Level household’s food security

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is world’s most widely cultivated food grain crop. At initial decades of 21st century, one probability of a great famine appeared in the world due to long drought in tropics and subtropics and at the same time it appeared more dangerously because of the climate change threat. System of Wheat Intensification (SWI) which is somewhat based on the fundamental principles of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a new wheat cultivation technique which might act as a significantly new weapon as a part of climate-smart farming.

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The level of household food security was 96.43%. The conclusion of the study was that the higher age of housewives, education of housewives, and income of household members will increase the level of household food security. The more number of household members will reduce household food security. Households living in urban areas were more resistant to food than households living in rural areas. Poor households were less food resistant than non-poor households.

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India is home to one-third of the world‘s undernourished children. According to the third National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), one-third of Indian children are born with low birth weight, 45 percent of children below three years of age are stunted, 23 percent are wasted, and 40 percent are underweight.

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In India,most of the farmer having least cultivated and lower income as a result low annual expenditure on food consumption, here in the study area they have medium to low level of cultivated land that most affect their nutrition security. Agriculture helps in ensuring good nutrition and good nutrition builds human capital which is also an input for agro-production creating a circular pathway between agriculture and nutrition.

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Pig farming is dispensable to the tribal folks of Manipur, India. In this study, we tried to establish baseline information on the socio-personal and socio-economical status of small scale tribal pig farmers in the state. Altogether, 400 tribal pig farmers, rearing ≥ 2 pigs were selected randomly and interviewed from 4 blocks of Senapati district, Manipur. The study showed that majority of tribal pig farmers (69.75%) belonged to middle age groups (31-50 years), followed by 19.25% young age groups (up to 30 years), and 11% old age groups (> 50 years), respectively.

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Relatively recently, a Children’s Food Security Scale (CFSS) consisting only of the eight child-referenced items in the larger 18-item FSS has been validated by USDA/ERS. The CFSS can be scored and scaled to more directly depict the food security status of children in a household. This child-referenced scale has also been shown to yield higher prevalence of child hunger when administered separately than is obtained from the household-level FSS. 11 The eighteen questions comprising the FSS are shown in Table 1, with the eight items that make up the CFFS in the lower section.

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As an additional strategy, we also consider household assets as instruments. This identification strategy allows considering municipality fixed effects but assumes that decisions over the household assets considered do not depend or respond to shocks to child health. The use of community fixed effects is particularly appealing, as it will control for the absence of the long-run price structure. However, we will have to assume that transitory price changes do not influence child health.

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