit cho hpi. So<br /> trfldng Nguyin Qu^ Cdng, tri On Nha", "Ong tiln vpng hpi dripc dem mua rudng dfit, so<br /> Nguyin Vy lfim Hap trfldng d xfi, tfl Lac dfi^t gfin cho hpi diu dripc sfl dung vfio muc<br /> Thi^n", "dng Nguyen Tuyln lfim 1;^ tnidng, dich eua hdi thdng qua vide phfit canh thu<br /> Hap trfldng xfi nhfi"... Dfing ehu f lfi hidn td, Td mfi Hdi tri vfin thu lfi bfing xdi nd'p<br /> tflpng dng Nguyin Tl, tri Phiic Holing, lfim thdm mfi ngridi nh§n rudng cd trfich nhidm<br /> chfinh ly txfldng rii lfim "Hap trfldng xa nhfi nfi'u dl phue vy vfio nhflng ngfiy tl^ ll<br /> trong 30 nfim" (16). Trong gia pha ddng hp Khing Tfl tai v&n chi, trong cfic dip te le<br /> Nguyen Hfiu tai xa Ho4ng Loe (Hofing Hda) xufin thu nhi ki tai den thfinh vfi thfinh<br /> eung ghi lai v i ^ Nguyin Hoa (1701-1783) hofing d dinh (21).<br /> (15) sau khi v l tri ai tai qud nhfi (nfim 1765) O Hofing Bit, ddi vdi thfinh vidn cua<br /> da tham gia Hdi tfl vfin eua lfing. Trudc dd, minh, "Lang vfin" cd hinh thfle gifio due ddi<br /> dng to ddi thfl tu cua ddng hp nfiy, sdng vfio hdi phai dam bao tfl cfich dao dflc tot, gifl<br /> khoang cuoi t h i ki XVII ciing dripc bfiu Ifi gin danh tLd cua ngfldi cd hoc. Nhflng ngfldi<br /> Vfin trridng "Lfing vfin" (17). khdng chfip hfinh dilu 10, cd hfinh ddng,<br /> Cfic nhfi khoa bang, nhflng ngfldi bilt thfii dp trfii vdi 10 lfing, phdp nfldc, thi se bi<br /> chfl Hfin, CO phfim chfit dao dflc td't, to tidn xofi ten trong s i lfing vfin, Ngfldi dfin<br /> khdng lfim dilu ^ hai lfing hai nudc, dfi Hofing Bdt tfl hfio vl 'l^ang vfin" vfi truyin<br /> ng^ cfl d lfing it nhfi't ba ddi theo 1^ "Tam thd'ng khoa bang, hilu hpc ciia minh:<br /> dai thfinh tl*', ndp 1$ phi eho lfing tfl 10 den San sdt ddu hdu nin tUdng, ddng trdm<br /> 20 quan, thi dflpc vfio "Lfing vfin" (19). Dilu anh ndt got chen vai;<br /> nfiy lfi thdng 1$ chung cua efie Hdi tri vfin<br /> Chan chan vach Khdng sdn Trinh, nhd<br /> d$c biet lfi d t h i ki XDC, Hfii tfl vfin xa<br /> thi liliin tudng gidp mdi...<br /> Quang Chilu huy^n Ddng Son qui dinh:<br /> Nhflng ngfldi tfl 18 tuli trd ldn, muon vfio (Thdc Udc vdn Idng Hodng Bgt} (22).<br /> H(Si tfl vfin thi ndp h^i phi, tinh mSi tuoi 1 Lang hg<br /> quan tien. Din nfim Thfinh Thai, Dinh Dfiu Tnidc hit, cfin phai ndi rfing nhiing<br /> (1898), Hpi dfi cd quy rupng 3 mfiu 7 sfio. nguIn tfl lidu vl "Lfing hd" thiic sri it di.<br />  Rghian ciiu Lich SIS', stf 6,2013<br /> <br /> Cac nguon tfii li$u chinh vfin hfiu nhri phu phen tap dieh trong cac dip le hpi, khi<br /> khdng ghi chdp v l dilu nfiy, hofie gia ehi cd quan ve lfing hay cd ngfldi dS dat dfldc<br /> tan man ddi chflt. Sd dl nhfl vfiy bdi "Lfing vinh quy bfii to; d i n phfin cdng nhflng<br /> hd" bao gom cfic dfin dinh tfl 18 tudi khdng ngfldi lfim khfin chp vfi rao mo. Cd mdt<br /> dripc hpc hfinh, phai lfim cfic nghia vu phu diem cfin Iriu ^ lfi, vdi dfit Hofing Bdt, manh<br /> phen tap dich nhri khidng kidu, trai chilu dfit khoa bang thfinh danh nen nhflng<br /> trong cac ngfiy le hpi, ddn rridc. Cfic cdng ngridi rao md dfl lfi cfl dfin ciia "Lfing hd"<br /> vide cua "Lfing hd" lfi nhflng vipc nfing khdng dripc hpc hfinh song lai ^hai lfla<br /> nhpc, hen kdm, bdi vfiy khdng dfldc lfing xa chpn c^n thfin. Dfiy phai lfi nhflng ngfldi du<br /> coi trpng, du rang con s i "Lfing hd" chfic khdng biet chfl, nhring cd t h i chuyin efie<br /> chan se phai ddng dao hdn nhilu so vdi npi dung cfin truyin dat din lfing xdm<br /> "Lfing van" hay Hdi tfl vfin. thfinh nhiing bai vd thu vi. Ngfldi dan<br /> Hofing Ldc cho biet: theo cac cu k l lai, trfldc<br /> NhQng trai dinh khdng bid't chfl, tfl 18<br /> dfiy, dfldi thdi Nguyin, d lfing cd cu co Thii<br /> tuoi trd len dripc bign vfio so "Lfing hd" cua<br /> rao mo hay den mflc khi tri huyen di qua<br /> Hofing Bdt. Dflng dfiu "Lfing hp" lfi dng Thu<br /> nghe dripc da thfldng cho cu 1 hfio bae.<br /> hp. Day lfi ngridi cd uy tin trong "Lfing hd"<br /> vfi dripc quan tren phe chufin. Trong ki fle Trong cfic cdng vipc eua "Lang hd", edng<br /> cua nhflng ngfldi dan hp Bfli cdn nhd ddng vi$c cd "danh gifi" hdn ca cd le ehinh lfi cfii<br /> hp minh trfldc dfiy cd dng Thii Hpp (dng chfle "khan chp"! Dfit Hofing Bdt ed chd<br /> Thu hp tgn lfi e l Hpp) la ngfldi lfim vide Qufing - mdt chp ldn cua tinh Thanh. Chp<br /> dripc dan lfing kinh trpng, quan tren. nhdn nhip nhri cau ca tflng midu ta: "Cha<br /> Dfi'u tich ciia "Lfing hd" cdn dripc Iriu gifl Qudng phiin dgi, ngUdi dgi cUng di",<br /> d dia dilm gpi Ifi dilm canh ciia lfing, cung khdng chi ngridi trong huydn mfi ca eac<br /> gpi lfi dilm lfing hp. Dieu nfiy cho phdp huydn Ifin cfin eung v l day budn ban. Trong<br /> chung ta suy lufin rang, khdng chi lfi phu chp phan chia ra tflng khu hfing rieng,<br /> phen tap dich trong cfic ngfiy l i hpi, "Lang hfing vai ngdi gfin khu dinh Bang Mdn, roi<br /> hd" cdn cd ehflc nfing thiic hidn vi$c canh din hfing xdn, hfing thit ngoi phia ngofii.<br /> phdng cho Ifing. Dia dilm did'm eanh lfing Chinh vi ^'fiy, vide tim dflpc mdt cho ngoi<br /> hd eung ehinh lfi ndi didn ra phidn chd trong chd de thufin tidn cho budn ban thi<br /> chuyen ban vai vfio cac ngfiy 4; 9 fim lich, phai "nhd cfiy" d i n dng "khfin chp", ciing do<br /> gpi lfi chd Diem. dd mfi vi tri cua dng "khfin chp" cung tr5<br /> Cung d diem canh, "Lfing hd" hpp vfio ngn quan trpng hdn nhilu!<br /> ngfiy mung 2 Tit. Day lfi Ifin hpp duy nhfit Theo tfii lidu dien da ciia chflng tdi, c6<br /> trong nam cua dan hd. Tai buoi hpp nfiy, mdt dilm dfic biet ve "Lfing hd" d Hoing<br /> khdng khi diln ra trang nghiem, trfit tfl, fept la mfic dfl quanh nfim phai thflc bidn<br /> thfim chi trong tri nhd cua nhiing ngfldi cfic nghia vu nfing nhoc, song cd 3 ngay<br /> dfin Hoang Ldc, khi "Lfing hp" hpp, nhiing 'Xfing hd" dflde "quyin Irie" quan trpng lfi 3<br /> ngridi di ngoai dilm cflng phai nhe nhfing, ngfiy Td't: mflng 1, 2, 3, hp dfldc di den nhfi<br /> khdng dripc gfiy on anh hfldng de'n buoi efie quan chuc tet, dupc dpn cd bfin mdi fin,<br /> hpp, Dfiy la cude hpp quyg't dinh vi$c phfin dripc thridng tiln mflng tud'i mang vl. Dfiy<br /> cdng cae nghia vu trong "Lfing hd", tfl vide lfi nhflng ngfiy mfi ngridi dfin hd cd thdm eai<br /> cfit cii nhiing ngfldi khieng kidu, trai chilu. quyin dripc ton trpng cua lfing xa, dl roi<br /> Vai n6> ve lang vfln va lang hQ...<br /> <br /> sau ba ngfiy tit, hp lai trd vl vdi thfin phfin Mac du vfiy, nhflng cfl lidu tren chfla cho<br /> phuc dich cua minh. Dfiu sao di ehfing nfla, phdp ehiing ta khfing dinh vl ho^t d^ng<br /> truyin thong nfiy ciing phan finh mdt n i t cua t l chfle "Lang hd" t^i cfic vflng nfiy. Doi<br /> vfin hda dep ciia ngridi Hofing Bpt! vdi trfldng hpp Hoang Bdt, dilm ddc dao<br /> Trong cac nghidn eflu vl lfing xa Thanh chinh la d chd, hai to ehflc "Lfing vfin" vfi<br /> Hda, ngoai trfl eud'n sach vilt vl Hofing L^c "Lfing hd" t i n tai trong cflng cfic xdm ngd,<br /> •"Hoang Ldc ddt hiiu hgc" thi hfiu nhfl song cd cfic quy dinh vfi t h i c h l sinh boat<br /> khdng de cfip de'n to ehflc nfiy. Mdt vfii tfii khfic nhau. "Lfing hp" d dfiy khdng tfich bi$t<br /> lidu cd nhfic dlh cfic nhfin vfit "thu hp" vfi khdi cong dong dfin cri, dilu nfiy dl phan<br /> "dfin hd" nhu: Khofin udc lfing Hflu Le, xa bidt vdi cac trUdng hpp "Lfing hd" cua cfic<br /> Muc Sdn, huyen Ldi Dridng, phu Thp Xufin, "khfich hd" phai cU ngu ngofii Ifing. O lfing<br /> nfim Thfinh Thai thfl 18 (1906), trong dilu Bdt, hp vfin qufiy qufin trong Ifing xdm,<br /> thfl 18 CO ghi: "Pham ngfldi nfio mfit trfiu song khdng dripc dfl hpp d dinh Bang Mdn,<br /> bo, phai lfip tflc trinh vdi thu hd (TG nhfin ma phai don diem eanh cua "Lfing hd".<br /> manh), hogc trflm trridng dl danh ba hii "Lfing hd" lfi luc Iridng dam trfich cfic<br /> trong..." (23). Dilu 24 trong khofin fldc tid'p cdng vide nfing nhpc, vfi't va cua lfing. Thofit<br /> tuc nhfic din nhfin vfit "thu hd": "He dd'n ki khdi dia vi trong "Lfing hd" lfi fldc md cua<br /> ban quan thfin phu than lfim l l cfiu phiic, mpi trai dinh trong lfing xa.<br /> mpi ngudi trong thdn, tfl 8 tuoi trd Idn, diu 3. Mot vfii n h a n xet<br /> tfl den linh cfio giai (...) Chfl vidn khuynh 3.1. Ciing Ifi efie Ifing khoa bang, nhring<br /> hang, tfl khfin hd trd ldn, thu hd (TG nhfin lfing Md Traeh (Hai Dridng) hay lfing Qu^nh<br /> manh) trd xuong, cfl theo thfl tfl canh Ddi (Nghf An) khdng cd sri phfin chia cri dfin<br /> phdng ling tnie, dl bieu thi cfii nghia trgn thanh "hai lang" nhri trridng hpp Hofing L^c.<br /> dfldi tfldng thfin tridng trd" (24). Trong ciing mdt lfing xfi, ngo xdm, ddng hp,<br /> thfim chi cd khi cflng mdt dai gia (finh, cfic<br /> Khoan ride thdn Nam, xa Binh Hda, tong thfinh vidn nam lai dripc phan chia trong hai<br /> Nam Ban, huydn Ting Sdn, phii Hfi Trung, to ehflc tfip hpp dfin khae bift: "Lfing vfin" va<br /> soan nam Tfl Dflc thfl 21 (1868) thi nhfic tdi 'Tifing hd" - hai to ehflc vdi nhflng quyin ldi<br /> nhfin vfit thu hang: "Cfic hang dinh nam, nlu vfi nghia vu khae nhau. Vfiy tai sao lai cd<br /> nghe thfiy 6 hoi trd'ng phai dd'n dinh hpp v6i hidn tridng nfiy?<br /> cae cu trflm lao. Ne'u ai bfin vide ridng, trtnh<br /> Theo chiing tdi, cdi nguon cua vfin dl<br /> vdi li trudng hay thu hgng (TG nhfin manh)<br /> xufit phfit chinh lfi tfl truyin thing trpng<br /> thi dflpc miin" (25). Phai ehfing, dfiy ciing lfi<br /> bpc trong edng dong lfing xa, Khdng phai<br /> mpt each gpi ciia Thu hd?<br /> ngfiu nhidn d hai lfing Bpt cd Bang Mdn<br /> Ben canh dd, khoan ride lfing Nhan Vfle, Dinh. Tren miln Bfic vfi miln Trung cd hai<br /> tong Lo Hridng, huyen Ho^ng Hofi cung ghi ngdi dinh mang ten dinh Bang, t h i nhflng<br /> rfing: "Ai ed chuydn tang nhd dfin Ifing tong hai ten gpi nfiy mang hai y nghia hofin tofin<br /> tang thi tfl trflm tnidng din ki dich diu fin khfic bigt: nlu Dinh Bang d Tii Sdn (Bfic<br /> mfic do dfla tang. Bdn hd (TG nhfin manh) Ninh) dflpc dfit theo tgn gpi ciia lfing (Ifing<br /> tfl bfin 4 trd xuing ndn di dfla tang" (26). Cd Dinh Bang), thi Bang Mdn Dinh lai lfi cfii<br /> phai "dfin hd" dflpc nhfic din trong khofin ten mang hfim y khuyen khieh si^ hpc ciia<br /> fldc ciing chinh lfi "dfin hd" cua "Lfing hp"? lfing: Bang Mdn: c^a ddn vdo bdng Vdng,<br />  Rghien cflu Lich siS*. stf 6.2Q13<br /> <br /> khoa bdng. Khdng phai ngfiu nhien mfi tu Phign am:<br /> hfldng I m d dfiy tnidc tign lfi "trgng khoa Si quan tfl Ifip thfin phu ngridng vd quy<br /> han trgng hogn" (trpng ngfldi dd dat, cd hpc Hfldng am tflu di ll trfldng fi'u hflu lufin<br /> vi, hdn lfi ngfldi phfim trfit quan tridc), sau<br /> Dich nghia:<br /> dd mdi theo nguydn tfic: "HUu quan nhUOng<br /> quan, vd quan nhUOng ldo" (Nghia lfi; Nlu NgUdi qudn tti lap thdn dUdc thua<br /> ed quan tudc thi nhfldng ngfldi cd quan tfldc khdngthen<br /> cao, cdn nlu khdng cd quan ehflc thi Ldng liin hoanphdi co litren diM ddng bgc<br /> nhfldng ngfldi nhilu tuoi). Din Hofing Ldc, Hofie:<br /> chflng ta dflpc nghe nhilu cfiu chuyen dfin<br /> gian mfi trong dd, ngridi ta dfinh chilu trdn<br /> tai Bang Mdn Dinh, dfinh sfl tdn kinh cho Bg s: as It jE r ft n )tt ^ 3fe<br /> Hofing gifip Nha tre tuli hdn ca Thflpng Phign fim:<br /> thri Ha Duy Phien (27) dfiu trieu! Nhflng<br /> Hflu dpng hflu lufin tfl lidt tdn ti phd<br /> dilu nfiy lfi minh chiing cho thfiy vai trd thinh hdi<br /> eua si^ hpc trong cdng dong Ifing xa.<br /> Chieu vfin chidu dd trang nghidm n^i<br /> Chinh vi vfiy, sfl ra ddi cua 'T,fing vfin" ngoai trfing vinh quang<br /> vfi "Lfing hd" cung khdng n^m ngoai muc<br /> Dich nghia:<br /> dich trdn. Sfl phan biet cfl dfin cua hai<br /> "lfing" cd f nghla tdn trpng, dpng vien, Cd ddng CO hoc sdp dgt trin di^ bdy hMtu<br /> khuyd'n khich ngudi ed hoc. Nlu cha dng lfi Sdng vdn sdng phep trang nghiim trong<br /> dan "Lang hd" nhflng den con chau dupc ngodi dep ednh quan<br /> hpc hanh thi cd the dripc vao "Lang vfin". 3.3. Tfl trridc din nay, khi nghidn cflu vl<br /> Vdi ngridi dfin Hofing Bdt, dd la ca sfl thay t l ehflc xa hdi cua lfing xa Vigt Nam truyin<br /> dli thfin phfin. Chinh do mdt sd' dilu phfin thd'ng, chflng ta vfin cho rang "Lfing vfin"<br /> bidt gifla dfin hai "Ifing" ndn nhilu gia hay "Lfing hd" la nhiing to chfle cd tinh<br /> dinh, dfl nghgo khd dd'n dfiu, cung cl" eho chfit "phudng hdi" ddn thufin, khdng phai<br /> con em theo ddi but nghidn chfl nghia d l cd mpt td chfle nam trong bd mfiy quan li xa<br /> dip vfio "Lfing vfin", dl cd vi tri trong cfic hpi. Song trong qua trinh diln da thflc tl,<br /> hoat ddng eua lfing xa. Dilu nfiy gdp phfin chung tdi nhfin thfiy rling: cfic t l ehflc nfiy,<br /> thflc dfiy tinh than hpc tfip cua mpi ngfldi dfic bidt lfi Hdi tu vfin tai nhflng ndi co<br /> dfin trong lfing, dfl dd la gia dmh gifiu eo, truyin thong khoa bang nhri Hofing Bdt, c6<br /> hay nhflng gia dinh quanh nfim "bfin mi^t vai trd quan trpng trong nhilu hoat ddng<br /> cho dfi't, bfin Iflng cho trdi". cua lfing xa, nhfit lfi trong cfic sinh hoat tin<br /> ngridng cdng dong. Hdn nfla, mfic dfl khdng<br /> 3.2. Sri t i n tai cua hai to ehflc "Lfing nfim thflc quyin, nhring "Lfing vfin" lfi b$<br /> vfin" va "Lfing hd" cujig cho thfiy mdt xfi hpi tham mriu, vach ke hoach quan ly mpi mfit<br /> ngdi thfl nang ne d Ho^ng Ldc thdi trung cho chfle dich thi hfinh. "Lfing vfin" cd uy<br /> dai. 6 Bang Mdn Dinh hidn nay cung cdn tin vdi dfin lfing, quan trdn cung phai kinh<br /> nhilu cau ddi t h i hign ro dilu nfiy: nl. Ly trfldng chfle dich neu tham nhung<br /> hdng hach vdi dan, "Lfing vfin" cd kiln nghi<br /> d l nghi quan tren, thi se hi efich chfle. Si^<br /> il!S^ i i Ki ^ g «j W ^ cd mfit ciia cfic quan vien cfip trdn dl phg<br /> Vai n6> ve lang vfln va l&ng hO...<br /> <br /> duypt trong buoi "dfiu trfiu" doi vdi cfic chfle eho thfi'y tfim quan trpng vfi anh hfldng eiia<br /> Hpi trridng Hdi tri vfin vfi Thii hd nhri efie to chiic nfiy trong ho?it ddng chung cua<br /> trfldng hpp Hofing L§c thdi trung dai da lfing xfi.<br /> <br /> CHUTHtCH<br /> (1). Thanh H6a n6i tttfn; Vio cull the ki XVIII, (12). Nguyin B i Nhsi h i | u l i Long Chiu, ngfidi<br /> diu t h i ki XIX, viing &&t Thanh Hda v i Ninh Binh x i Hoing DEIO sinh n i m N h i m Ng? (1822), d3<br /> dUdc chia t h i n h : Thanh Hoa noi tri'n, tljtc tinh HiiOng cong khoa T i n Svlu, niin hi$u Thieu Tr)<br /> Thanh Hda v i Thanh Hoa ngoai trloi, tutc tinh thfi n h i t (1841). Khoa thi Hdi n i m QuJ Mio<br /> Ninh Binh sau niy. (1843), dng d5 Df nhi giip Tiln ai xufiTt t h i n thfi<br /> (2). Sich Hodng Lgc ddt hiiu hgc ch6p ten 256 n h i t (tfic Hoing giip), khi dng 22 tuli. Diy l i<br /> hiidng cong, cii n h i n diidi triiu LS v i triiu khoa thi d i u tign nhfi Nguyen Ufy do Dg n h i t giip<br /> Nguyin. Diy l i nhiing t h i n g kg du^c d i n ngudn v i ngiidi dfi IKnh nguygn, D§ n h i t giip Tiln ai cftp<br /> chu ylu tii gia p h i cic ddng ho, do v^y tinh chfnh d | D§ tam danh (Thim hoa) l i Mai Anh Tulfn,<br /> xic cin dUA: kilm chutng th&m. Sach Trgng ngiidi Thach Gian, huygn Nga Sdn, hoc trd ciia<br /> nguyin, tien si, huang cdng Viit Nam ch^p 98 Nhfl B i Si.<br /> ngUdi H o ^ g L ^ d$u trung khoa. 6 diy, chihig t£i (13), (19). Bfii Khic Vi|t, Nguyen Dfic Nhu^,<br /> thfi'ng k i tit B&ng khoa luc Thanh Hoa (nguygn Hodng I4c - ddt hieu hoc, Nxb. Thanh Hda, Thanh<br /> vfin tfin sich l i Thu tt di danh ki) kl h i | u 78ffiC - Hda, 1996, tr. 61, 62.<br /> 3.086 liiu tgi phdng Dja chf tinh Thanh Hda, cdng (14). Xem thgm: Phaim V i n Tuf&i, Ca cdu td<br /> trinh ra ddi khoang cuSi n i m 1875, dfiu n i m 1876, chUc xa hgi truyin thdng cia lang Viit ven biin<br /> 3iJu t i p chi tilt v i cdng phu ve cic v} t m n g khoa huySn Hgu Lgc, tlnh Thanh Hoa, L u ^ i n Tiln si<br /> cua Thanh Hda cho d i n n i m 1875 v i sich Qudc afi hoc. H i NOi, 2008,<br /> triiu huang khoa lgc cua Cao X u i n D^c.<br /> (15). Gia phd hg Hd (Hd tgc phd ki), t i i li^u<br /> (3). Phan D^i Doan, Ldng Viet Nam da nguyin sUu t i m tai dia phUdng.<br /> vd chgt, Nxb. D^i hoc Qufic gia H i N^i, H i N^i, (16), (18). Gia phd Nguyin Hdu, tii ligu sfiu<br /> 2006, tr. 19. t i m t^i dja phiidng, tr. 8-9.<br /> (4). Gia pha ho Bui, ban chd H i n , lUu t^i xa (17). Nguyin Hoa thu$c ddng doi Tien<br /> Ho^ng Ldc (Ho^ng H6a, Thanh Hoa). Nguyen Thanh.(1506-1545), Tien ai khoa T i n<br /> (5). Vien NghiSn ctiu H i n Ndm, Van khdc Hdn Siiu, triiu M^c Phiic Hai (1541), hai l i n thi H^i<br /> N6m Viet Nam, Nxb. Khoa hoc x i h^i. H i Ngi, chi dl tam trUdng, song d^y h9C r i t gidi, dUdc chfia<br /> 1992, tr 936, Tqnh mdi v l kinh dd giang sich t^i phu Minh Dd<br /> (6), (7), (20). Vi^n Nghi&n ciiu H i n Ndm, Vdn Vfidng CPrinh Doanh).<br /> khSc Han Ndm Viit Nam, add, tr. 930, 933, 933. (21). Xem them: Pham V i n Tufin, Ca cdu td<br /> (8). Hiidng Udc xa Ho^ng Nghia, ban chii H i n , chUc xa hgi truyin thdng cda lang Vi^t ven biin<br /> tii li^u siiu t i m t ^ dia phUdng. huy^n Hgu Lgc, tlnh Thanh Hoa, L u i n i n tien si<br /> (9). Vi$n Nghiin cfiu v i n hda d9n gian, Huang sfi h9c, H i Ndi, 2008.<br /> Udc Thanh Hoa, Nxb. Khoa hoc xa h$i. H i N^i, (22). Thuc Udc v&n lang Hodng Bdt, t i i ligu aUu<br /> 2000, tr. 337. t i m t^i dia phfidng.<br /> (10), (11), (23), (24), (25), (26). Vi^n Nghign cfiu (27). H i Duy Phien (1791-1852): dS Hfidng<br /> vin hda d i n gian, Huang Udc Thanh Hoa, sdd, tr. cong Khoa Ky Mao, nien higu Gia Long thfi 18<br /> 118,119, 199, 201-202, 124, 335. (1819), l i m quan d i n ThUpng thu bd H§.<br />