Activated T cells

Lactic acid produced by tumors has been shown to overcome immune surveillance, by suppressing the activation and function of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. The strategies employed to impair tumor cell glycolysis could improve immunosurveillance and tumor growth regulation. Dichloroacetate (DCA) limits the tumorderived lactic acid by altering the cancer cell metabolism.

12p vielonmusk 21-01-2022 7 0   Download

Peroxisomes are pivotal metabolic organelles that exist in almost all eukaryote cells. A reduction in numbers and enzymatic activities of peroxisomes was found in colon adenocarcinomas. However, the role of peroxisomes or the peroxisome pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not defined.

17p vielonmusk 21-01-2022 12 0   Download

We further confirm the specificity of toxin-conjugated anti-CD137 mAb showing that only T cells that expressed CD137 underwent apoptosis by staining with toxin-FITC-mAb conjugates. We also found that toxinconjugated anti-CD137 mAb was able to delete allore-active T cells in vitro. Our result indicates that CD137 targeted delivery of toxin is a good strategy to delete antigen-specific T cells.

8p tamynhan8 04-11-2020 7 1   Download

Retinoids are potent immune modulators that inhibit Fas ligand (FasL) expression and thereby repress the activationinduced apoptosis of immature thymocytes and T-cell hybridomas. In this study, we demonstrate that all-transretinoic acid (all-trans-RA) directly represses the transcriptional activity of the nuclear factors of activated T-cells (NFAT), which is an important transactivator of the FasL promoter.

9p research12 01-06-2013 42 5   Download

As an adaptation process to the growth retardation provoked by the presence of nonlethal concentrations of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, Ustilago maydis alters the ratio of linoleic to oleic acid bound to plasma membrane ´ complex lipids [Hernandez, A., Cooke, D.T., Lewis, M. & Clarkson, D.T. (1997) Microbiology 143, 3165–3174]. This alteration increases plasma membrane H+-ATPase hydrolytic activity.

6p research12 01-06-2013 38 4   Download

Csk-binding protein⁄phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched domains is a transmembrane adaptor protein primarily involved in negative regulation of T-cell activation by recruitment of C-terminal Src kinase (Csk), a protein tyrosine kinase which represses Src kinase activity through C-terminal phosphorylation. Recruitment of Csk occurs via SH2-domain binding to PAG pTyr317, thus, the interaction is highly dependent on phosphorylation performed by the Src family kinase Fyn, which docks onto PAG using a dual-domain binding mode involving both SH3- and SH2-domains of Fyn....

12p research12 29-04-2013 40 3   Download

It has previouslybeen shown that IFN-ais apotent inhibitor of IL-2 induced proliferation in primary T-lymphocytes, by selectively abrogating the downstream e€ects of IL-2 on the core cell cycle machinery regulating the G1/S transition. Theoretically this could be mediated through cross-talk between the signalling cascades activated by these cytokines, as several signalling components are known to be shared.

9p research12 29-04-2013 43 4   Download

Monoclonal nonspecific suppressor factor (MNSF) is a cytokine with antigen nonspecific suppressive activity. MNSFb(a subunit of MNSF) is a 14.5kDa fusion protein consisting of a proteinwith 36%identitywith ubiquitin and ribosomal protein S30. The ubiquitin-like segment (Ubi-L) may be cleaved from MNSFbin the cytosol. Recently, we have observed that Ubi-L covalently binds to intracellular proteins in mitogen-activated murine T-helper type 2 clone, D.10 cells.

7p tumor12 20-04-2013 32 3   Download

The major cellulase secreted by the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reeseiis cellobiohydrolase Cel7A. Its three-dimensional structure has been solved and various mutant enzymes produced. In order to study the potential use of T. reeseiCel7A in the alkaline pHrange, the thermal sta-bilityofCel7Awas studiedas a functionof pHwith thewild-type and two mutant enzymes using different spectroscopic methods. Tryptophan fluorescence and CD measurements of the wild-type enzyme show an optimal thermostability between pH3.5–5.

8p tumor12 20-04-2013 39 4   Download

We report experiments to investigate the role of the physio-logically relevant protein tyrosine kinase Lck in the ordered phosphorylation of the T-cell receptorfchain. Six synthetic peptides were designed based on the sequences of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) of thefchain. Preliminary 1 H-NMRstudies of recombinant f chain suggested that it is essentially unstructured and therefore that peptide mimics would serve as useful models for investigating individual ITAM tyrosines....

8p fptmusic 16-04-2013 26 1   Download

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) plays an essential role in the activation and proliferation of lymphocytes, which is shown by the immunosuppressive effects of syn-thetic DP IV inhibitors. Similarly, both human immuno-deficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) Tat protein and the N-terminal peptide Tat(1–9) inhibit DP IV activity and T cell prolifer-ation. Therefore, the N-terminal amino acid sequence of HIV-1 Tat is important for the inhibition of DP IV.

10p fptmusic 16-04-2013 32 4   Download

Dynamic protein–protein interactions are involved in most physiological processes and, in particular, for the formation of multiprotein signaling complexes at transmembrane receptors, adapter proteins and effector mole-cules. Because the unregulated induction of signaling complexes has sub-stantial clinical relevance, the investigation of these complexes is an active area of research.

10p fptmusic 12-04-2013 40 3   Download

We isolated a cholesterol-enriched membrane subpopulation from the so-called lipid raft fractions of Jurkat T-cells by taking advantage of its selective binding to a cholesterol-binding probe, BCh. The BCh-bound mem-brane subpopulation has a much higher cholesterol⁄phospholipid (C⁄P) molar ratio (
1.0) than the BCh-unbound population in raft fractions (
0.3). It contains not only the raft markers GM1 and flotillin, but also some T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling molecules, including Lck, Fyn and LAT. ...

10p fptmusic 12-04-2013 45 3   Download

The multisubstrate nucleoside kinase of Drosophila melanogaster(Dm-dNK) can be expressed in human solid tumor cells and its unique enzymatic properties makes this enzyme a suicide gene candidate. In the present study,Dm-dNK was stably expressed in the CCRF-CEM and H9 T-lymphoblastoid cell lines. The expressed enzyme was localized to the cell nucleus and the enzyme retained its activity.

11p fptmusic 11-04-2013 41 2   Download

A new component of theb-1,6-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.75) multienzymatic complex secreted by Trichoderma harzianumhas been identified and fully characterized. The protein, namely BGN16.3, is the third isozyme display-ing endo-b-1,6-glucanase activity described up to now in T. harzianum CECT 2413. BGN16.3 is an acidicb-1,6-glucanase that is specifically induced by the presence of fungal cell walls in T. harzianumgrowth media.

8p fptmusic 11-04-2013 29 2   Download

Numerous adhesion molecules have been described, and the molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte trafficking across the endothelium is starting to be elucidated. Identification of the molecules involved in the organoselec-tivity of this process would help in the targeting of drug therapy to specific tissues. Adhesion-regulating molecule-1 (ARM-1) is an adhesion-regulating molecule previously identified on T cells. It does not belong to any known families of adhesion molecules.

12p awards 06-04-2013 34 4   Download

Endo-b-mannosidase is an endoglycosidase that hydrolyzes only the Manb1-4GlcNAc linkage of the core region of N-linked sugar chains. Recently, endo-b-mannosidase was purified to homogeneity from Lilium longiflorum (Lily) flowers, its corresponding gene was cloned and import-ant catalytic amino acid residues were identified [Ishimizu T., Sasaki A., Okutani S., Maeda M., Yamagishi M. & Hase S. (2004)J. Biol. Chem. 279, 38555–38562].

0p awards 06-04-2013 31 3   Download

Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is a holoenzyme that consists of a regulatory (R) subunit dimer and two catalytic (C) subunits that are released upon stimulation by cAMP. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipita-tion of T-cell protein extracts, immunofluorescence of permeabilized T cells and RT⁄PCR of T-cell RNA using C subunit-specific primers revealed expression of two catalytically active PKA C subunits Ca1 (40 kDa) and Cb2 (47 kDa) in these cells.

0p awards 06-04-2013 37 3   Download

Although ubiquitously expressed, the transcriptional factor CP2 also exhib-its some tissue- or stage-specific activation toward certain genes such as globin in red blood cells and interleukin-4 in T helper cells. Because this specificity may be achieved by interaction with other proteins, we screened a peptide display library and identified four consensus motifs in numerous CP2-binding peptides: HXPR, PHL, ASR and PXHXH. Protein-database searching revealed that RE-1 silencing factor (REST), Yin-Yang1 (YY1) and five other proteins have one or two of these CP2-binding motifs....

13p awards 06-04-2013 38 2   Download

The aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent pathway involved in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced immunotoxicity has been studied extensively, but the AhR-independent molecular mechan-ism has not. In previous studies we found that the AhR is not expressed in L-MAT, a human lymphoblastic T-cell line. In this report, we provide the following evidence that the protein kinase C (PKC)hactivity is func-tionally involved in the AhR-independent signal transduction mechanism that participates in the TCDD-induced L-MAT cell apoptosis....

13p awards 05-04-2013 29 2   Download