Xác định loại enzyme phù hợp để tách lớp nhớt của hạt cà phê trong chế biến theo phương pháp ướt

KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE - MOI TRUCJNG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> XAC DjNH LOAI ENZYME PHU HQlP DE T A C H LOP<br /> NHdiT CUA HAT CA PHE TRONG CHE BIEN THEO<br /> PHlTOfNG P H A P UfiT<br /> T.S Nguyen Van Thitdng<br /> Vien KHKT Ndng ldm nghiep Tdy Nguyen<br /> LDATVANDE<br /> Mdt edng doan quan trgng trong ehe bien ei den eic mui vj xiu trong nude pha. Len men tu<br /> phe nhin theo phuong phip udt li tich Idp nhdt nhien lim ting miie do d nhiem nude v i khdng khi.<br /> nim tren vd thdc sau khi xit bd vd qui. Hai phuong Phuong phap danh nhdt co hoc khac phue<br /> phip tich nhdt phd bien hien nay Ii len men tu dugc mdt vii bit lgi cua phuang phip len men tu<br /> nhien v i dinh nhdt co hgc. Mdi phuang phip deu nhien, nhung nd lai ed eic bit lgi khie: thiet bj ed<br /> ed ban che nhit djnh: gii khi eao; tieu tdn nhieu dien; nguy co Iim nhieu<br /> Len men ty nhien cin xiy dung nhieu be len hat bj trdc vd thdc v i ei phe nhin khdng edn ldp bao<br /> men tdn kem vi ehju nhieu tie ddng khdng kiem ve nen khd bio quin. Do eic miy dinh nhdt khdng<br /> soit duge tir ben ngoii, nhit li yeu td nhiet do, do dd tieh duge nhdt nim tai khe hat nen mudn loai bd bet<br /> ket qui thu duge khdng dn djnh. Chit lugng ci phe nhdt phii len men bd sung, v i khi dd qui trinh ehe<br /> cd nguy co b j giim do nhieu hat bi len men thdi din bien trd nen phiic tap ban.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> H.3. Mdt logi chi phdm enzyme<br /> H.L Ulin men cdphi H.2. Ddnh nhat ca hgc ddng can 30 lit sie dung cho cd phi<br /> (Anh: VT) (Anh: VT) (Anh: VT)<br /> De trinh duge nhiing ban che trong ci hai hieu v i lim eho eic phan iing hda hge xiy ra cue ky<br /> phuong phip len men tu nhien v i dinh nhdt co bgc, nhanh. Cie hing sin xuit enzyme hien nay ehu yeu<br /> cae nhi khoa bgc de nghj sir dung enzyme de phin tich triet enzyme tir vi sinh vit.<br /> buy ldp nhdt. Enzyme khdng phii Ii hda chit m i li Trudc khi iing dung enzyme de phin buy ldp<br /> chit xuc tie sinh hge, ed trong te bio eiia mgi loai nhdt, diiu cdn thiit ddu tiin la phdi xdc dinh dugc<br /> sinh vit. Nd ed bin chat protein, ed tinh xiic tic die logi chi phdm enzyme phii hgp vai logi ca chat<br /> <br /> BAN TIN THONG TIN KH&CN SO 01/2011<br />  KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE - MOI TRJCJNG<br /> <br /> <br /> trong lap nhat. Thinh phin chinh cua Idp nhdt Ii - Qui chin ci phe vdi (thu hoaeh thing 12<br /> cac hgp chit eao phin tir nhu pectin, cellulose vi nim 2009 tai cic vudn ciy d Budn Ma Thudt) dugc<br /> cie loai dudng. Dudng tan trong nudc nhung pectin tich vd bing miy xit trdng thdng thudng de lay ra<br /> vi cellulose khdng tan trong nudc. Vi vay trong cic 30kg ciphe thdc.<br /> thi nghiem, ehung tdi chi sir dung cie ehe pham xiic - Ci phe thdc dugc chia lim 6 phin, mdi phan<br /> tic chiia enzyme peetinase hoac cellulase, hoac 5kg, dung trong eic chiu i-nox; cho them vio mdi<br /> chira hdn hgp eic enzyme thude hai nhdm niy. Mue chiu 2,5 lit nudc (theo ti le 2 ei phe/1 nudc). Dung<br /> tieu nghien ciru nhim xie djnh loai che phim miy dinh trimg cd hai cinh khuiy de khuay dio ky<br /> enzyme phu hgp de phin buy ldp nhdt cua hat ci ei phe d mdi chiu trong thdi gian 10 phut de chiet<br /> phe vdi (Robusta) trong phuang phip ehe bien udt xuat ldp nhdt. ;<br /> qua viee dinh gia hieu lue phin huy dich chiet ldp - Tich rieng hat ca phe ra; trdn chung djch<br /> nhdt eua ehung. chiet cua 6 chau de ed miu ehung, sau dd lai ehia<br /> 2. PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ deu eho 6 chiu de ed miu thi nghiem xir ly enzyme.<br /> 2.1. Quy trinh chuan hi mau<br /> Bang 1. Cac che pham enzyme thyc pham su* dung trong nghien cihi<br /> Che pham Thanh phan enzyme Nguon goc Tinh chat<br /> Polygalacturonase (viet Ldng, mau nau, tan<br /> Lumipect-CP tit PG, thudc nhdm Sin pham eua Lumis trong nudc. Hoat luc<br /> peetinase) Biotech P.Ltd,, An Do tdi thilu: 720 LU/ml.<br /> Ti trgng: l,25g/ml.<br /> Enzyme nhdm cellulase, Sin pham cua Novo Ldng, miu nau, mui<br /> chu yeu ji-glucanase; Nordisk Ferment Ltd, len men nhe, tan trong<br /> Peelzym®<br /> ngoii ra cdn cd xylanase Dan Mach. Sin xuit nudc. Hoat luc tdi<br /> vi hemicellulase nhung bang gidng nim thilu: lOOFBG/g. Ti<br /> boat luc thap Aspergillus aculeatus. trgng: l,23g/ml<br /> Sin phim cua AB Ldng, miu nau va mui<br /> Enzyme nhom peetinase,<br /> Rohapect® Enzymes, Phin Lan. thgm, tan trong nudc.<br /> gom pectinesterase (PE),<br /> lOL San xuit tir gidng nim Hoat luc tdi thieu: 260<br /> VG xk pectinlyase (PL)<br /> Aspergillus niger. PA. Ti trgng: l,18g/ml.<br /> Enzyme dhbm. peetinase<br /> Sin phim cua AB<br /> gdm PG, PE, PL; ngoai Bdt thd, miu nau nhat,<br /> Rohament® Enzymes, Phan Lan.<br /> ra cdn cd mdt sd enzyme tan trong nudc. Hoat<br /> pulpex San xuat tir gidng nam<br /> nhdm cellulase nhung luc tdi thilu: 600 PA.<br /> Aspergillus niger.<br /> boat tinh thap<br /> Sin phim ciia Novo Ldng, mau nau, miii<br /> PG, ngoai ra cdn cd Nordisk Ferment Ltd, len men nhe, tan trong<br /> Pectinex®<br /> hemicelllulase nhung Dan Mach. Sin xuit tir nudc. Hoat luc: 9500<br /> Ultra SP-L<br /> boat tinh rit thip gidng nim Aspergillus PGU/ml. Ti trgng:<br /> aculeatus. l,I6g/ml<br /> <br /> BAN TIN THONG TIN KH&CN SO 01/2011<br />  KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE - MOI TRLfCJNG<br /> <br /> - Chuin bj 5 ehl phim enzyme (neu d bing phiit. Sd lin do eho mdi edng thire xir Iy enzyme Ii<br /> 1), mdi loai enzyme xir ly djch nhdt d mdt chiu 15 lin. Don vj do nhdt tinh bing mPa.s<br /> rieng biet vdi lilu lugng 20 phin trieu (ppm) tinh (Millipaseal-giiy). Miie do giim do nhdt nhanh<br /> theo khdi lugng ei phe thdc udt. Djch chiet trong hay ehim thi hien hieu lue cua enzyme eao hay<br /> chiu edn lai li ddi chiing (khdng xii Iy enzyme). thip.<br /> 2.2. Danh gia hieu lire ciia enzyme 3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN<br /> Sir dung hai loai vi nhdt ke VT-03F v i VT- Ket qui trong bing 2 eho thiy ci nim loai<br /> 04F eiia Nhit Bin de do do nhdt eua djch chiet ngay enzyme deu cd tie dung lim giim nhanh do nhdt<br /> tai thdi diem trudc khi xir ly enzyme v i sau mdi 6 eua djch triet Idp nhdt cua hat ei phe.<br /> Bang 2. D o nhdt (dvt: mPa.s) cua dich chiet ldp nhdt ca phe sau khi xir ly enzyme<br /> Cac cong thirc xw ly enzyme<br /> Thdi gian<br /> Ddi<br /> xii' ly Lumipeet Rohapect® Rohament® Pectinex®<br /> Peelzym® chirng<br /> (phut) -CP lOL Pulpex Ulha SP-L<br /> <br /> 0 270 270 270 270 270 270<br /> 6 230 60 70 155 140 270<br /> 12 185 50 60 118 100 270<br /> 18 155 20 35 60 65 265<br /> 24 110 17 25 40 29 265<br /> 30 95 15 17 17 26 260<br /> 36 80 13 16 9 23 260<br /> 42 70 10 15 6 20 260<br /> 48 65 10 14 5 19 250<br /> 54 60 10 13 5 17 250<br /> 60 55 10 11 5 17 250<br /> 66 50 8 10 5 16 250<br /> 72 50 8 12 4 16 250<br /> 78 45 7 10 4 16 250<br /> 84 28 7 10 4 16 250<br /> Sd lieu cbi ra ring, do nhdt cua djch chiet ldp doan diu khdng lim giim do nhdt nhanh nhu<br /> nhdt trudc khi xir ly enzyme li 270 mPa.s; sau khi Peelzym® v i Rohapect® lOL, nhung d giai doan<br /> xir ly, Peelzym® lim giim do nhdt nhanh nhit (sau sau lim do nhdt cua djch chiet giim triet de nhit:<br /> sau 48 phut, do nhdt djch chiet cdn 5 mPa.s, chi<br /> 18 phut do nhdt djch chiet cdn 20 mPa.s) v i tilp<br /> bing 1/2 so vdi djch chiet xir ly Peelzym® v i bing<br /> theo li Rohapect® IOL (sau 24 phut do nhdt djch<br /> 1/3 so vdi djch chiet xir ly Rohapect® I OL. Luu y<br /> chiet cdn 25 mPa.s). ring do nhdt cua nude (lay tir gieng khoan) sir dung<br /> Ciing thiy ring Rohament® Pulpex d giai trong thi nghiem nay la 0,7 mPa.s.<br /> <br /> BAN TIN THONG TIN KH&CN SO 01/2011<br />  KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE - MOI TRUCJNG<br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 4 bilu diln qui trinh giim do nhdt cua Trong 5 ehl phim, Lumipeet CP ed hieu luc<br /> dich chiit bing sd tuong ddi (%). Trong khi ddi thap (sau 30 phiit do nhdt van cdn 30%o). Cdn lai 4<br /> ehiing khdng xir ly enzyme, sau 3 0 phut do nhdt van enzyme khic ed hieu lue tdt, sau 30 phut lim do<br /> cdn 94,7% thi cic edng thiie xir ly enzyme, do nhdt nhdt dich ehiit giim edn 5-10%; tuy viy trong 4<br /> chi cdn 5-33%. Sau 84 phut, do nhdt cua ddi ehiing loai niy, Pectinex® Ultra SP-L eho hieu lue kem<br /> van cdn 87,7%, trong khi do nhdt cua cic cdng thiie hon ba loai edn lai.<br /> xir ly ehi cdn dudi 10%).<br /> <br /> 120.0<br /> - L\imipect- CP<br /> 100.0<br /> - Peelzym®<br /> 80.0 -Rohapect® lOL<br /> <br /> - Rohament® Pulpex<br /> 60.0<br /> - Pectinex® Ultra SP-L<br /> 40.0 -<br /> - Doi chung Dich nhot<br /> <br /> 20.0 - Doi chiing Nuac<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84<br /> Thoi gian xii ly (phut)<br /> <br /> H.4. Dd thi bieu dien miec do gidm do nhdt tuang ddi cua dich triet ldp<br /> nhdt cd phe sau khi xie ly bang cdc logi enzyme<br /> Che phim Peelzym® cd hieu luc rit eao, Iam enzyme cd hieu luc cao ban che pham chi chiia<br /> giim do nhdt eiia dich triet ldp nhdt nhanh nhit: ehi enzyme don le.<br /> sau 18 phut xir ly, do nhdt eua djch triet ldp nhdt ehi - Hai ehe phim Peelzym® (hdn hgp eic<br /> eon 7%. Rohapect® lOL cho cdng ed hieu lire rit enzyme nhdm cellulose) v i Rohapect® lOL (hdn<br /> eao; sau 24 phut xir ly, do nhdt cua djch chiet cdn hgp cic enzyme rdiovti peetinase) cd hieu luc phan<br /> dudi 10%,. huy djch ehiet ldp nhdt eua qui ea phe eao nhit.<br /> Rohament® Pulpex eiing eho bieu lue cao. 4.2. Kien nghi<br /> Theo edng bd, boat lue peetinase eua ehe pham niy Nghien ciiu xie djnh dieu kien tdi thich ve<br /> li 600 PA, eao ban 2 lin so vdi Rohapect® I OL (260 lieu lugng, pH v i nhiet do mdi trudng de hai che<br /> PA); tuy viy ket qui nghien cim lai cho thiy hieu phim Peelzym® v i Rohapect® lOL phan buy ldp<br /> lire phin buy djch nhdt cua Rohapect® lOL eao nhdt ci phe tdt nhat./.<br /> hon. Cd le do bio ehe d dang bdt nen Rohament®<br /> TAI LIEU THAM KHAO CHINH<br /> Pulpex khd hda tan vio djch nhdt hon, vi viy phit<br /> 1. Carlos H. J. Brando (2004), Harvesting and<br /> huy tie dung ehim hon. Vdi uu tien lua chgn che<br /> Green Coffee Processing, in Coffee Growing,<br /> phim lim giim do nhdt dich triet xudng dudi 10%)<br /> Processing, Sustainable Production, Wiley-VCH<br /> nhanh nhit, nen Rohament® Pulpex khdng dugc<br /> Veriag Gmbh & Co. KgaA, Gennany 605-714<br /> ehgn cho eic nghien cim tiep theo.<br /> 2. Tai lieu ky thuat (2009) eua cie hang AB<br /> 4. KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI<br /> Enzyme, Novozyme va Greentech.<br /> 4.1. Ket luan<br /> 3.Reinhold Urlaub (2008), Enzyme application<br /> - Trong cie ehe phim enzyme peetinase v i in coffee processing, R-D Reports of AB<br /> cellulase, ehe phim chira hdn hgp nhieu loai Enzymes, EDSTACHEM (M) SDN, BHD.<br /> <br /> BAN TIN THONG TIN KH&CN SO 01/2011<br />