Synthesis of responses

Nanocomposite material LiFe1-xMxPO4/Gr was successfully synthesized achieving it with single phase. It’s response required electrochemical parameters of positive electrode materials for Li-ion batteries such as: improved diffusion coefficient and conductivity, higher capacity comparative with LFP in same conditional synthesis.

28p capheviahe26 25-01-2021 22 3   Download

Certain amino acids, like glutamine and leucine, induce an anabolic response in liver. They activate p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) involved in protein and fatty acids synthesis, respectively. In contrast, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which senses the energy state of the cell and becomes activated under metabolic stress, inactivates by phosphorylation key enzymes in biosynthetic pathways thereby conserving ATP.

9p system191 01-06-2013 50 5   Download

Liver metabolism is influenced by hormones and nutrients. Amino acids such as glutamine or leucine induce an anabolic response, which resembles that of insulin in muscle and adipose tissue. In this work, the signalling pathways and the effects of insulin were compared to those of glutamine and leucine in isolated hepatocytes from normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

9p system191 01-06-2013 46 5   Download

Duodenase is a 29-kDa serine endopeptidase that displays selective trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like substrate specificity. This enzyme has been localized to epitheliocytes of Brunner’s glands, and as described here, to mast cells within the intestinal mucosa and lungworm-infected lung, implying an important additional role in inflammation and tissue remodelling. In primary cultures of pulmonary artery fibroblasts, duodenase induced a concentration-dependent increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation with a maximal effect observed at 30 nM.

10p research12 01-06-2013 54 3   Download

CTP synthase catalyzes the reaction glutamine + UTP +ATPfiglutamate + CTP + ADP + Pi.The rate of the reaction is greatly enhanced by the allosteric activator GTP.We have studied the glutaminase half-reactionofCTP synthase from Lactococcus lactisand its response to the allosteric activator GTP and nucleotides that bind to the active site. In contrast to what has been found for the Escherichia colienzyme, GTP activation of the L. lactis enzyme did not result in similarkcat values for the glutami-nase activity and glutamine hydrolysis coupled to CTP synthesis. ...

8p research12 29-04-2013 44 2   Download

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are characterized by their ability, upon activation, to bind to heat shock response elements (HSE) present in the promoter of their target genes. HSE are composed of inverted repeats of the pentamer nGAAm. In this study, we compare the embryonic HSF2 protein, purified from F9 embryonal carcinoma cells tumor, and thein vitro synthesized HSF2. We show that the context of HSF2 synthesis influences its thermosensitivity and DNA-binding properties.

11p research12 29-04-2013 47 2   Download

Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) ofRhodobacter sphaeroidesare anionic cyclic molecules that accumulate in large amounts in the periplasmic space in response to low osmolarity of the medium. Their anionic character is pro-vided by the substitution of the glucosidic backbone by succinyl residues. A wild-type strain was subject to trans-poson mutagenesis, and putative mutant clones were screened for changes in OPGs by thin layer chromatogra-phy.

12p research12 29-04-2013 43 6   Download

The disaccharide galactosea1,3galactose (theaGal epitope) is the major xenoantigen responsible for the hyperacute vascular rejection occurring in pig-to-primates organ trans-plantation. The synthesis of theaGal epitope is catalyzed by the enzyme a1,3-galactosyltransferase (a1,3GalT). To be able to control porcinea1,3GalT gene expression speci®c-ally, we have analyzed the upstreamportionof thea1,3GalT gene, and identi®ed the regulatory sequences.

10p research12 29-04-2013 33 2   Download

All higher organisms divide major biochemical steps into different cellular compartments and often use tissue-specific division of metabolism for the same purpose.Such spatial resolution is accompanied with temporal changes of meta-bolite synthesis in response to environmental stimuli or developmental needs.Although analyses of primary and secondary gene products, i.e. transcripts, proteins, and metabolites, regularly do not cope with this spatial and temporal resolution, these gene products are often observed to be highly coregulated forming complex networks....

10p tumor12 20-04-2013 34 2   Download

Four distinct eukaryotic initiation factor 2a(eIF2a)kinases phosphorylate eIF2aat S51and regulateprotein synthesis in response to various environmental stresses. These are the hemin-regulated inhibitor (HRI), the interferon-inducible dsRNA-dependent kinase (PKR), the endoplasmic reticu-lum (ER)-resident kinase (PERK) and the GCN2 protein kinase. Whereas HRI and PKR appear to be restricted to mammalian cells, GCN2 and PERK seem to be widely distributed in eukaryotes.

14p tumor12 20-04-2013 26 4   Download

Activation of a temperature-sensitive formof p53 inmurine erythroleukaemia cells results in a rapid impairment of protein synthesis that precedes inhibitionof cell proliferation and loss of cell viability by several hours. The inhibition of translation is associated with specific cleavages of polypep-tide chain initiation factors eIF4GI and eIF4B, a pheno-menon previously observed in cells induced to undergo apoptosis in response to other stimuli.

11p fptmusic 16-04-2013 33 3   Download

BacterialRNApolymerase (RNAP) is the central enzyme of gene expression that is responsible for the synthesis of all types of cellular RNAs. The process of transcription is accompanied by complex structural rearrangements of RNAP. Despite the recent progress in structural studies of RNAP, detailed mechanisms of conformational changes of RNAP that occur at different stages of transcription remain unknown.

11p awards 05-04-2013 42 2   Download

Sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) is involved in the maintenance of photosystem II (PSII) activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii[Minoda, A., Sato, N., Nozaki, H., Okada, K., Takahashi, H., Sonoike, K. & Tsuzuki, M. et al.(2002) Eur. J. Biochem.269, 2353–2358]. To under-stand the spread of the taxa in which PSII interacts with SQDG, especially in cyanobacteria, we produced a mutant defective in the putativesqdBgene responsible for SQDG synthesis from two cyanobacteria, Synechocystis sp.

9p dell39 03-04-2013 45 3   Download

Two mutants ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii, mf1andmf2, characterized by a marked reduction in their phosphatidyl-glycerol content together with a complete loss in itsD 3 -trans hexadecenoic acid-containing form, also lost photosystemII (PSII) activity. Genetic analysis of crosses betweenmf2and wild-type strains shows a strict cosegregationof thePSII and lipid deficiencies, while phenotypic analysis of phototrophic revertant strains suggests that one single nuclear mutation is responsible for the pleiotropic phenotype of the mutants....

10p dell39 03-04-2013 51 3   Download

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is induced by many proin-flammatory and pro-oxidant factors. Among them, tumor necrosis factora (TNFa), a pivotal early mediator that regulates and amplifies the develop-ment of inflammation, is one of the strongest PAI-1 synthesis activators. Location of the TNFa response element in the PAI-1 promoter is still ambiguous.

11p dell39 27-03-2013 45 4   Download

Thepcd1mutant of pea lacks heme oxygenase (HO) activity required for the synthesis of the phytochrome chromophore and is consequently severely deficient in all responses mediated by the phytochrome family of plant photoreceptors. Here we describe the isolation of the gene encoding pea heme oxygenase 1 (PsHO1) and confirm the presence of a mutation in this gene in the pcd1 mutant.

13p inspiron33 26-03-2013 55 4   Download

Stress protein responses have evolved in part as a mechanism to protect cells from the toxic effects of environmental damaging agents. Oesophageal squamous epithelial cells have evolved an atypical stress response that results in the synthesis of a 53 kDa protein of undefined function named squamous epithelial-induced stress protein of 53 kDa (SEP53).

18p inspiron33 26-03-2013 59 5   Download

The discovery of iron-responsive elements (IREs), along with the identifica-tion of iron regulatory proteins (IRP1, IRP2), has provided a molecular basis for our current understanding of the remarkable post-transcriptional regulation of intracellular iron homeostasis. In iron-depleted conditions, IRPs bind to IREs present in the 5¢-UTR of ferritin mRNA and the 3¢-UTR of transferrin receptor (TfR) mRNA.

9p inspiron33 25-03-2013 41 3   Download

Proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are properly folded with the assistance of ER chaperones. Malfolded proteins are disposed of by ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). When the amount of unfolded protein exceeds the folding capacity of the ER, human cells acti-vate a defense mechanism called the ER stress response, which induces expression of ER chaperones and ERAD components and transiently attenuates protein synthesis to decrease the burden on the ER.

29p galaxyss3 21-03-2013 56 6   Download

Nur77 is one member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. As a transcrip-tion factor, Nur77 participates in a variety of biological processes, includ-ing T cell development, inflammatory responses, steroid hormone synthesis, and hepatic glucose metabolism. It typically acts via binding to the Nur77 responsive element (NBRE) in the promoter regions of its target genes.

14p media19 06-03-2013 48 4   Download