Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 13: The peripheral nervous system and reflex activity (part b)

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Chapter 13 - The peripheral nervous system and reflex activity (part b). This chapter define ganglion and indicate the general body location of ganglia, describe the general structure of a nerve, follow the process of nerve regeneration, name the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, indicate the body region and structures innervated by each.

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Nội dung Text: Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 13: The peripheral nervous system and reflex activity (part b)

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College CHAPTER 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity: Part B Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cranial Nerves • Twelve pairs of nerves associated with the brain • Most are mixed in function; two pairs are purely sensory • Each nerve is identified by a number (I through XII) and a name “On occasion, our trusty truck acts funny—very good vehicle anyhow” Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Filaments of olfactory Frontal lobe nerve (I) Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract Temporal lobe Optic nerve (II) Optic chiasma Infundibulum Optic tract Facial Oculomotor nerve (VII) nerve (III) Vestibulo- Trochlear cochlear nerve (IV) nerve (VIII) Trigeminal Glossopharyngeal nerve (V) nerve (IX) Abducens Vagus nerve (X) nerve (VI) Cerebellum Accessory nerve (XI) Medulla Hypoglossal nerve (XII) oblongata (a) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 13.5 (a)
Cranial nerves Sensory Motor PS* I – VI function function fibers I Olfactory Yes (smell) No No II Optic Yes (vision) No No III Oculomotor No Yes Yes IV Trochlear No Yes No V Trigeminal Yes (general Yes No sensation) VI Abducens No Yes No Cranial nerves Sensory Motor PS* VII – XII function function fibers VII Facial Yes (taste) Yes Yes VIII Vestibulocochlear Yes (hearing Some No and balance) IX Glossopharyngeal Yes (taste) Yes Yes X Vagus Yes (taste) Yes Yes XI Accessory No Yes No XII Hypoglossal No Yes No (b) *PS = parasympathetic Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 13.5 (b)
I: The Olfactory Nerves • Arise from the olfactory receptor cells of nasal cavity • Pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone • Fibers synapse in the olfactory bulbs • Pathway terminates in the primary olfactory cortex • Purely sensory (olfactory) function Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 13.2
II: The Optic Nerves • Arise from the retinas • Pass through the optic canals, converge and partially cross over at the optic chiasma • Optic tracts continue to the thalamus, where they synapse • Optic radiation fibers run to the occipital (visual) cortex • Purely sensory (visual) function Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 13.2
III: The Oculomotor Nerves • Fibers extend from the ventral midbrain through the superior orbital fissures to the extrinsic eye muscles • Functions in raising the eyelid, directing the eyeball, constricting the iris (parasympathetic), and controlling lens shape Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 13.2
IV: The Trochlear Nerves • Fibers from the dorsal midbrain enter the orbits via the superior orbital fissures to innervate the superior oblique muscle • Primarily a motor nerve that directs the eyeball Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 13.2
V: The Trigeminal Nerves • Largest cranial nerves; fibers extend from pons to face • Three divisions • Ophthalmic (V1) passes through the superior orbital fissure • Maxillary (V2) passes through the foramen rotundum • Mandibular (V3) passes through the foramen ovale • Convey sensory impulses from various areas of the face (V1) and (V2), and supplies motor fibers (V3) for mastication Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 13.2
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 13.2
VI: The Abducens Nerves • Fibers from the inferior pons enter the orbits via the superior orbital fissures • Primarily a motor, innervating the lateral rectus muscle Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 13.2
VII: The Facial Nerves • Fibers from the pons travel through the internal acoustic meatuses, and emerge through the stylomastoid foramina to the lateral aspect of the face • Chief motor nerves of the face with 5 major branches • Motor functions include facial expression, parasympathetic impulses to lacrimal and salivary glands • Sensory function (taste) from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 13.2
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 13.2