European war

The book looks at federal ideas stretching back to the sixteenth century and demonstrates their fundamental continuity to contemporary European integration. It situates these ideas in the broad context of post-war western Europe and underlines their practical relevance in the activities of Jean Monnet and Altiero Spinelli. Post-war empirical developments are explored from a federalist perspective, revealing an enduring persistence of federal ideas which have been either ignored or overlooked in conventional interpretations.

305p vimeyers 29-05-2024 4 2   Download

The primary purpose of this article is to analyze how the origin of the Cold War is represented in Turkish history textbooks for general secondary school education for the twelfth grade. The author examined three history textbooks, which are only approved by the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) for teaching the course of Contemporary Turkish and World History.

11p viarnault 25-04-2024 2 2   Download

Ebook "The last battle of the Cold War: An inside account of negotiating the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty" focuses on debates among American negotiators and between them and the Europeans and Soviets. This is an important look at policy making and negotiations all the more relevant in an age of proliferation.

272p tuongnhuoclan 27-11-2023 4 3   Download

The objective of this work is to identify and examine the risk premium of the exchange rate; then, to determine the factors that cause it, and to measure its variance by using a GARCH-M model. Some theoretical models are developed by taking the exchange rate risk premium as dependent variable and other macrovariables, political events, and market conditions as independent ones. There are three different exchange rates ($/€, $/£, and ¥/$) used, here, for the measurement of the risk premium and the empirical test of the model.

23p trinhthamhodang2 21-01-2020 59 2   Download

The document History of the world from the 20th to the 21st century present the content: social change and national rivalry in Europe, beyond Europe the shifting balance of global power, the great war, revolution and the search for stability, post-war Europe, the united states and the beginning of the cold war, the transformation of Asia, the ending of European dominance in the Middle east, the cold war superpower confrontation, Latin America after 1945 problems unresolved, Africa after 1945 conflict and the threat of famine, the united states and the Soviet bloc after 1963 the great transf...

1008p cao_duy_son 15-08-2019 53 1   Download

Library of Hitler: Part 2 present the content: books that Hitler did not read, French authors, Franco-German Relations, An Eastern and Central European Intermezzo, An Eastern and Central European intermezzo, war nostalgia and the conservative revolution, Nazi Mythology, bluestockings and Go-Getters, Nazi Mythology, race breeding, occultism and gnosticism; Hitler’s works; Hitler’s first book; Mein Kampf: My Struggle, Sein Kampf: His Struggle: Hitlerian Gnosis; on the Führer’s Taste: artistic albums and catalogues; farewell to the world of Hitler and his library;

102p lequangvinh1608 05-08-2019 13 1   Download

In the High Middle Ages, Europe saw explosive urban growth, a revival of trade, and an emboldened Catholic Church. Yet catastrophic setbacks followed in the form of plague, economic collapse, and war. Christianity remained a focus of European life, but centuries of confrontation with the monarchies left the Church weakened.

145p tangtuy05 01-04-2016 49 9   Download

Struggles between Catholicism and Protestantism were at the root of a century of war and upheaval in Europe. Nations responded to the instability by giving absolute power to their monarchs. Art, literature, and political thought reflected the anxiety and uncertainty of the era.

125p tangtuy05 01-04-2016 52 6   Download

Immediately on receiving official notification of the rupture of diplomatic relations between Austria and Servia, the Turkish Grand Vizier hastened to inform the Diplomatic Corps in Constantinople that Turkey would remain neutral in the conflict.

219p nhokheo9 03-05-2013 40 3   Download

The most important accomplishment of the European Union is that it made war among its members impossible. Their in- terconnected economies have led to unprecedented prosperity for the EU’s 45 million citizens and have created the most profitable consumer market in the world. Other regional or- ganisations are studying the model of the EU, and may choose some elements – even if they are unlikely to adopt the same model, because no nation seeking to increase its economic power would be willing to see its national sovereignty dimin- ished.

21p thamgiacongdong 02-05-2013 42 4   Download

This morning I awoke, and behold the Norman was lying alongside a wharf at Capetown. I had expected it, and yet it was a shock. In this breathless age ten days out of sight of land is enough to make you a merman: I looked with pleased curiosity at the grass and the horses. After the surprise of being ashore again, the first thing to notice was the air. It was as clear--but there is nothing else in existence clear enough with which to compare it. You felt that all your life hitherto you had been breathing mud and looking out on the world through...

50p congacon88 26-04-2013 42 3   Download

The reader must remember that these articles were written before the war began. They are in a sense prophetic and show a remarkable understanding of the conditions which brought about the present great war in Europe. The writer has made European history a life study and his training in the English consular service placed him in a position to secure the facts upon which he bases his arguments. Sir Roger Casement was born in Ireland in September, 1864.

62p nhokheo5 25-04-2013 47 2   Download

In the short-run, however, substantial differences existed. During the First World War entertainment expenditure moved in opposite directions in France and Britain and remained stable in the US. During the great depression US real entertainment expenditure shrunk substantially, while European levels remained stable. The French expenditure level was substantially lower than in the other two countries, about a fifth in 1938 using exchange rates, although the difference is difficult to quantify because of devaluation of the franc and purchasing power parity issues.

0p hongphuocidol 03-04-2013 48 7   Download

During the interval in which time series overlap, the British and French negative length was growing at roughly the same rates as the US one, until 1914. That war year constitutes a great discontinuity, and from then on European growth rates are different and far lower than US ones. At the same time, the average film length increased considerably, from eighty feet in 1897 to seven hundred feet in 1910 to three thousand feet in 1920. As a result, the total released length, which is the best indicator of production, increases more rapidly than the number released, in...

52p hongphuocidol 03-04-2013 64 8   Download

when his two older brothers, fred and leopold, enlisted in the army during the boer war (1899-1902), the thrill-packed letters home were too much to resist, and one night fourteen-year-old victor ran away from home and joined the life guards. he never fought, however, as his father promptly secured his release from military service. while in the guards, victor first learned to use his fists to protect himself, developing an interest in boxing, and becoming the regimental champion.

10p hongphuocidol 03-04-2013 49 6   Download

In the aftermath of World War II, the United States enjoyed an easy preeminence in the world economy. Neither the US education system, nor the US tax system, nor American savings habits were criticized on grounds of international competitiveness. During the 1980s, however, Americans took notice of their faults as Japan and the European Union both seemed destined to challenge US preeminence. For different reasons neither Japan nor the European Union prospered during the 1990s but the US economy thrived on a technology boom.

339p layon_5 28-03-2013 62 10   Download

cores of constitutions drawn up since the end of World War II have proclaimed religious freedom as one of the most fundamental rights known to humanity. Simi- larly, international covenants of human rights have exalted the right to religious liberty as a privilege that is so foundational and precious that it should be guaranteed by in- ternational law.

273p lyly_5 25-03-2013 60 9   Download

This book examines the relationship between imperialism and international law. It argues that colonial confrontation was central to theformation of international law and, in particular, its founding concept, sovereignty. Traditional histories of the discipline present colonialism and non-European peoples as peripheral concerns. By contrast, Anghie argues that international law has always been animated by the ‘civilizing mission’ -- the project of governing non-European peoples.

381p lyly_5 25-03-2013 52 5   Download

Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights states: 'No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment' and is one of its most important provisions. This is borne out by the fact that-along with Articles 2, 4(1) and 4(7)-it is a rule from which no derogation is allowed, not even in times of war or other public emergencies threatening the existence of a Contracting State (see Article 15(2)). By the same token, it is also one of the most difficult norms of the Convention to...

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Counterfeiting also has a history of being employed as a political tool, particularly during times of war when it has been used to devalue an enemy’s currency by flooding a country with fake coinage or notes. For example, the British government sought to undermine the Continental Congress during the War of American Independence by counterfeiting the dollar during 1777 and 1778.

9p nhacchovina 22-03-2013 33 5   Download