Neurodegeneration

Senile plaques, the invariable hallmark and likely proximal cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are structured deposi-tions of the 40- and 42-residue forms of the Abpeptide. Conversely, diffuse plaques, which are not associated with neurodegeneration, consist mainly of unstructured Ab42. We have investigated the interaction between Ab40 and Ab42 through an assay, which involves labeling both vari-ants with an environment-sensitive fluorophore.

10p tumor12 20-04-2013 18 2   Download

Fibrillization ofa-synuclein (a-Syn) is closely associated with the formation of Lewy bodies in neurons and dopamine (DA) is a potent inhibitor for the process, which is implicated in the causative pathogenesis of Parkin-son’s disease (PD). To elucidate any molecular mechanism that may have biological relevance, we tested the inhibitory abilities of DA and several analogs including chemically synthetic and natural polyphenols in vitro.

12p fptmusic 11-04-2013 43 2   Download

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s diseases, affect millions of people worldwide and currently there are few effective treatments and no cures for these diseases. Transgenic mice expressing human transgenes for huntingtin, amyloid precursor protein, and other genes associated with familial forms of neurodegenerative disease in humans provide remarkable tools for studying neurodegeneration because they mimic many of the pathological and behavioural features of the human conditions. ...

15p awards 06-04-2013 39 4   Download

Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is an inherited autosomal dominant disease that is commonly caused by accumulation of deposits of transthyretin (TTR) amyloid around peripheral nerves. The only effective treatment for FAP is liver transplantation.

14p galaxyss3 21-03-2013 49 2   Download

The biochemical nature and the replication of infectious prions have been intensively studied in recent years. Much less is known about the cellular events underlying neuronal dysfunction and cell death. As the cellular func-tion of the normal cellular isoform of prion protein is not exactly known, the impact of gain of toxic function or loss of function, or a combination of both, in prion pathology is still controversial.

6p galaxyss3 21-03-2013 57 5   Download

Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is a serine protease that cleaves small peptides at the carboxyl side of an internal proline residue. Substance P, arginine– vasopressin, thyroliberin and gonadoliberin are proposed physiological substrates of this protease. POP has been implicated in a variety of brain processes, including learning, memory, and mood regulation, as well as in pathologies such as neurodegeneration, hypertension, and psychiatric disor-ders.

13p galaxyss3 07-03-2013 40 3   Download

The mammalian brain contains unusually high levels ofd-serine, ad-amino acid previously thought to be restricted to some bacteria and insects. In the last few years, studies from several groups have demonstrated that d-serine is a physiological co-agonist of the N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) type of glutamate receptor – a key excitatory neurotransmitter receptor in the brain.

13p galaxyss3 07-03-2013 44 3   Download

Amyloid-b(Ab) aggregation and amyloid formation are key pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease, and are considered to be two of the major contributing factors to neurodegeneration and dementia. Identification of small molecule inhibitors that are orally available, have low toxicity and high central nervous system bioavailability is one approach to the potential development of a disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.

12p media19 06-03-2013 47 2   Download

This review explores the possibility that acetylcholinesterase may play a pivotal, non-hydrolytic role in neurodegeneration. More specifically, C-ter-minal sequences of acetylcholinesterase may act as signalling molecules in key brain regions characteristically vulnerable to Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and motor neuron disease.

8p media19 05-03-2013 28 3   Download

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurological disorder characterized by the presence of amyloidb(Ab) peptide fibrils and oligomers in the brain. It has been suggested that soluble Ab oligomers, rather than Ab fibrils, contribute to neurodegeneration and dementia due to their higher level of toxicity.

12p vinaphone15 28-02-2013 34 2   Download

2-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) is the first and rate-limiting com-ponent of the multienzyme OGDH complex (OGDHC) whose malfunction is associated with neurodegeneration. The essential role of this complex in the degradation of glucose and glutamate, which have specific significance in brain, raises questions about the existence of brain-specific OGDHC iso-enzyme(s).

17p vinaphone15 28-02-2013 33 2   Download

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-jB) has been proposed to serve a dual func-tion as a regulator of neuron survival in pathological conditions associated with neurodegeneration. NF-jB is a transcription family of factors com-prising five different proteins, namely p50, RelA⁄p65, c-Rel, RelB and p52, which can combine differently to form active dimers in response to external stimuli.

9p vinaphone15 27-02-2013 25 3   Download

The detailed characterization of the function of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) may provide insight into the molecular basis of neurodegenera-tion in Parkinson’s disease (PD) because mutations in LRRK2 cause a phe-notype with strong overlap to typical late-onset disease and LRRK2 mutations are responsible for significant proportions of PD in some popu-lations.

9p viettel02 20-02-2013 26 4   Download

TDP-43 (transactive response binding protein of 43 kDa) and FUS (fused in sarcoma) comprise the neuropathological protein aggregates of distinct subtypes of the neurodegenerative diseases frontotemporal lobar degen-eration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

19p cosis54 09-12-2012 58 4   Download

Accumulations of aggregated proteins are a key feature of the pathology of all of the major neurodegenerative diseases. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was brought into this fold quite recently with the discovery of TDP-43 (TAR DNA binding protein, 43 kDa) inclusions in nearly all ALS cases.

11p cosis54 09-12-2012 48 3   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Critical Care giúp cho các bạn có thêm kiến thức về ngành y học đề tài: Cytoplasmic dynein could be key to understanding neurodegeneration...

4p coxanh_8 05-11-2011 37 1   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Critical Care giúp cho các bạn có thêm kiến thức về ngành y học đề tài: rug discovery from Chinese medicine against neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia...

6p coxanh_5 28-10-2011 43 4   Download