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Crystallization pathway
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The synthesis of vinyl-based oligocelluloses using cellodextrin phosphorylase as biocatalyst in buffer solution is presented. Crystal lattice of the prepared vinyl-based oligocelluloses was investigated via wide-angle X-ray diffraction experiments.
9p
vihermione
06-01-2023
6
2
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A new double molybdate Na2Co2(MoO4)3 was synthesized via solid-state reaction and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). This compound is a new member of the lyonsite structure type. It crystallized in the orthorhombic system, space group Pnma with cell parameters a = 5.272(2) Å, b = 10.816(3) Å, and c = 18.064(3) Å. The structure can be described as a three-dimensional framework with hexagonal tunnels in which the Na+ cations lie. The obtained structural model is supported by charge distribution analysis and bond valence sum validation tools.
14p
tudichquannguyet
29-11-2021
12
0
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The FeB nanoparticle (NP) consisting of 5000 particles (4500 Fe atoms and 500 B atoms) has been investigated by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. When the amorphous FeB nanoparticle is annealed at temperature of 900 K for a long time, it is crystallized into bcc crystalline structure. The simulation shows that the sample undergoes crystallization via the nucleation mechanism.
8p
vitheseus2711
24-10-2019
29
0
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The clinically used beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid is produced by fermentation of Streptomyces clavuligerus. The orf6 gene of the clavulanic acid biosynthetic gene cluster in S. clavuligerus encodes a protein that shows sequence homology to ornithine acetyltransferase (OAT), the fifth enzyme of the arginine biosynthetic pathway. Orf6 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli (at 15% of total soluble protein by SDS/PAGE analysis) indicating it was not toxic to the host cells. The recombinant protein was purified (to 95% purity) by a one-step technique.
8p
research12
01-06-2013
31
4
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Recent studies have shown that the Porifera, with the examples of the demosponges Suberites domunculaand Geodia cydonium, comprise a series of pathways found also in the immune systemofDeuterostomia, suchas vertebrates, but are absent in Protostomia, with insects or nematodes as examples. One pathway is the (2¢)5¢)oligoadenylate syn-thetase [(2±5)A synthetase] system.
11p
research12
29-04-2013
38
2
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Stimulation with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) induces myeloid precursor cells to dierentiate into neutrophils, and tyrosine phosphorylation of certain cellular proteins is crucial to this process. However, the signaling pathways for neutrophil dierentiation are still obscure. As the Src-like tyrosine kinase, Lyn, has been reported to play a role in G-CSF-induced proliferation in avian lymphoid cells, we examined its involvement in G-CSF-induced signal transduction in mammalian cells....
9p
research12
29-04-2013
31
2
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The promoter of the early growth response gene (Egr-1) has been described to be activated by ionizing radiation, and it seems to be clear that this process involves dierent mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases, dependent on the speci®c cell type examined. However, early steps leading to activation of the corresponding pathways and thus to overexpression of Egr-1 are not well understood.
10p
research12
29-04-2013
43
1
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Once platelets are activated, the first event tooccur is a rapid change in shape, associated with Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and withRhokinase activation. The purpose of this studywas to investigate which is the biochemical pathway that leads to platelet shape change in response to convulxin, a selective GpVI activator, and to verify whether MLC phosphoryla-tion is essential for this process.
7p
tumor12
22-04-2013
32
1
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Homology modeling in combination with transmembrane topology predictions are used to build the atomic model of Neurospora crassaplasmamembrane H + -ATPase, using as template the 2.6 A ˚ crystal structure of rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase [Toyoshima, C., Nakasako, M., Nomura, H. & Ogawa, H. (2000)Nature405, 647–655].
13p
tumor12
22-04-2013
33
2
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Acomputational approach is used to analyse temporal gene expression in the context of metabolic regulation. It is based on the assumption that cells developed optimal adaptation strategies to changing environmental conditions. Time-dependent enzyme profiles are calculatedwhichoptimize the function of a metabolic pathway under the constraint of limited total enzymeamount.For linearmodel pathways it is shown thatwave-like enzyme profiles are optimal for a rapid substrate turnover.
8p
tumor12
22-04-2013
47
2
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Metabolite channelling, the process in which consecutive enzymes have confined substrate transfer in metabolic pathways, has been proposed as a biochemical mechanism that has evolved because it enhances catalytic rates and protects unstable intermediates. Results from experiments on the synthesis of radioactive urea [Cheung, C., Cohen, N.S. & Raijman, L (1989)J. Biol. Chem.264, 4038–4044] have been interpreted as implying channelling of arginine between argininosuccinate lyase and arginase in permeabi-lized hepatocytes. ...
9p
tumor12
20-04-2013
34
1
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The effect of insulin on cancer metastatic potential was studied in a human hepatocarcinoma cell line, H7721. Cell adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and lamininaswell as chemotactic cellmigration and invasion were selected as the indices of metastasis-related phenotypes for assessment of metastatic potential ex vivo. The results indicated that insulin enhanced all of these metastasis-related phenotypes.
11p
tumor12
20-04-2013
37
2
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The ethanol utilization pathway inAspergillus nidulansis a model system, which has been thoroughly elucidated at the biochemical, genetic and molecular levels. Three main ele-ments are involved: (a) high level expression of the positively autoregulated activator AlcR; (b) the strong promoters of the structural genes for alcohol dehydrogenase (alcA)and aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldA); and (c) powerful activa-tion of AlcRby the physiological inducer, acetaldehyde, produced from growth substrates such as ethanol and L-threonine. ...
10p
tumor12
20-04-2013
18
1
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Cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61/CCN1) is an angiogenic factor and a member of a family of growth factor-inducible immediate-early genes with functions in cell adhesion, pro-liferation and differentiation.We investigated the regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways involved inCyr61/ CCN1gene activation in smoothmuscle cells.Treatment of these cells with sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lysolipid, increased rapidly but transiently the expression of theCyr61/CCN1gene at both themRNAandprotein levels....
14p
tumor12
20-04-2013
33
1
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Interleukin-1 (IL-1) induces multiple genes via activation of transcription factors that include NF-jB and activator protein-1 (AP-1).We found that IL-1-mediated c-Src acti-vation was required for AP-1 activation, but not for NF-jB activation and also revealed that c-Src-induced AP-1 acti-vation was enhanced synergistically by the coexpression of TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6).In addition, c-Src interacts with TRAF6 in response to IL-1 and this interaction is required for c-Src activity....
12p
tumor12
20-04-2013
51
1
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Leucine zipper-bearing kinase (LZK) is a novel member of themixed lineage kinase (MLK) family [Sakuma, H., Ikeda, A.,Oka,S.,Kozutsumi,Y.,Zanetta,J.P., andKawasaki, T. (1997)J. Biol.Chem.272, 28622–28629].Wehavepreviously shown that LZK activates the c-Jun-NH2terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, but not the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway, by acting as a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) [Ikeda, A., Hasegawa, K., Masaki, M., Moriguchi, T., Nishida, E., Kozutsumi, Y., Oka, S., and Kawasaki, T. (2001)J. Bio-chem.130, 773–781]....
8p
tumor12
20-04-2013
23
2
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Multiple signalling pathways are involved in themechanism by which insulin stimulates hepatic glycogen synthesis. In this study we used selective inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and an allosteric inhibitor of phosphory-lase (CP-91149) that causes dephosphorylation of phos-phorylasea, to determine the relative contributions of inactivation of GSK-3 and dephosphorylation of phos-phorylaseaas alternative pathways in the stimulation of glycogen synthesis by insulin in hepatocytes.
9p
fptmusic
16-04-2013
39
2
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Farnesol is a catabolite of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway that prefer-entially causes apoptosis in tumorigenic cells. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidic acid (PA), and diacylglycerol (DAG) were able to prevent induction of apoptosis by farnesol. Primary alcohol inhibition of PC cata-bolism by phospholipase D augmented farnesol-induced apoptosis. Exogen-ous PC was unable to prevent the increase in farnesol-induced apoptosis by primary alcohols, whereas DAG was protective.
8p
fptmusic
12-04-2013
33
1
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Several protein toxins, such as the potent plant toxin ricin, enter mamma-lian cells by endocytosis and undergo retrograde transport via the Golgi complex to reach the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this compartment the catalytic moieties exploit the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway to reach their cytosolic targets. Bacterial toxins such as cholera toxin or Pseudomonasexotoxin A carry KDEL or KDEL-like C-terminal tetrapep-tides for efficient delivery to the ER.
13p
fptmusic
12-04-2013
42
2
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Diacylglycerol (DAG) andproteinkinase C(PKC) isoforms have been implicated in insulin signalling in muscle and fat cells.We evaluated the involvement ofDAGandPKCin the action of insulin in adult rat hepatocytes culturedwith dexa-methasone, but in the absence of serum, for 48 h. Our results show that although insulin stimulated glycolysis and glycogen synthesis, it had no effect on DAG mass or molecular species composition.
12p
fptmusic
12-04-2013
39
2
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