Test – score reporting

SYSTEM DESIGN AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Hanushek cautions: “If the efficiency of our school systems is due to poor incentives for teachers and administrators coupled with poor decisionmaking by consumers, it would be unwise to expect much from programs that seek to strengthen ‘market forces’ in the selection of schools,” (1981, p. 34-35; emphasis added). Moreover, if students’ outcomes depend importantly on the characteristics of their classmates (i.e.

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ORGANIZATIONL CHANGE THROUGH THE MANDATED IMOLEMENTATION OF NEW INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY : A MODIFIED TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL A second shortcoming of the validity literature is more fundamental. In a world in which student background characteristics are known to be correlated with academic success (i.e. with both SAT scores and collegiate grades), it is quite difficult to interpret validity estimates that fail to take account of these background characteristics.

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THE EFFECTS OF CUSTOMER LOYALITY ON PROFITABILLITY Chapter Three turns to a wholly different, but not unrelated, topic, the role of admissions exam scores in the identification of well-prepared students in the college admissions process. The case for using such exams is often made with “validity” studies, which estimate the correlation between test scores and eventual collegiate grades, both with and without controls for high school grade point average. I argue that there are two fundamental problems with these studies as they are often carried out.

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SERVICE PARTS LOGISTICS: MODELING, ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION Chapter One develops this idea and implements tests of the hypothesis that school effectiveness is an important determinant of residential choices among local-monopoly school districts. I model a “Tiebout”-style housing market in which house prices ration access to desirable schools, which may be desirable either because they are particularly effective or because they enroll a desirable set of students.

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MARKETING HIGHER EDUCATION: APPLYING A CONSUMPTION VALUE MODEL TO COLLEGE CHOICE Chapter One develops this idea and implements tests of the hypothesis that school effectiveness is an important determinant of residential choices among local-monopoly school districts. I model a “Tiebout”-style housing market in which house prices ration access to desirable schools, which may be desirable either because they are particularly effective or because they enroll a desirable set of students.

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THREE ESSAYS ON FINANCIAL DISTRESS AND CORPORATE CONTROL Chapter One develops this idea and implements tests of the hypothesis that school effectiveness is an important determinant of residential choices among local-monopoly school districts. I model a “Tiebout”-style housing market in which house prices ration access to desirable schools, which may be desirable either because they are particularly effective or because they enroll a desirable set of students.

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TAXES AND TRANSPER-PRICING5/16/2019 INCOME SHIFTING AND THE VOLUME OF INTRA-FIRM TRANSPERS The first two chapters consider parents’ choice of schools for their children. The claim that parental choice can create incentives for schools to become more productive is a tenet of the neoclassical analysis of education. It relies crucially on the assumption that parents will choose effective, productive schools.

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SITE BASED MANAGEMENT: A DESIGN PERSPECTIVE The first two chapters consider parents’ choice of schools for their children. The claim that parental choice can create incentives for schools to become more productive is a tenet of the neoclassical analysis of education. It relies crucially on the assumption that parents will choose effective, productive schools.

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Migration and Economic Development: The Case of the Mouride Brotherhood From Senegal to the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area, 1990-2000 Effectiveness sorting should be observable as a magnification of the causal peer effect, as it creates a positive correlation between the peer group and an omitted variable— school effectiveness—in regression models for student outcomes.

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Essays in the Economics of Education The likelihood that parents have imperfect information only reinforces this judgment, as the most widely available indicator of school quality, the average test score, loads heavily on the peer group, while value added is much more difficult to observe.

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EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATIONS OF PUBLIC POLICY In so far as student test scores depend on school effectiveness, effectiveness sorting is observable as an increase in the slope of school average scores with respect to student characteristics

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ESSAYS ON EDUCATION INVESTMENT, INCOME INEQUALITY, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Recall, moreover, that this thought experiment assumes a choice coefficient at the upper limit of the confidence interval. At the point estimate, choice reduces the gradient of SAT scores with respect to student quality. The models in Table 1.4 reject a sizable—by any reasonable standard—effect of choice on the test score gradient.

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Essays in Macroeconomics and the Economics of Higher Education In single-MSA regressions of test scores on student characteristics, the above arguments imply greater attenuation of the peer group coefficient in MSAs with less stratified schools. As choice is positively correlated with stratification, this produces a tendency toward larger estimated coefficients (i.e. less bias toward zero) in high-choice MSAs.

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HOUSEHOLE EDUCATION AND EARNINGS: EVIDENCE FROM RURAL PERU The first panel of Table 1.6 presents estimates using the composite test scores that students earned during the original wave of the NELS, when they were in 8th grade. (I continue to use the secondary choice index in this analysis; it correlates 0.98 with an elementary index.)

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GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON MEDIA IN CHINA: A COMPARATIVE SEMIOTIC CONTENT ANALYSIS OF VISUAL REPRESETATION IN CHINESE AND US MAGAZINE ADVERTISEMENTS 1979-1998 To assess their validity, I estimate the basic model using test score data from the National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS) and high school completion rates from the Common Core of Data (CCD). Neither of these has nearly the breadth of the SAT data, so the estimates presented here are not as precise as those above, but the point estimates are reassuringly similar....

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ECONOMETRIC STUDY OF THE DEMAND FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN CANADA, 1976-1995 Column D tests a different aspect of the specification, the assumption that the background characteristics predicting SAT scores are identical to those indexing willingnessto- pay for desirable schools. To test this, I allow willingness-to-pay to depend on students’ self-reported family income, estimating the interaction between income and Tiebout choice while including the peer quality index to absorb peer effects. The interaction coefficient here is again negative and insignificant....

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A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA The likelihood that parents have imperfect information only reinforces this judgment, as the most widely available indicator of school quality, the average test score, loads heavily on the peer group, while value added is much more difficult to observe.

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Differences in Audit Quality Among Audit Firms: An Examination Using Bid-Ask Spreads Then, in Section 1.6, I examine the distribution of average test scores across markets, looking for evidence that interdistrict competition leads to increases in the average effectiveness of local administrators.

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INFORMATION SYSTEM QUALITY : AN EXAMINATION OF SERVICE-BASED MODELS AND ALTERNATIVES If both peer group and school effectiveness are important to parents, then, the Tiebout mechanism rewards effective administrators only when there are many districts. Model (3) suggests that in this case the test score gap between high- and low-income schools will tend to be larger in markets with a great deal of interdistrict competition than in those with less Tiebout choice. I test for this in the empirical analysis below....

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AN EXAMINATION OF THE CONFORMANCE OF BANK INTERNAL AUDITORS WITH INTERNAL AUDITING STANDARS Recall equation (3), which suggested that a naïve estimate of the peer effect is magnified by effectiveness sorting, with the degree of magnification being ( ) ( ) θ * ≡ cov x j ,μ j var x j , the coefficient from a regression of μ j on x j across all districts in the market. θ * = 1 in the perfectly sorted markets displayed in Panels A, B, C, and E of Figure 1.1, indicating that the slope of school-level average test scores with respect to student characteristics in...

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