Peripheral nervous system

In this chapter, you will learn to: Define peripheral nervous system and list its components; classify general sensory receptors by structure, stimulus detected, and body location; outline the events that lead to sensation and perception; describe receptor and generator potentials and sensory adaptation; describe the main aspects of sensory perception.

40p tangtuy07 02-04-2016 58 2   Download

The peripheral nervous system and reflex activity (part c) provides knowledge of spinal nerves. The goal is for you to learn: Describe the formation of a spinal nerve and the general distribution of its rami; define plexus, name the major plexuses and describe the distribution and function of the peripheral nerves arising from each plexus.

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Chapter 13 - The peripheral nervous system and reflex activity (part b). This chapter define ganglion and indicate the general body location of ganglia, describe the general structure of a nerve, follow the process of nerve regeneration, name the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, indicate the body region and structures innervated by each.

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Chapter 13 (part d) provides knowledge of motor endings and motor activity. In this chapter, students will be able to compare and contrast the motor endings of somatic and autonomic nerve fibers, outline the three levels of the motor hierarchy, compare the roles of the cerebellum and basal nuclei in controlling motor activity.

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Chapter 14 provides knowledge of the autonomic nervous system. In this chapter, you will learn to: Define autonomic nervous system and explain its relationship to the peripheral nervous system; compare the somatic and autonomic nervous systems relative to effectors, efferent pathways, and neurotransmitters released; compare and contrast the functions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions;...

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Theo nghĩa sinh học, mạng nơ-ron là một tập hợp các dây thần kinh kết nối với nhau. Ngày nay, thuật ngữ này còn dùng để chỉ mạng nơ-ron nhân tạo, cấu thành từ các nơ-ron nhân tạo. Do đó thuật ngữ 'mạng nơ-ron' xác định hai khái niệm phân biệt: Mạng nơ-ron sinh học là một mạng lưới (plexus) các nơ-ron có kết nối hoặc có liên quan về mặt chức năng trực thuộc hệ thần kinh ngoại biên (peripheral nervous system) hay hệ thần kinh trung ương (central nervous system). Trong ngành thần kinh học...

13p and_12 08-08-2013 85 10   Download

The hypothesis thatL-glutamate (Glu) is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system is now gaining more support after the suc-cessful cloning of a number of genes coding for the signaling machinery required for this neurocrine at synapses in the brain. These include Glu receptors (signal detection), Glu transporters (signal termination) and vesicular Glu trans-porters (signal output through exocytotic release).

13p dell39 03-04-2013 64 4   Download

Lipopolysaccharide is a major constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It activates monocytes and macrophages to produce cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-aand interleukins IL-1b and IL-6. These cytokines appear to be responsible for the neurotoxicity observed in peripheral nervous system inflammatory disease.

11p galaxyss3 07-03-2013 35 4   Download

The mammalian nervous system is relatively autonomous in lipid metabolism. In particular, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, and oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in the central nervous system, are highly active in lipid synthesis.

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ATP, via purinergic P2X receptors, acts as a neurotransmitter and modula-tor in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, and is also involved in many biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Previously, we have reported that P2X7 receptor inhibition promotes axonal growth and branching in cultured hippocampal neurons.

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Accumulating evidence has contributed to a novel view in bone biology: bone remodeling, specifically osteoblast differentiation, is under the tight control of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Among other players in this neuro-osteogenic network, the neuropeptide Y (NPY) system has attracted particular attention.

11p viettel02 19-02-2013 40 3   Download

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Peripheral nervous system manifestations in a Sandhoff disease mouse model: nerve conduction, myelin structure, lipid analysis

9p panasonic01 13-12-2011 53 4   Download

Abstract Glucose homeostasis in humans is an important factor for the functioning of nervous system. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia is found to be associated with central and peripheral nerve system dysfunction. Changes in acetylcholine receptors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of many major diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). In the present study we showed the effects of insulin induced hypoglycemia and streptozotocin induced diabetes on the cerebellar cholinergic receptors, GLUT3 and muscle cholinergic activity. Results showed enhanced binding parameters and gene...

9p toshiba23 18-11-2011 54 2   Download

Neurogenic shock is shock caused by the sudden loss of the autonomic nervous system signals to the smooth muscle in vessel walls. This can result from severe central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) damage. With the sudden loss of background sympathetic stimulation, the vessels suddenly relax resulting in a sudden decrease in peripheral vascular resistance (vasodilatation) and decreased blood pressure.

4p truongthiuyen1 09-06-2011 61 3   Download

The cause of macroglobulinemia is unknown. The disease is similar to myeloma in being slightly more common in men and occurring with increased incidence with age (median 64 years). There have been reports that the IgM in some patients with macroglobulinemia may have specificity for myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a protein that has been associated with demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system and may be lost earlier and to a greater extent than the better known myelin basic protein in patients with multiple sclerosis.

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Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic acidosis can occur because of an increase in endogenous acid production (such as lactate and ketoacids), loss of bicarbonate (as in diarrhea), or accumulation of endogenous acids (as in renal failure). Metabolic acidosis has profound effects on the respiratory, cardiac, and nervous systems. The fall in blood pH is accompanied by a characteristic increase in ventilation, especially the tidal volume (Kussmaul respiration). Intrinsic cardiac contractility may be depressed, but inotropic function can be normal because of catecholamine release.

5p ongxaemnumber1 29-11-2010 71 3   Download

PERIPHERAL CYANOSIS Probably the most common cause of peripheral cyanosis is the normal vasoconstriction resulting from exposure to cold air or water. When cardiac output is reduced, cutaneous vasoconstriction occurs as a compensatory mechanism so that blood is diverted from the skin to more vital areas such as the central nervous system and heart, and cyanosis of the extremities may result even though the arterial blood is normally saturated. Arterial obstruction to an extremity, as with an embolus, or arteriolar constriction, as in cold-induced vasospasm (Raynaud's phenomenon, Chap.

5p ongxaemnumber1 29-11-2010 61 5   Download