Backwash effects

Chapter 10 presents criteria and test types. This chapter include contents as: Validity, reliability, discrimination, administration, test instructions to candidates, backwash effects,...

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Validity  the extent to which it measures what it is supposed to measure & nothing else (content) Face validity Content validity Construct validity Empirical validity If a test item looks right to other testers, teachers, moderators & testees  described as having face validity In the past, regarded by test writers simply as a public relations exercise Now, designers of communicative tests: face validity- the most important of all types of validity

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