General pricing approaches

Principles of marketing: Lecture 45 provide students with knowledge about: individual product decisions; new product development; product life-cycle (PLC); factors affecting price decisions; setting pricing policy; general pricing approaches;... Please refer to this lesson for details!

69p hanlamcoman 26-11-2022 16 9   Download

Principles of marketing: Lecture 25 provide students with knowledge about: setting pricing policy; selecting the pricing objective; determining demand; estimating costs; analyzing competitors’ costs, prices, and offers; selecting a pricing method; selecting final price;... Please refer to this lesson for details!

37p hanlamcoman 26-11-2022 21 6   Download

Lecture Principles of Marketing: Lesson 45. After completing this section, you will understand the knowledge about new product development, product life-cycle, factors affecting price decision, setting pricing policy, general pricing approaches,...

69p bachtudu 30-09-2021 20 4   Download

The purpose of this paper was to empirically assess the impact of oil prices on ASEAN+3 inflation and economic growth. The framework that can be applied to linear dynamic panel data to achieve this goal is the First Difference-Generalized Moment Method (FD-GMM) estimator method. This study used panel data representing ASEAN+3 countries and annual data over the period 2011-2020. The findings of the study indicated that, over the period, increasing oil prices were associated with higher inflation, and higher economic growth in ASEAN+3.

9p mynguyenha 21-07-2021 19 1   Download

The intention of this paper is to propose PD calibration framework for low default portfolios (LDP) that allows producing smooth non-zero PD estimates for any given time horizon within the length of economic cycle. The approach produces PDs that are consistent with two main anchors – PIT and TTC PD estimates and are subject to smooth, monotonic transition between those two anchors. In practise, proposed framework could be applied to risk-based pricing of LDP portfolio deals.

10p trinhthamhodang2 21-01-2020 28 0   Download

One of the most important reasons for loss of biodiversity, is that conservation and sustainable use of natural resources is generally not a viable financial option, and this is because of a combination of market and policy failures. Put simply, natural resources are under- valued because no account is taken of the time it takes to produce the next harvest, nor any costs involved in managing lands for future harvests, nor the environmental and social costs associated with loss of products.

60p ranchoctdt7 16-07-2013 84 4   Download

Household finances and attitudes also bear heavily on the housing market, which has generally remained depressed. In particular, home sales dropped sharply following the recent expiration of the homebuyers’ tax credit. Going forward, improved affordability--the result of lower house prices and record-low mortgage rates--should boost the demand for housing. However, the overhang of foreclosed-upon and vacant housing and the difficulties of many households in obtaining mortgage financing are likely to continue to weigh on the pace of residential investment for some time yet. ...

56p trinhcaidat 22-04-2013 36 2   Download

This report focuses on a set of tools to address youth exposure that has been largely ignored: State laws that restrict youth expo- sure to alcohol advertising in both measured and unmeasured media venues. States have systems already in place for administer- ing alcohol advertising regulations, usually (but not always) housed in an Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) state agency. Alcohol producers, distributors, and retailers must obtain state licenses to do business in a state.

28p nhacchovina 22-03-2013 47 4   Download

Associated General Contractors of America (AGC), the leading national construction trade association representing both the public and private sectors, for each dollar spent on new construction, a total of $11 in economic activity is generated across all industries and other services. Since December 2003, the cumulative increase in the prices of inputs used in construction (45%) has been more than double the increase in the consumer price index (19%), as shown in Figure 1.1.

0p tainhacmienphi 25-02-2013 56 3   Download

A successful MVA effort will enable sequestration project developers to ensure human health and safety and prevent damage to the host ecosystem. The goal is to provide sufficient information and safeguards to allow developers to obtain permits for sequestration projects. MVA also seeks to support the development of an accounting to validate the retention of CO2 in deep geologic formation that approaches 100 percent, contributing to the economic viability of sequestration projects..

31p bin_pham 06-02-2013 51 3   Download

The purpose of this paper is to present in a uni¯ed context the reduced form modelling approach, in which a credit event is modelled as a totally inaccessible stopping time. Once the general framework is introduced (frequently referred to as \pure intensity" set-up), we focus on the special case where the full information at the disposal of the traders may be split in two sub-¯ltrations, one of them carrying the full information of the occurrence of the credit event (in general referred to as \hazard process" approach).

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Research or therapeutic cloning as it is often referred to seeks to develop therapeutic remedies for degenerative diseases. This research requires the use of stem cells. Both embryonic and adult stem cells are being utilised in this research. Results from the use of adult stem cells have to date proved generally less favourable than those with embryonic stem cells. There is a general consensus that embryonic stem (ES) cells offer signifi cantly more scientifi c chances of success than limiting research to adult cells.

196p thankinhphanliet 21-12-2012 58 3   Download

These damaging effects of poverty on child health can be reduced by well designed policies. Various options have been reviewed by some of us. 22 Table 1 summarises approaches used in different countries to improve health inputs and services in poor populations, with emphasis on those related to child health. Several different—and generally complementary—approaches are possible. Improvement of knowledge and changing of behaviour among poor mothers has been achieved in many settings, in areas as diverse as handwashing for diarrhoea prevention and nutrition counselling.

7p connhobinh 10-12-2012 55 0   Download

Fourth, the model provides a rational to the empirical …nding that volatility factors are priced in the cross section of stock returns. In the current model, stock return volatility factors are driven by systematic risk factors: sentiment and solvency risks. These factors, which drive volatility factors, are shown to be priced across di¤erent stocks in an equilibrium consumption CAPM.

60p connhobinh 07-12-2012 65 1   Download

On the one hand, some have interpreted this approach as a relaxation of governance standards on lower tiers or on the market more generally. 21 For instance, Alternext-listed companies are not subject to any of the corporate governance codes applicable in the four jurisdictions covered by the Euronext main market. On the other hand, insofar as these new segments mostly do not compete head-to-head with old exchanges for the same listings the approach can equally be seen as an adaptation of governance requirements to suit the size and type of prospective issuers.

0p bocapchetnguoi 05-12-2012 57 1   Download

Some works have more recently focused on major European, Asian and Latin American emerging markets. In general, these studies show significant short- and long-term relationships between oil price changes and emerging stock market returns. Using a VAR model, Papapetrou (2001) shows a significant relationship between oil price changes and stock markets in Greece. Basher and Sadorsky (2006) use an international multifactor model and reach the same conclusion for other emerging stock markets. ...

23p quaivattim 04-12-2012 57 2   Download

The approach taken in these studies is largely a-theoretic. More specifically, they implicitly model the demand for assets as being a function of only current demographics. Unless investors are completely myopic, however, the expected rate of return on investments will be a further determinant of how much people want to invest. Thus there will a feedback from the future path of stock prices back to the pattern of investment. And future stock prices will in turn be influenced by future demographics.

25p quaivattim 04-12-2012 63 1   Download

This paper provides a review of the methods for measuring portfo- lio performance and the evidence on the performance of profession- ally managed investment portfolios. Traditional performance measures, strongly influenced by the Capital Asset Pricing Model of Sharpe (1964), were developed prior to 1990. We discuss some of the prop- erties and important problems associated with these measures.

30p quaivatdo 19-11-2012 62 6   Download