Cell adhesion proteins

The siglecs (sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins) are a distinct subset of the Ig superfamily with adhesion-molecule-like structure. We describe here a novel member of the siglec protein family that shares a similar structure including five Ig-like domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail containing two ITIM-signaling motifs. Siglec10 was identified through database mining of an asthmatic eosinophil EST library. Using the Stanford G3 radiation hybrid panel we were able to localize the genomic sequence of siglec-10 within the cluster of genes on chromosome 19q13.

14p system191 01-06-2013 43 6   Download

Thea3b1 integrin is an adhesion receptor for extracellular matrix proteins including isoforms of laminin, and the changes of its expression level in various cancer cells are thought to cause their malignant phenotypes. We have cloned an approximately 4 kb DNA fragment of the 5¢-flanking region of the murinea3 integrin gene and analyzed its promoter activity.

9p research12 23-04-2013 36 3   Download

Opacity-associated (Opa) proteins are outer membrane proteins which play a critical role in the adhesion of patho-genicNeisseriaspp. to epithelial and endothelial cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The adherence is mainly mediated by the CD66-epitope-containing members of the carcinoembryonic-antigen family of human cell-adhesion molecules (CEACAM). For the analysis of the specific in-teractions of individual Opa proteins with their receptors, pure protein is needed in its native conformation. ...

9p tumor12 22-04-2013 34 2   Download

The effect of insulin on cancer metastatic potential was studied in a human hepatocarcinoma cell line, H7721. Cell adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and lamininaswell as chemotactic cellmigration and invasion were selected as the indices of metastasis-related phenotypes for assessment of metastatic potential ex vivo. The results indicated that insulin enhanced all of these metastasis-related phenotypes.

11p tumor12 20-04-2013 41 4   Download

aIIbb3, a member of the integrin family of adhesive protein receptors, is the most abundant glycoprotein on platelet plasma-membranes and binds to adhesive proteins via the recognition of short amino acid sequences, for example the ubiquitous RGD motif.However, elucidation of the ligand-binding domains of the receptor remains controversial, mainly owing to the fact that integrins are conformationally labile during purification and storage.

8p tumor12 20-04-2013 48 2   Download

Cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61/CCN1) is an angiogenic factor and a member of a family of growth factor-inducible immediate-early genes with functions in cell adhesion, pro-liferation and differentiation.We investigated the regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways involved inCyr61/ CCN1gene activation in smoothmuscle cells.Treatment of these cells with sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lysolipid, increased rapidly but transiently the expression of theCyr61/CCN1gene at both themRNAandprotein levels....

14p tumor12 20-04-2013 36 2   Download

Several microbial pathogens have been reported to interact with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on cell surfaces and in the extracellularmatrix. Herewe demonstrate thatM protein, a major surface-expressed virulence factor of the human bac-terial pathogen, Streptococcus pyogenes, mediates binding to various forms of GAGs. Hence, S. pyogenesstrains expressing a large number of different types of M proteins bound to dermatan sulfate (DS), highly sulfated fractions of heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin, whereas strains deficient in M protein surface expression failed to interact with these GAGs. ...

9p fptmusic 16-04-2013 44 6   Download

Numerous adhesion molecules have been described, and the molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte trafficking across the endothelium is starting to be elucidated. Identification of the molecules involved in the organoselec-tivity of this process would help in the targeting of drug therapy to specific tissues. Adhesion-regulating molecule-1 (ARM-1) is an adhesion-regulating molecule previously identified on T cells. It does not belong to any known families of adhesion molecules.

12p awards 06-04-2013 35 4   Download

Nephrin is a signalling cell–cell adhesion protein of the Ig superfamily and the first identified component of the slit diaphragm that forms the critical and ultimate part of the glomerular ultrafiltration barrier. The extracellular domains of the nephrin molecules form a network of homophilic and heterophilic interactions building the structural scaffold of the slit dia-phragm between the podocyte foot processes.

16p awards 05-04-2013 43 4   Download

We reported previously that the major cysteine protease in embryos and larvaeof thebrine shrimp,Artemia franciscana, is a heterodimeric protein consisting of a catalytic subunit (28.5 kDa) with a high degree of homology with cathep-sin L, and a noncatalytic subunit (31.5 kDa) of unknown function. In the study reportedhere thenoncatalytic subunit, or cathepsin L-associated protein (CLAP), was separated from cathepsin L by chromatography on Mono S and found tocontainmultiple isoformswithpIs ranging from5.9 to 6.1.

12p awards 05-04-2013 54 4   Download

The interaction between cell-adhesion molecules CD2 and CD58 is critical for an immune response. Modulation or inhibition of these interactions has been shown to be thera-peuticallyuseful. Synthetic 12-mer linear and cyclic peptides, and cyclic hexapeptides based on rat CD2 protein, were designed tomodulateCD2–CD58 interaction. The synthetic peptides effectively blocked the interaction between CD2– CD58 proteins as demonstrated by antibody binding, E-rosetting and heterotypic adhesion assays. ...

14p dell39 03-04-2013 50 3   Download

A novel hypoxically regulated intercellular junction protein (claudin-like protein of 24 kDa, CLP24) hasbeen identified that shows homology to the myelin protein 22/epithelial membrane protein 1/claudin family of cell junction proteins, which are involved in the modulation of paracellular per-meability. The CLP24 protein containsfour predicted transmembrane domains and a C-terminal protein–protein interaction domain.

9p dell39 03-04-2013 43 4   Download

Lysophosphatidicacid (LPA), oneof thenaturallyoccurring phospholipids, stimulates cellmotility through theactivation of Rho family members, but the signaling mechanisms remain tobe elucidated. In thepresent study,we investigated the roles of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) onLPA-induced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation and cell motility.

9p dell39 03-04-2013 35 3   Download

The metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma pro-tein-A (PAPP-A) cleaves a subset of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP), which inhibit the activities of insulin-like growth factor (IGF). Through this proteolytic activity, PAPP-A is believed to regulate IGF bioavailability in several biological systems, including the human repro-ductive system and the cardiovascular system. PAPP-A adheres to mammalian cells by interactions with glycos-aminoglycan (GAG), thus targeting the proteolytic activity of PAPP-A to the cell surface. ...

11p dell39 03-04-2013 53 5   Download

The dipeptidyl peptidase IV gene family contains the four peptidases dipept-idyl peptidase IV, fibroblast activation protein, dipeptidyl peptidase 8 and dipeptidyl peptidase 9. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV and fibroblast activation protein are involved in cell–extracellular matrix interactions and tissue re-modeling.

14p inspiron33 26-03-2013 41 5   Download

Mutations in the human Crumbs homologue 1 (CRB1) gene are a frequent cause of various forms of retinitis pigmentosa. The CRB1–membrane-asso-ciated palmitoylated protein (MPP)5 protein complex is thought to organ-ize an intracellular protein scaffold in the retina that is involved in maintenance of photoreceptor–Mu¨ller glia cell adhesion.

14p inspiron33 26-03-2013 42 3   Download

Urinary glycoproteins are important inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystal-lization and adhesion of crystals to renal cells, both of which are key mech-anisms in kidney stone formation. This has been attributed to glycosylation of the proteins. In South Africa, the black population rarely form stones (incidence

14p inspiron33 25-03-2013 30 3   Download

Integrins are the major receptor type known to facilitate cell adhesion and lamellipodia formation on extracellular matrix proteins. However, collagen-related peptide and thrombin have recently been shown to mediate platelet lamellipodia formation when presented as immobilized surfaces.

12p inspiron33 23-03-2013 56 2   Download

Dendritic cells can enhance the replication of HIV-1 in CD4 + lymphocytes through the interaction of the gp120 envelope protein with such molecules as dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing noninte-grin. The variable loops of gp120 have previously been shown to modulate the interaction of HIV-1 with its principal receptor CD4 and its various coreceptors, namely CCR5 and CXCR4.

15p inspiron33 23-03-2013 40 3   Download

Expression of a previously cloned secretory protein named adrenocortical zonation factor 1 (AZ-1, also called Tin-ag-RP or lipocalin 7) is tightly linked with the zonal differentiation of adrenocortical cells. It is also pre-sent in vascular smooth muscle (VSM), although its function has remained unknown.

17p galaxyss3 21-03-2013 51 3   Download